Four broiler houses located on the same farm belonged to Emivest Vietnam Co., Ltd in Binh Phuoc province were selected to evaluate the effect of indoor environmental factors including temperature (oC), relative humidity (%), air velocity (m/s), concentration of O2 (%), NH3, H2S, CO and CH4 (ppm) and the presence of  Escherichia coli and Eimeria spp. in houses on growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of one to 42 day old chicks. All birds were kept in tunnel-ventilated  houses and raised on deep litter floor, which was divided into 4 equal positions of  360 m2. The measurement showed that there was no harmful gas detected, O2 concentration was maintained at normal level (20.9 vol%). Number of fecal E.coli was 14*106 CFU/g with no presence of Eimeria spp. The final weight of birds reared near vent fans was higher to that of birds in the exhaust fans (3,026 g vs 2871 g, p

The study was conducted on 54 crossbred growing pigs of Duroc x (Yorkshire x Landrace) with an average initial live weight of 24.94±1.63 kg, at the experimental farm of Vemedim Co., in Thoi Lai district, Can Tho City. Pigs were allocated individually in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments of (i) control (C): Basal diet (BD), no product supplied; (ii) BD supplied with Halquinol fed by the way of continuous feeding (H-L); and (iii) BD supplied with Halquinol fed biweekly (H-C). After 8-week stage,  growth parameters (final live weight, kg; weight gain, kg; average daily gain, g/pig/day) of pigs in the dietary treatments were significantly higher (p

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of coccidiosis in broilers in Vinh Long province uing the method of fecal examination and post mortem examination. Two thousand and four hundred fecal samples of broilers from the first to the sixth weeks of age were collected from 4 broiler farms and examined microscopically for the presence and identification of oocyst and asexual forms of Eimeria. The results showed that the overall rate of coccidiosis in broilers in Vinh Long province was 38.33%. The infected rate tended to rise fast from the second week of age (7%) to the 4th week (100%) and then descended. The infected rate in chickens with 5 and 6 weeks old was only 37% and 35%, respectively. Eimeria infected chickens manifested symtoms such as droopiness and listlessness, low appetite, thirsty and mucosal or bloody droppings. The prevalence of Eimeria oocysts in bloody, brown, mucosal and normal feces was 76.79%, 48.38%, 33.52% and 15.35%; respectively. In addition, Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria tennella and Eimeria maxima were detected in surveyed broilers. Normally, broilers infected with  ratio of 2 species/ individual contributed 37.83%; following by 1 species/ individual with 34.78% and 3 species/ individual at 27.39%. This is the first report of coccidiosis rate in broiler chicken in Vinh Long province and further studies are needed to develop for better prevention and treatment against coccidiosis in the broiler farms of the region.

The study was carried out on 2,191 dogs kept in Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho city and those examined at some veterinary clinics in this city from January, 2015  to May, 2016. Through records, clinical diagnosis, capillary blood glucose concentrations were used for diagnosis. Determination of capillary blood sugar concentration at 8 hours after feeding was done using One Touch Ulra 2 test paper based on glucose- oxydase reaction. The test results were read after 5 seconds by One Touch Ultra glucose meter (Johnson&Johnson Company, USA). Diagnosis of diabetes in dogs was based on criteria of WSAVA, 2010 (World Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2010). Determining diabetic hepatopathy in dogs was based on quantilative analysis AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase,) and ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) enzyme in serum of diabetic dogs. Diagnosis of determining diabetic hepatopathy in dogs was based on criteria of The Mecrk, 2013. The results show that 124 out of 2,191 dogs (5.66%) got diabetes. Sixty seven out of 124 cases (54.03%) were positive with liver disease. The prevalence of diabetic hepatopathy disease was 50.62% in female dogs and 60.47% in males. The prevalence of canine diabetes was highest in above 7 year-old dogs (67.74%) and lowest in 3-5 year-old dogs (26.1%). In addition, the diabetic hepatopathy disease showed common clinical signs (40.30%) including anorexia, vomit; pain in the area of beneath rib when performed clinical diagnosis (31.34%) and jaundice (7.46%) and less common clinical signs (22.39%).

The study was done to evaluate the effect of different levels of beta-glucan on egg performance and egg quality of Hisex Brown laying hens. A completely randomized experiment with a total of 160 Hisex Brown laying hens at 33 weeks of age was divided into 4 dietary treatments and 10 replications. The control treatment was a basal diet supplemented with 3 different levels of beta-glucan powder at 0.025; 0.05 and 0.075%, leading to 3 more dietary treatments. Each dietary treatment was repeated 10 times. The results showed that no significant differences were found among treatments on egg performance, percentages of laying rate and cull egg (p>0.05), even though these dietary treatments had higher egg performance (65.42-66.07 eggs/layer), percentages of laying rate (94.81-95.75%) as well as cull egg (0.77-1.99%) compared to those of control (64.83 eggs/layer; 93.94% and 3.31%, respectively). Similarly, there were no significant differences among treatments in feed consumption and feed efficiency (p>0.05). Supplementing beta-glucan powder at 0.05% improved egg weight and egg yolk color and increased economic benefits (19.08%) compared to other treatments.

This study was carried out to determine Leptospira infection rates in dogs in An Giang province by micro agglutination test (MAT) with 18 serogroups of Leptospira. The results showed that the seroprevalance rate of Leptospira infected dogs in An Giang province was 20.15% (53/263), in which two dominant pathogenic serogroups in dogs were Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae (50.53%) and Leptospira panama (16.13%). Leptospira infection rate of hybrid dog breed and domestic dog breeds was almost similar and accounted for 20.69 % and 19.89%,respectively. It is suggested that canine leptospirosis should be diagnosed and treated soon to prevent the risk of transmission of pathogenic Leptospira from dogs to owners in this province

The fresh chicken and duck meat quality were assessed on 93 samples, of which 66 meat samples were taken from a slaughterhouse and selling stalls in the markets, 12 samples were taken from floor of slaughterhouse and cutting boards in selling stalls markets, 15 water samples were from slaughter house and selling markets. The assessment of meat quality was based on the National Technical specifications for fresh meat (TCVN 7046: 2009) and included five microbiological criteria, namely total aerobic bacteria, Coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. The results showed that fresh chicken and duck meat samples were contaminated with bacteria at rates of 100% of total aerobic bacteria and Coliforms, 80% of Escherichia coli, 13.3% of Staphylococcus aureus, and 36.65% of Salmonella spp.  Chicken and duck meat samples taken from markets had contamination rates of aerobic bacteria, Coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. ranging from 100%, 100%, 80.6%,  13.9% and 41.7%,  respectively. The amount of bacteria in the studied samples exceeded those specified in the national technical regulations for fresh meat, indicating high contamination levels. Furthermore, the results of the present study on the bacterial contamination levels in water supplies, floor of slaughter house and meat cutting tables proposed an urgent need to control more strictly the sanitary conditions in the slaughterhouses and chicken and duck meat in retail markets.

An investigation on serology was carried out to survey the prevalence of Newcastle and Gumboro disease virus infection in backyard chickens in Thong Hoa. A total of 93 serum samples were collected from these unvaccinated backyard chickens and screened for evidence of antibodies to Newcastle and Gumboro disease virus. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and ELISA tests were used to detect antibodies to Newcastle and Gumboro virus, respectively. Out of the 93 serum samples, 72 (77.4%) had antibodies against the Newcastle disease virus. Overall seroprevalence for Gumboro virus was 68.8% while the prevalence of 54.8% was obtained for both Newcastle and Gumboro virus infection. The study reveals that Newcastle and Gumboro virus circulated among chickens.

Measurement of anti-rabies antibodies in dog serum samples collected from slaughter-houses in Can Tho city was conducted from February 2015 to November 2015 by using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (SERELISA® Rabies Ab Mono Indirect kit, France). A total of 184 dog serum samples collected from slaughter-houses in 6 districts in Can Tho city were tested for anti-rabies antibodies. The results showed that the protection rate of sampling dogs was 14.13% (26/184). The protection rates detected in dogs from various areas were not different. The highest protection rate found in dogs near the city was 22.64% (12/53), followed by 10.9% (6/55) in the city  and the lowest rate in was found in suburban area 10.53% (8/76). The proportions of protected dogs were age-dependent with 8.5% (8/94) in under 1.5 year-old dogs, 17.51% (13/74)  in 1.5-2.5 year-old dogs and 31.25% (5/16) in over 2.5 year-old dogs and breed-dependent (13.25%,22/166) in local dogs and 22.22% (4/18) in foreign dogs). The, proportion was also sex-independent with 14% for both male and female dogs. The percentage of dogs with antibody protection at concentration from 0.6-10 IU / mL was 84.6% and that at concentration > 10 IU / mL was 15.4%.

One hundred and thirty-five samples of edible snail (90) and freshwater crab (45) were collected from farming land in some districts of Can Tho city, Kien Giang and An Giang provinces from January to May 2016. All samples were cultured on cooked–meat medium and blood agar in anaerobic condition and then Clostridium spp was identified by Gram staining method combined with API 20A test. The results showed that Clostridium spp was isolated from (15.56%) 21/135 examined samples, in which these bacteria were isolated from 17/90 freshwater snails (18.89%) and 4/45 rice field crabs (8.89%). The percentage of Clostridium botulinum isolated from freshwater snails and rice field crabs was 2.22% (2/90) and 4.44% (2/45), respectively. The result of antibiotic sensitivity test of 21 clostridial isolates against 5 antibiotics including doxycycline, norfloxacin, marbofloxacin, florfenicol and  fosfomycine  showed that all of these bacterial isolates were fully sensitive (100%) to tested antibiotics.

Canine hookworm is one of the most popular parasitic diseases in domestic dogs in Vietnam, which has the potential of animal to human transmission. Therefore, the disease influences not only on animal health but also public health. The study was conducted to identify hookworm species in domestic dogs in Dong Thap and Soc Trang provinces. Hookworms were collected by post-mortem examination in Dong Thap and Soc Trang provinces. The hookworm samples were identified based on morphological characteristics, documented by Phan The Viet và cs., (1977), Levine N. D. (1968), Soulsby (1977) and molecular biology method. PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay with the target internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) using Restriction enzyme RSaI was applied to differentiate hookworm species at molecular level. The results showed that the accumulative hookworm infection rate was 64.00%, with A. caninum, A. ceylanicum and A. braziliense (59.65%, 25.00% and 16.35%, respectively). The hookworm infection of 12-24 month-age dogs was up to 71.03%, which was higher than those over 24 months of age (60.55%). Infection rates had the tendency to decrease along with the increase of age. Unbridled dogs had infection rate of (71.6%), which was higher than that of dogs kept in cage (38.20%). Basing on morphological characteristics and molecular biology techniques, PCR - RELP showed the 3 phenotypes A1, A2 and A3 with 3 species of hookworm A. caninum, A. braziliense and A. ceylanicum, respectively. After sequencing and analyzing the ITS1 sequence, the results were completely in accordance with the patterns from PCR – RELP of three above mentioned species.

A total of 255 porcupine stool samples and necropsied 27 porcupines were collected and studied about the presence of helminthes in 3 different districts of Cau Ngang, Cang Long and Cau Ke in Tra Vinh province. The stool analysis method showed that 76.5% of surveyed porcupines were infected by roundworms. The roundworm infection rate increased in accordance with the age of porcupines. The 24 month old porcupine group had the highest infection rate of 90%, following closely by the group from 13-24 months and the group from 3-12 months old had the infection rate of 86.7%, and 70% respectively. The least infection rate (46.7%) belonged to young porcupines (13; >24 months old. In addition, Trichuris infundibulus, Enterobius vermicularis and Neoascaris mackerrasa were also found by this method. However, there was significant difference from the infection rates among species as compared with the stool analysis method. In fact, 96.3% of surveyed porcupines were infected by 2 species of Trichuris infundibulus, Enterobius vermicularis, and Neoascaris mackerrasa could be only found in 18.5% of studied porcupines.

The study was carried out on 105 weaned piglets of crossbred Duroc x (Yorkshire – Landrace) with an average initial live weight of 15.03±0.23 kg/head. The animals were allocated into a completely randomized design with 7 treatments (i) Control: Basal diet (BD) without garlic powder (BT), (ii) BD added 0.04% BT (BT4), (iii) BD added 0.06% BT (BT6), (iv) BD added 0.08% BT (BT8), (v) BD added 0.10% BT (BT10), (vi) BD added 0.12% BT (BT12) (iv) BD added 0.14% BT (BT14) and 3 replicates. Result showed that final live weight (kg/pig) was highest in BT12 (67.67) and was lowest in control (62.90) (p

The study was carried out to investigate the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli (ESBL E. coli) isolated from 100 sick chickens in Vinh Long province by the combination disc methods. The results showed that 61% of sick chickens infected with ESBL-producing E. coli and they were detected in lungs (8%), livers (7%), muscles (15%) and faeces (56%); the presence of ESBL E. coli on broilers (82.14%) was higher than that on layers (34.09%). Two hundred ESBL E. coli isolates were selected for the antibiotic susceptibility test to 13 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. The results showed that these isolates were resistant to 2-12 antibiotics. Resistance was most frequently observed to beta-lactams such as ampicillin (99.5%), cefaclor (94%) and cefuroxime (76%); however, these isolates were still sensitive to amikacin (95.5%), fosfomycin (83%) and doxycyline (75%). Forty multidrug-resistant ESBL producing E.coli isolates were selected for the determination of beta-lactamase coding bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla SHV genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction method. It was additionally shown that bla TEM gene, bla CTX-M gene and bla SHV gene were frequently detected in the tested isolates (90%, 85% and 62.5% respectively).

This study was carried out from November 2014 to March 2015 at the Research and Technology Transfer Center, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design on 20 lai Sind female cattle at 16-18 months of age and average body weight of 163±8.3 kg. Treatments were 5 levels of copra meal replacement by dried cassava forage at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% in basal diet of Napier grass. It was found that daily dry matter intake varied from 2.65 to 2.78 % of body weight and crude protein intake was from 630 to 681 g/head/day. In addition, feed conversion ratio ranged between 7.06 and 8.02 kg and weight gain was from 697 to 734 g/head/day. Methane emission was similar in cattle among treatments and varied from 157 to 173 L/kg weight gain (p>0.05).

Avian influenza disease is an acute infectious disease of avian caused by Orthomyxoviridae virus. The present study on the circulation and genetic variation of type A H5N1 avian influenza virus in Hau Giang, Soc Trang, Tra Vinh and Vinh Long provinces has been conducted by sampling swabs on poultry (healthy chicken and duck) trading at live bird market or slaughterhouses. The swab samples were tested  using Real time RT-PCR technique to identify type A H5N1 avian influenza virus and to define the rate of prevalence and further implement HA gene sequencing for determination of genetic variation and clade. It was shown that the average prevalence of type A H5N1 avian influenza virus on poultry in above provinces in the Mekong delta  was 6,5% whereas  the prevalence of type A H5N1 avian influenza virus on duck and chicken was 9,7%  and 4%, respectively. Besides, results of genetic variation investigation showed that nucleotide differentiation between circulating strains in the provinces and the reference strain A/Hong Kong/6841/2010 was from 2.3 – 3.2% . The amino acid sequence motif at connecting position between HA1 and HA2 segment was Q-ERRRKR-G and similar to the sequence of reference strain A/Hong Kong/6841/2010. The strains of type A H5N1 avian influenza virus circulating in the provinces of Hau Giang, Soc Trang, Tra Vinh and Vinh Long belong to virus clade of 2.3.2.1c.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation levels of sweet potato waste associated with coconut meal in diets on growth rate, carcass performance  and nutrient digestibility of growing crossbred rabbits. Sixty crossbred rabbits at 8 weeks of age were alloted in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Five treatments were 5 supplementation levels of sweet potato waste (KL) combined with coconut meal (KDD) corresponding to KL10-KDD30, KL20-KDD25, KL30-KDD20, KL40-KDD15 and KL50-KDD10 treatments, respectively. There were 4 rabbits with balanced sex per experimental unit and the trial lasted 8 weeks. The apparent nutrient digestibility was measured in 7 days for the 11- week old rabbits.  The results showed that DM, OM and ME intakes were significantly higher (p>0.05) with increased KL and decreased KDD, while CP and EE intakes were the highest (p

The study was conducted on a layer farm belonged to Emivest Vietnam Co., Ltd in Binh Phuoc province to evaluate the effects of indoor environmental factors such as temperature (oC), relative humidity (%), air velocity (m/s), concentration of O2 (%), NH3, H2S, CO and CH4 (ppm) in houses and the presence of fecal Escherichia coli and Eimeria spp. on egg production, feed intake, egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion ratio of Hisex Brown layers. Hens were kept in tunnel ventilated house divided into four positions, with 20,000 hen capacity (4 hens in a cage at a stocking density of 472 cm2/hen). Hen manure was directly dropped below the cage and removed every 6 to 8 days. A temperature and humidity control system and exhaust fans were located in the front and the end of the house. The results showed that after removing manure, concentration of NH3 was gradually increased from front to the end of house, but still remained below exposure limit value and no harmful gases such as CO, H2S, and CH4 were detected. Number of fecal Escherichia coli and Eimeria spp. was in a normal range. Location of cage did not impact on egg production, but egg weight and feed conversion ratio were decreased.

This survey was carried out at Song Hau dairy farm, Long Hoa dairy co-operative of Can Tho City and Evergrowth co-operative of Tran De district in Soc Trang province. A total of 923 crosssbred cows (Holstein Friesian x lai Sind - HF) including 90 F1, 390 F2, 387 F3 and 56 F4 cows were surveyed, however the number of F1 and F4 cows were not enough for evaluating some criteria. The results showed that live weight and body measurement of F4 cows from 1 to 19 months of age were higher than those of F2 and F3. A 305-day lactation yield of F3 cows was the highest (4.179±54,9 kg), followed by F2 (4.057±27,5 kg) and F1 (3.477±91,5 kg). The age at the first estrus and at first pregnancy was respectively 18.5 and 21.7 months for the F1, 17.6 and 20.8 months for the F2 and 17.6 and 20.4 months for the F3 cows. The conception ratio (number of inseminations/conception) was 2.4 for the whole herd with the highest for the F3 cows (2.80), followed by F2 (2.4) and F1 (2.0). Time for the estrus exposed after calving was 45.5; 45.2 and 44.1 days for the F1, F2 and F3 cows, respectively. The conclusion was that the size and live weight of the F4 cows were higher than those of the others, while the higher milk productivity was for the F3 crossbred cows. There was an increase of artificial insemination time for conception and the estrus after calving from F2, F3 and F4 cows.

The study aimed to survey the prevalence of Fascioliasis in cattle in the Mekong Delta. A total of 2768 fecal samples and 773 necropsies cattle from 3 provinces (Ben Tre, Tra Vinh, Soc Trang) were collected to have liver flukes examined. Albendazole was evaluated its effecicacy in 30 infected cattles, having the Fasciola infective intensity from 2+. The results showed that cattles in Mekong Delta were infected by Fasciola with 15.30%. The infection rate of Fasciola in cattle in Ben Tre occupied the highest rate of 15.97%, followed by Tra Vinh with 15.78%, and the lowest one was in cattles in Soc Trang (14.33%). Domestic cattle had the higher infection rate than that of Sind hybrids cattle (16.28% and 15.73%, respectively), while dairy cows had the lowest infection rate with 7.07%. The infection rate increased in accordance with the host's ages. Methods of farming husbandry also had obvious effects on the prevalence of Fasciola sp. on cattle, namely 19.18% and 8.86% on partly free-range and confined cattle, respectively. All collected liver flukes in cattle in Mekong Delta were identified as Fasciola gigantica. The necropsied method also provided the similar results like the feces examination. The prevalence of Fasciola infection in cattle was 17.21%. The infection rate in Ben Tre, TraVinh and SocTrang province was 17.78%; 17,51% and 16.26%, repectively. The efficacy of single-oral dose (15mg/kg) Albendazole against Fasciola in 10 days treatment was 100% (no Fasciola eggs in stool samples). Albendazole was generally safe with no side-effects recorded during the experiment period.

A total of 1920 ducks from Binh Dinh, Phu Yen and Khanh Hoa provinces were examined by post-mortem method in order to study epidemiology of small liver fluke in ducks. The results showed that small liver flukes were only detected in Binh Dinh province with 19.31%. The prevalence of liver flukes in ducks in Tuy Phuoc, Phu My, An Nhon, Phu Cat districts (plain region) were higher than that in An Lao, Van Canh districts (mountainous region). Ducks raised in semi-intensive and intensive systems had the infected rate of 20.28% and 18.22 %; respectively (P>0.05). Ducklings from 1 day to 8 weeks old were not detected to have any liver flukes. However, the infectious rate of liver flukes in replacement ducks (9-24 weeks old) and in layer ducks (over 24 weeks old) was 11.22% and 32.12%; respectively (P

In recent years, a large quantity of ducks in the Mekong Delta died from a new disease referred to as “cum can” by local farmers. The disease with symptoms such as neck flaccid paralysis, paralyzed wings and no typical lesions, which are similar to "limberneck" caused by neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum (botulin) as described formerly in the USA. During the first 6 months of 2016, 50 serum samples of duck with symptoms as described above were collected for the diagnosis using a standard mouse bioassays as described by CDC (1998). Both of unprocessed and heat-treated serum specimens were injected into the abdominal cavity of 2 groups of mice and the symptoms were observed within 7 days. The results showed that 37/50 of  unprocessed serum samples were lethal to mice, accounting for 74%, while all heat-treated serum samples before inoculation were nonlethal for mice. Before death, most experimented mice had symptoms of depression, poor movement, difficult respiration and paralysis of hindquarters. The hemorrhagic lesions were found on the surface of liver (86.05 %), lung (83.72 %), and heart (72.09 %) of mice which died after inoculating the serum of sick duck. The results of mouse bioassays showed that "cum can" disease of ducks in Mekong delta was probably caused by neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum.

The study was to determine Leptospira infection in rats in Kien Giang province and Hon Dat district by micro agglutination test (MAT) with 18 serogroups of Leptosira. The results showed that the seroprevalence rate of Leptospira infected rats in Kien Giang was 22.73% (20/88), in which rate in street rats (Rattus novergicus) was19.18%(14/73) and 46.15% (6/15) in house rats (Rattus rattus). Common serogroups in rats were L. semaranga (14.29%), L. grippotyphosa (9.52%) and L. ballum (9.52%). The highest intensity of serogroup infection in an individual of rats was of 4(2/20, 10%), 3 serogroup(5/20, 25%), and 2 serogroup(6/20, 30%). Nghiên cứu này nhằm xác định tỷ lệ nhiễm Leptospira trên chuột tại thành phố Rạch Giá và huyện Hòn Đất của tỉnh Kiên Giang bằng thử nghiệm vi ngưng kết (M.A.T) với 18 serogroup Leptospira. Kết quả khảo sát cho thấy, tỷ lệ nhiễm Leptospira trên chuột tại tỉnh Kiên Giang là 22,73%(20/88), trong đó chuột cống(Rattus novergicus) nhiễm với tỷ lệ là 19,18%(14/73) và chuột nhà (Rattus rattus) nhiễm 46,15%(6/15). Các serogroup phổ biến trên chuột là: L. semaranga(14,29%), L. grippotyphosa(9,52%) và L. ballum(9,52%). Cường độ nhiễm serogroup trên 1 cá thể chuột cao nhất là 4 serogroup(2/20, 10%), 3 serogroup(5/20, 25%) và 2 serogroup (6/20, 30%).

This study was conducted to determine the variation of pork’s quality in observational, physical and chemical, and microorganisms indicators by time and temperature in total of 336 pork samples at slaughterhouses, markets and supermarkets in Can Tho city, Long Xuyen city, An Giang province and Binh Minh district, Vinh Long province. At markets with room temperature (28-32oC), there were changes in meat sensory, physical and chemical such as pH, H2S (26.39%) after 6 hours and it increased as time progressed. Pork preservation in cool condition (15-18oC) and cold temperature (5-8oC), the pH was less altered and H2S and NH3 were not detected. Total aerobic bacteria count, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella were increased in quantity by time and storage conditions. Pork in markets with the number of bacterial contamination was higher than that in supermarkets in refrigeration condition. The quality of porks rate adapted the standards (Vietnam standards 7046:2009) 9 hours after slaughtered in 3 selling conditions of observational, physical and chemical, and microbiological rates with 0%, 44.44%, 0% in markets, 100%, 100% and 0% in supermarkets,  100%, 100% and 16.67% in Metro, respectively. Level of microbial contamination in manual slaughterhouse was higher than that in semi-manual slaughterhouse with 1.17 and 10.5 times more E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.

This study aimed to examine probiotic properties of 21 Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from soil and feces on chicken farms in the Mekong Delta. Parameters consisted of the ability to produce extracellular enzymes and antagonistic activity. The results showed that all B.subtilis strains were sensitive to 5 kinds of antibiotics (Enrofloxacin, Doxycycline, Norfloxacin, Sulfadimidin – trimethoprim), and the lowest sensitivity level was recorded for Colistin (5%). Ten of 21 strains could produce three extracellular enzymes namely amylase, protease and lipase. In addition, the AG27, AG60, VL05, VL28 strains exhibited the antimicrobial activities against bacteria such as E.coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. The primary results suggest that four strains of AG27, AG60, VL05, VL28 have the potential to be used as probiotic in poultry.

The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of infection and detection of genes coding for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) on E. coli isolated from chickens at slaughterhouses in Vinh Long province. Overall, 180 samples (45 lung samples, 45 liver samples, 45 meat samples and 45 fecal samples) of 45 chickens at three slaughterhouses were analyzed by the combined disk diffusion method. The results showed that 51.11% of chickens infected ESBL-producing E. coli in all slaughterhouses. From  chickens with positive results, 69 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were selected for the antibiotic susceptibility test to 13 antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The results additionally indicated  that these isolates were resistant to 1-9 antibiotics. The resistance was most frequently observed to beta-lactams including ampicillin (100%), cefaclor (100%) and cefuroxime (98.55%); however, these isolates were still sensitive to amikacin (98.55%) and fosfomycin (84.06%). Through 10 tested isolates by PCR method, the prevalence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV genes was determined to be 100%, 90% and 80% respectively.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of glutamic acid supplementation levels in diets on growth performance, carcass quality and nutrient digestibility of growing Californian rabbits. Sixty Californian rabbits at 42 days of age were arranged in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Five treatments were glutamic acid supplementation with levels of 0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8 g/rabbit/day corresponding to G0, G0.2, G0.4, G0.6 and G0.8 treatments, respectively. Each experimental unit consisted of four rabbits with 2 males and 2 females. The apparent nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention of the rabbits were measured at 70 days of age in 7 days.  This experimental period lasted 10 weeks. The results showed that nutrient intakes were not significantly different (P>0.05) among treatments. Daily weight gain was improved for the rabbits supplemented glutamic acid with significantly higher value (19.8 g/rabbit/day) (P

This study was implemented at the experimental farm from the collaboration between Can Tho University and JIRCAS (Japan) of the College of Rural Development, Can Tho University, aiming to determine the effect of coconut oil levels on the emission of CH4 and CO2 of Lai Sind cattle. The experimental design was Latin Square with 4 treatments of supplemental levels in diets of 0, 1, 2, and 3% coconut oils (DM basis) corresponding to DD0, DD1, DD2 and DD3 treatments on 4 male Lai Sind cattle of 213±27.6 kg. The results showed that dry matter intake (DMI) of the DD0 treatment (4.80kg/day) was significantly higher (p0.05) among the treatments. The CH4 production (L/day) gradually reduced from the DD0 to the DD3 treatment (from 164 to 110) and was significantly different (p0.05) among the treatments. The results indicated that when supplementing coconut oil diets from 1.0 to 3.0%, the CH4 emissions and DMI of cattle were gradually reduced, yet the differences between digestible DM, OM, CP and NDF intake and rumen parameters were not found.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of coconut meal protein replacing dietary protein on growth rate, carcass quality and economic return of growing Guinea fowls. One hundred and fifty Guinea fowls at 28 days of age were arranged in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Five treatments were of 5 different coconut cake meal protein levels of 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30% replacing dietary protein corresponding to the KDD0, KDD7.5, KDD15, KDD22.5 and KDD30 treatments, respectively. There were 10 chicken per experimental unit and the trial lasted 10 weeks. The results showed that DM, OM and CP intakes were not significantly different (p>0.05) among treatments, while EE and ME intakes were significantly higher (p

In order to diversify the products made from brown rice, study on processing and preservation of germinated brown rice milk (GBRM) was done. To do that, the liquefaction of starch from GBR was carried out by changing the concentration of α-amylase from 0.2-0.5%, the ratio of substrate concentration of rice and water from 20-50%. The time for hydrolysis was from 10-60 minutes. Next, the process of saccharification have investigated the effects of concentrations from 0.15 to 0.25% glucoamylase for 20-180 minutes and time efficiency on brix, DE value, γ-oryzanol function as well as GABA amount. Hydrolyzed liquid were blended with skim milk at ratio 5-15%. Then, the sterilization of the product was realized for 3-10 minutes at 121oC. The results showed that the highest efficiency in liquefaction process obtained with substrate concentration of 50%, α-amylase ratio of 0.4%, the hydrolysis time of 60 minutes. The product quality values were 29.24 Brix, DE = 10.82%; The efficient saccharification with enzyme ratio 0.25% for 120 minutes.The product quality value were 38.77Brix, DE = 39.48% the γ-oryzanol, GABA contents didn’t change during hydrolysis. With 10% skim milk powderand 8% sugar the product had the best quality.The bottled product was sterilized at 121oC for 4 minutes with the value of 8,07, .Levels of GABA and γ-oryzanol in the products were constant. The product was preserved for 3 months at room temperature without changing the functional substance  contents.

The study was performed to find optimally hydrolyzing conditions using Alcalase® 2.4L for loin pork meat at the same time to keep the vitamin B1 loss at minimal level aiming at production of enteral feeding product. The main aim of this study was to determine conditions for the hydrolysis of meat in order to shorten the time and increase the efficiency of hydrolysis of meat, on the other hand ensure that the loss of vitamin B1 is minimal. The enzymatic hydrolysis was optimized for minimum viscosity of the hydrolysate using response surface methodology. The hydrolysis of pork loin meat by the commercial protease, Alcalase® 2.4L, was studied to evaluate the influence of pH (6.5 to 8.5), temperature (55 to 75°C), enzyme: substrate ratio (0.5% to 2.5%), and time (180 min to 300 min) on the responses of viscosity of the hydrolysate. The results showed that, the most appropriate conditions for pre-cooking prior to hydrolysis included pork loin meat to water ratio of 1.5/1, pre-cooking temperature of 80oC and duration of 5 minutes. With these conditions, the remaining vitamin B1 content was kept at level of 0.611 mg/100 g. The optimum conditions for hydrolysis of pork loin meat using commercial protease, Alcalase® 2.4L, included temperature of 64.6°C, enzyme to substrate ratio of 1.77% (w/w), duration of 256 minutes and pH value of 7.54. With these conditions, viscosity of hydrolysate reached a value of 2.4 cP, while the level of hydrolysis reached a maximum of 56.58%. A characterization of the protein hydrolysate showed that the hydrolysate fraction of molecular weights smaller than 50 kDa accounted for 60.07%.

Street vended foods are becoming popular in Vietnam as they are convenient, attractive and cheap. However, hygienic conditions which the street vendors operate are frequently not ideal, and may result in microbial contamination and foodborne diseases. In this study, the microbiological contamination of street food in Cantho city was therefore evaluated. Sandwiches, mixed rice-paper salad, sugarcane juice and pennywort juice were analysed for total aerobic bacteria and total yeasts and moulds. This study found that total aerobic bacteria of the sugarcane and pennywort juice varied 5.4-7.3 log CFU/mL and 4.4-8.1 log CFU/mL, respectively. The total yeasts and moulds of the those samples were between 4.3-5.0 log CFU/mL and 2.2-4.7 log CFU/mL, respectively. As observed for the sugarcane and pennywort juice, the total aerobic bacteria and total yeasts and moulds of the sandwiches were 6.6-7.4 log CFU/g and 3.8-5.7 log CFU/g, respectively. The total aerobic counts of 4.3-5.7 log CFU/g and the total yeasts and  moulds of 2.8-5.5 log CFU/g were found on the mixed rice-paper salad. All street food samples exceeded the microbiology criteria recommended by Vietnamese regulation (Ministry of Health). These preliminary findings highlighted that the high contamination of microbiology on street vended foods in Cantho city may be one of the food safety issues; therefore, it needs to be controlled more strictly.

IR50404 rice variety was determined as one of the promising varieties of rice for producing germinated brown rice (GBR). To determine the influence of factors such as levels of glutamic acid, CaCl2 to soak and germinate capabilities in pilot scale. The brown rice was soaked in various concentration of glutamic acid as well as CaCl2 (0-1% independently) at optimal pH. Then, they were incubated in a incubator which had maximum yield of 30 kg/batch at temperatures between 36 – 38oC, granular layer thickness of 0.3 – 0.9 cm, 24 hour incubation period. The results showed that the optimal conditions of IR50404 soaked when glutamic acid supplement of 0.6% was the best, GABA levels increased from 55.87 mg/kg of DM when soaked in pH 3 adding 0.6% glutamic acid to 141.94 mg/kg DM (increase of 2.54 times). In optimal incubation conditions of 36°C and 0.9 cm thickness, concentration of GABA from GBR of IR50404 was 269.23 mg/kg DM (up 1.9 times compared with the levels of GABA in the soaking conditions only at optimal pH. When soaked with different concentrations of CaCl2, resulting in no significant difference compared to additional conditions. The results showed that only glutamic acid affected the germination process while CaCl2 was not affected to GABA biosynthesis. With this incubator equipment which designed for this study, annealing temperature was similar to the laboratory scale, but the thickness of the layer of particles and space of cabinets greatly affected the ability of GABA from GBR.

The study was carried out with the purpose of isolation and selection of lactic acid bacterial strains which have highly antibacterial activity from fermented small melon (Cucumis melo L.). This was the basis for the improvement and enhancement of the quality of fermented products. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was isolated from fermented small melon at various fermentation periods. It was found that 19 isolates had opalescent or milky white colonies, rod cells, spherical and chain cells and exhibited a clear zone and growth on MRS agar supplemented with CaCO3. Only 9 strains showed good inhibition zone diameters on agar when Bacillus subtilis; Salmonella enteritidis; Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used as indicators for detection of antagonistic activity. The strains which exhibited the widest zones of inhibition against all the indicator were L22, L61, L64 and L123. Using 16s rDNA sequence analysis, L22 was identified as P. acidilactici, while L123, L61, L64  were similar levels over 99% of the 16S rRNA gene sequence with Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus brevis, respectively.

Pulsed light is a novel nonthermic technology to potentially decontaminate surfaces and foods by killing microorganisms using an intense broad spectrum. This review presents basic knowledges about this technology in terms of principle, effects on microorganisms in vitro and in foods, inactivation mechanisms, limits and main factors affecting the efficiency of the technology

The effect of process variables was studied for maximum conversion efficiency of rice bran starch to glucose using crude amylase preparations. The liquefaction process (hydrolysis of starch from rice bran) was conducted at temperature range from 70 to 90oC during 5 to 15 minutes and α-amylase doses 0.75 to 1.25%. The saccharification by using glucoamylase doses 0,75 to 1,25%, temperatures range from 60 to 80oC for 90 to 150 minutes. Full factorial experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) were used in the design of experiments and analysis of results. It was observed that RSM was meaningful and satisfactory conditions based on 81 experimental units in each hydrolysis step. The predicted model for the lowest viscosity (14,82 cP) and the highest soluble solid content (13,37oBrix) was obtained at the optimal hydrolysis conditions (temperature of 90oC, α-amylase dose 1,17% and 13,36 min of hydrolysis). Reducing sugar content reached optimal efficiency (9,52%) by glucoamylase dose 1% at temperature and hydrolysis time of 73,85oC and 137,52 minutes, respectively.

Purple shallot (Allium cepa) contains abundant bioactive compounds that are good for human health. This work investigated the feasibility of pretreatments including steaming (60÷120 seconds) and drying at 50÷90oC for 2÷6 hours to assist the extraction of bioactive compounds from red onion. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction variables: ethanol concentration (40÷60%), extraction temperature (40÷60oC) and time (50÷70 min). Total quercetin content of onion extract was analyzed. The results showed that both steaming and drying could improve the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from the onion. The highest quercetin content that was 0,7 mg/g, were obtained in those extracts when onions were dried at 90oC for 4 hours prior to extraction. The statistical results illustrated that quadratic equations for four responses were significant and presented the coefficients of determination above 95%, indicating their suitability for prediction responses. Based on desirability function, the optimum operating conditions were found to be ethanol concentration of 50,81% v/v, extraction temperature of 50,27oC for 62,86 min. With these optimal conditions, the quercetin content in the extract was 1,255 mg/g.

Garlic is important source of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the pretreatments on the bioactive compounds of garlic (i.e. total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content) and antioxidant activities by 1.1 -diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH). Three pretreatment methods of garlic were used, namely (i) steam blanching at temperature of 100oC for 4, 6, 8, 10 min, (ii) freezing at temperature of -18oC for 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours, (iii) combine of steam blanching at temperature of 100oC (4÷10 min) and freezing at temperature of -18oC (12÷48 hours). The results showed the total phenolic content,  flavonoid and antioxidant activities of garlics that were blanched for 6 min or were frozen for 36 hours or were treated by combining of steam blanching for 8 min and freezing for 36 hours shown higher than those of other treatments. Among the pretreatment conditions, frozen garlic for 36 hours had the greatest impact on the total phenolic content, flavonoid and antioxidant activities of garlic (5.181 mgGAE/g; 1.438 mgQE/g và 64.148%, respectively) compared to other treated and control samples (4.041 mgGAE/g; 1.199 mgQE/g and 53.993%, respectively). These results indicated that freezing can promote the generation of functional materials.

Garlic was heated at temperatures ranging from 150, 160, 170oC for 30, 35, 40 min. The total phenolic, flavonoid, free radical scavenging activity (DPPH%) and sensory characteristics of heated garlic samples were analysed. Optimization for heated garlic was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). The combined effects of heating conditions on the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity were studied using a three-level two-factor Box–Behnken design. The results showed that RSM application for heated garlic showed a good correlation. The optimum conditions for the treated samples were found (temperature of 160.71°C for 36.14 min). Optimum values (the total polyphenol, flavonoid and antioxidant activity) were obtained as 6.69 mgGAE/g, 2.78 mgQE/g, 73.54%, respectively and higher than in the untreated samples (4.94 mgGAE/g, 2.06 mgQE/g, 55.52%, respectively). The high correlation coefficient of experimental and predicted values was found. Using the logistic regression methodology described the product overall acceptance, the sensory evaluation of the product heated at 160oC for 37.50 min, had a significantly stronger acceptance than the other heating conditions. However, the optimal condition of TPC, TFC and DPPH was not significantly differrent the one of sensory evaluation, therefore, the garlic should be treated at 160,71oC for 36,14 min.

The aim of the research is to set up the processing and storing procedures for dry fish produced from snakehead fish farmed in Dong Thap Province using combined hurdle technology – controlling the water activity (aw), packaging conditions, and storage temperature. The product achieved high sensory value, stable color and low water activity of 0.63 ÷ 0.65 when the fish was soaked in 20% sodium chloride solution for 2 hours, dried the surface before being marinated with 3% sorbitol and 1.5% glycerin and dried at temperatures 50°C to moisture content of 30%. The product ensured safety regarding microbiological indicators, heavy metals and water activity of lower than 0.70 after 3 months of storage at room temperature (28÷30°C), after 6 months of storage at low temperature (4÷6°C) when preserved by PA packaging with 80% vacuum. The yield of the processing was 3.64 ± 0.07 to 3.57 ÷ 3.71 kg of snakehead per  kg of product.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a pulsed light (PL) technology on the shelf-life and organoleptic qualities of meat products. First, the effect of PL on aerobic flora and P. fluorescens were investigated. A maximum microbial decontamination, 3.4 log (CFU/g), was found in the case of roast pork (RP) and consequently, an improved RP shelf-life was found. Then samples were evaluated in terms of lipid peroxidation. No lipid peroxidation was observed for PL treatments inferior or equal to 10 J.cm-2. Conversely, an increase of 25.5% MDA content was found for RP samples treated at 30 J.cm-2. In conclusion, PL had a potential for inactivation of both, aerobic flora and P. fluorescens, but applying strong fluencies (i.e. 30 J.cm-2) increased lipid oxidation phenomenon.

The study was conducted in order to determine the effect of precipitating agents on the efficient purification of protease extracted from two species shrimp head (black tiger shrimp head (Penaeus monodon) and white shrimp head (Penaeus vannamei). The ratio of crude enzyme extraction and precipitating solvents (ie. ethanol, acetone, iso-propanol) carried out at various ratios from 1:1 to 1:6 (v/v). The concentration of ammonium sulfate in crude enzyme extraction was used in ranged from 35% to 85%. The precipitating time of the best precipitation agent was also performed. The results showed that ethanol (99.5%) gave the highest potential for precipitation of both crude enzyme extraction. By using the crude protease extracted from the black tiger shrimp head, the enzyme specific activity, the protease yield and the purity degree reached 3.49 U/mg protein, 87.46% and 3.78 fold, respectively when, the ratio of material: ethanol was 1:4 (v/v) and 45 minutes of precipitation. Whereas, shrimp head to ethanol ratio 3: 1 (v/v) and precipitation time of 30 minutes were the best parameters for the precipitation of protease from white shrimp head. The obtained specific activity of the enzyme, the protease yield and the purity degree were 2.04 U/mgprotein, 85.66% and 3.23 fold, respectively. With the both proteases, the molecular weight was estimated to be in the 35.8 to 40.5 kDa by using SDS-PAGE.

The manufacture of most fermented sauce involves two fermentation stages - the koji stage and the moromi stage. Fermented sauce has been widely used as one of the main seasoning agents in Asian countries. Koji describes the preparation in which selected species of mold are grown on cooked materials. Koji serves as a source of enzymes that breakdown or hydrolyze natural plant constituents into simpler compounds. Koji for soy sauce is made from steamed oyster mushroom (Pleurotus Spp.) and wheat flour addition, with Aspergillus oryzae used as koji starter. Enzymes produced by Aspergillus oryzae play an important role in koji stage, which is one of two steps of fermentation process. Using oyster mushroom, the study aimed to investigate the influence of steaming temperature and time (80, 90, 100oC and 0, 2, 4, and 6 min, respectively) and wheat flour supplement (0, 10 and 20%) on amylase and protease activities during koji stage. The results showed that the highest activities of amylase and protease were immediately obtained (0 min – the sample was taken at the temperature has just reached 90oC) when oyster mushroom was steamed at 90oC and 10% of wheat flour was added. The highest amylase and protease activities were 37.12 and 8.90 Unit/g of dry weight. Moreover, increase of enzyme activities on koji correlated with growth of this mold. The spores of Aspergillus oryzae (growth of mold through the formation of mycelium on koji surfaces) were formed after 30 hours of cultivation period. Additionally, the highest amylase and protease activities were also shown in this stage (62.45 and 13.25 Unit/g of dry weight, respectively).

Study on changes of α-amylase activity (AA), starch, amylose, reduced sugar (RS) under different soaking conditions like pH values (3÷6), optimal pH added with various rice bran (RB) extract (3÷7%) as well as acid glutamic (GA) (0.2÷0.6%), then germinated at 37o­C for 20 to 28 hours were done. The result showed that optimal pH for both IR50404 and Mot Bui Do (MBD) was 50oC and pH 5. Optimal pH for soaking of MBD in 6 hours was pH 4 while pH 3 for IR50404. Maximal AA of MBD was 60.42 (UI/g) and the highest RS as 37.31 (mg/g); Maximal AA of IR50404 was 58.38 (UI/g) and the highest RS as 37.74 (mg/g). Both MBD and IR50404 was affected by RB extract when the tendency of AA was decreased after increasing RB extract to 5%. Both MBD and IR50404 was also affected by GA. The tendency of AA was decreased slowly when increased GA. AA was just statistical difference when GA as 0.6%. The results indicated that each rice variety had different optimal pH, optimal pH which supplemented by 7% RB extract as well as 0.4% GA to soaking condition showed without any changes of AA.

To understand more about the soaking and germination of pre-germinated brown rice, firstly, study on changes of enzyme GAD activity and glutamic acid content of two rice varieties as MBD and IR50404 under different soaking conditions like different pH values (3÷ 6), optimal pH value added with various rice bran extract (3÷7%), optimal pH value added with various acid glutamic (0.2÷0.6%) were done. Secondly, the brown rice after soaked in three optimal soaking conditions from the previous experiments were incubated at 37o­C for 20 to 28 hours to determine the changes of various GAD activity as well as glutamic acid content during the germination. The results showed that optimal pH value for soaking in 6 hours of MBD was pH 4 while pH 5 for IR50404. Maximal GAD activity of MBD was 12.069 UI/g, glutamic acid content was 1337.950 mg% while for IR50404, maximal GAD activity was 15.475 UI/g, glutamic was 1410.150 mg%. When supplemented with 0.6% glutamic acid, GAD activity increased considerably in both rice varieties, 20.148 UI/g for IR50404 and 18.811 UI/g for MBD. Rice bran extract did not affect to these parameters. During the germination, after 28 hours incubation, when supplemented with 0.6% glutamic acid in soaking stage, the GAD activity increased higher than value of control sample as well as values of rice bran extract samples in germination stage. Maximal GAD activity was 37.108 UI/g for IR50404 while 34.527 UI/g for MBD. The results indicated that just glutamic acid affected to GAD during germinated brown rice production.

Garlic is important source of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the pretreatments on the bioactive compounds of garlic (i.e. total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content) and antioxidant activities by 1.1 -diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH). Three pretreatment methods of garlic were used, namely (i) steam blanching at temperature of 100oC for 4, 6, 8, 10 min, (ii) freezing at temperature of -18oC for 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours, (iii) combine of steam blanching at temperature of 100oC (4÷10 min) and freezing at temperature of -18oC (12÷48 hours). The results showed the total phenolic content,  flavonoid and antioxidant activities of garlics that were blanched for 6 min or were frozen for 36 hours or were treated by combining of steam blanching for 8 min and freezing for 36 hours shown higher than those of other treatments. Among the pretreatment conditions, frozen garlic for 36 hours had the greatest impact on the total phenolic content, flavonoid and antioxidant activities of garlic (5.181 mgGAE/g; 1.438 mgQE/g và 64.148%, respectively) compared to other treated and control samples (4.041 mgGAE/g; 1.199 mgQE/g and 53.993%, respectively). These results indicated that freezing can promote the generation of functional materials.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of food additives (sodium chloride, cryoprotectants and modified starch) on gel formation of frozen fried fish bologna which was processed from cultured snakehead fish meat. In this research, the influence of NaCl (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2%), cryoprotectants (mixture of sucrose and sorbitol at ratio of 1:1 changes from 0 to 4%) and modified starches (0, 2, 3 and 4%) on texture, color and water holding capacity (WHC) of frozen fried snakehead fish bologna were investigated. The results showed that, snakehead fish meat paste had high WHC, gel strength and whiteness of the product if the paste was added 1.5% NaCl, 3% cryoprotectants (1.5% sorbitol and 1.5% sucrose) and 3% modified starch. It indicated that the positive effect of added NaCl and hydrocolloids on texture properties of gel from snakehead fish meat.

Study on the effects of osmotic dehydration and vacuum frying on bioactive compounds in fried onion using vacuum technology were carried out. Osmotic dehydration of red onion slices was performed using solutions of maltodextrin (30 - 50% w/v), citric acid (0.1, 0.15 and 0.2%) and soaking times (15-45 min). Pretreated onion slices were fried at different temperatures ranging from 100 to 130oC for 4 to 10 min. Effects of osmotic dehydration and vacuum frying on bioactive compound contents (total phenolics, flavonoids) and free radical scavenging activity (antioxidant activity) of fried onion were evaluated. The results showed that the highest total phenolic content (12.033 mgGAE/g db), flavonoid content (1457.96 μgQE/g db) and antioxidant activity (78.6%) in fried red onions that were pretreated with maltodextrin concentration of 40%w/v, citric acid concentration at 0.15% for 30 min. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in fried red onion increased with increasing frying temperatures from 100 to 130oC while a decrease in total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was recorded as increase frying time from 4 to 10 min. The high antioxidant activity of fried red onion (74-76%) was obtained in those fried at 120oC for 4 to 6 min.

In this study, the pretreatment of purple sweet potato peel was conducted (steaming at 100oC for 4 min or not steaming combined drying at 50oC for 4 hours and control sample) to increase extraction efficiency of anthocyanin compounds. Optimization of purple sweet potato peel (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) anthocyanins extraction was investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), with ethanol concentrations (60, 70, 80%) at different extraction temperatures (40, 50, 60°C) and time (30, 45, 60 min). The combined effects of extraction conditions on anthocyanin content were studied using a three-level three-factor Box–Behnken design. The results showed that steaming of purple sweet potato peel at temperature of 100°C for 4 min, then drying at 50°C for 4 hours could increase extraction efficiency (anthocyanin content was 0.2%, increased 7 times compared to the control sample 0.03%). RSM was used to optimize the extraction parameters. The second order polynomial equation obtained (R2 = 0.94) indicated that extraction time mostly affected the extraction yield (as anthocyanin content). The optimal conditions (temperature, time and ethanol concentration) for extraction of anthocyanin were 51oC, 44 min and 68%, respectively. The experimental value of anthocyanin content was 0.274%. The experimental responses were reasonably closed to the predicted responses (R2= 0.93) and the optimum conditions of the extraction process were verified.

The research was conducted at Plant Protection Department, Can Tho University to screen actinomycete isolates able to control anthracnose disease on mango caused by Colletotrichum sp. The biocontrol ability of 3 actinomycete isolates, HG10, HG17 and HG21 was tested with 5 replications in nethouse conditions. The results showed that all three studied actinomycete isolates were able to control anthracnose disease on mango. The treatments with HG10 and HG21 applied before and applied twice (2 days before and after pathogen inoculation) showed ability to control the disease as high as  of Carbenzim treatment through two criteria: percentage of disease area and disease protection. They were 5.50, 6.25, 6.00 and 6.75 percent in percentage of disease area and 77.32. 74.22, 75.25 and 71.16 percent at 14 days after testing, respectively for isolates and application time. In addition, chitinase activity tested on chitin medium showed that HG10 isolate indicated high chitinolytic activity as the chitin lyses halo radius of 26.9mm at 7 days after testing.

The study was aimed to determine the situation of applying advanced technologies in rice production of Khmer ethnic farmers in Soc Trang province as well as the factors influencing their application. Data for the study were from interviewing 193 Khmer ethnic farmers farming rice in Soc Trang province in the 2015 crop. Descriptive statistical analysis and binary logistic regression were used. The results showed that the levels of applying advanced technological models in rice production were relatively low, just from 0% to 27.5% for almost models, except those of high quality rice varieties and verified rice seeds which were relatively high as of 53.9% and 60.6%, respectively. The factors positively affecting the application of advanced technological models were farmer’s education level, their participation in social organisations, their land area for rice cultivation, local authority’s consideration, the coverage of advanced technologies from extension staff and agricultural input suppliers.

Medicinal mushroom, Cordyceps militaris is an entomopathogenic fungus with many medicinal values similarly to Cordyceps sinensis and has been used for a long time in traditional medicines. Cordyceps militaris is able to grow and develop on artificial media. This study was aimed at examining the impact of nutritive ingredients on the growth of Cordyceps militaris to optimize the medium for fruiting body (sporocarp) and cordycepin production. The results showed that SDAY1 and SDAY3 media were suitable for the growth of Cordyceps militaris fungus; the medium of high protein white rice (ST20) added with 3% glucose, 1% yeast extract, 1% peptone, 0.01% kitin and vitamins B1, B12 was optimum where yielded fruiting body length from 5.82 to 7.94 cm at 60 days after culture, fresh fruiting body weight of 16.52±0.09 g and the cordycepin content in fruiting bodies of 5.56 mg/g.

Saline soils need to be reclaimed to maintain fertility levels for sustaining food production as they are of soil chemical constraints, leading to rice yields reduction. The experiment was established in a greenhouse to evaluate the effect of compost amendment and lime on improving some selected soil properties and rice yield in saline soils. Soil samples were collected from the fields under a shrimp-rice farming system at An Biên district, Kien Giang province. The results showed that application of inorganic fertilizer (60-20–20), 5 ton/ha of sugarcane filter cake compost or Bio-pro and 0.5 ton/ha lime resulted in an improvement of adverse properties of saline soil. The changes were found as reducing exchangeable Na+, Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP), and ECe, increasing of  soil  available nitrogen and phosphorus. Consequently, the growth rate and rice yield were increased significantly.

In vitro culture technique of callus cells on the medium containing selected agent of NaCl can help to create salt tolerant crop varieties. Callus of the MTD 760-4 soybean variety were cultured on the MS medium supplemented with NaCl at doses of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 g/L. The survival callus on the salt media were subcultured into the same medium in the four 5-week periods. The results showed that MTD 760-4 callus explants tolerable to salt dose of NaCl 5 g/L were selected with the survival rate of above 90% and the ability of salt tolerance was rather stable after four times of selection. The proline contents accumulated highly in callus explants at salt dose of 5 g/L.

The research was carried out to evaluate physical soil properties, soil water holding capacity and variation of available water in the dry season in typical agricultural soils (black pepper, durian and vegetable growing soils) at Phu Quoc district, Kien Giang province. The studied results showed that the soils have coarse texture (sandy loam) and high staturated hydraulic conductivity (81-2,285 mm/hour). In general, the bulk density of the studied soils (1.29 – 1.50 g/cm3) tended to increase over depths, whilst soil porosity (40.7 – 50.8%) tended to decline over depths. Soil available water content of the top soil layer (0-20 cm) in the dry season (end of December to March) was very low (27.1 – 30.5%) in January. The total available water within the depth of 100cm was below 30% (300 mm/m); therefore, the water holding and supplying capacity of the soils were low.

A comparative study of the root system structure characteristics of Solanaceae based on 31 genotypes from 3 important groups (aubergines, capsicums and tomatoes) in hydroponic culture versus in soil cultivation conditions. Quantitative traits were mainly obtained from measurements on high resolution images of different plant parts at several growth stages. Hydroponic culture helped to observe exactly the dynamic traits of roots, such as daily root growth rate and branching time of primordia. Results showed a decrease in root apex diameter, an increase in root growth rate, and a stable root branching density in hydroponic culture versus in soil cultivation. These results demonstrated the effects of changes in growing conditions on root system structure of the Solanaceae family.

The experiment was conducted at greenhouse for vegetable research, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, from June to August in 2014. The purpose was to determine the optimal heigtht of the aquarium water filter cotton substrate, which was suitable for hydroponic lettuce onwards large-scale production addressingclogging problems caused by coconut dusts in hydroponic systems. The experiment was set up in completely randomized design with 4 replications, 4 treatments including 4 heights of aquarium water filter cotton as substrate: (1) 1 cm, (2) 2 cm, (3) 3 cm and (4) 4 cm with a static hydroponic float system. Results showed that lettuce grown in specialized pots using aquarium water filter cotton at 4 cm in height gave the best growth in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf size (length and width), stem base diameter, root length and the highest total yield, commercial yield (238,6 and 169,7 g/m2, respectively). Hydroponic lettuce yields were proportional to the height of the aquarium water filter cotton substrate, the lowest yield obtained at 1 cm height (154.15 and 95.69 g/m2, respectively to the total and commercial yield).

The field experimentation was conducted during Winter- Autumn crop of 2015, at Can Tho University to select 2-3 mutant mungbean lines with synchrony of pod maturity, high yield and pest resistance. In addition, it is also the base for improving mungbean varieties. Twelve mungbean cultivars/lines with Taichung as the control were sown in a complete randomized block design (RCBD), with three replications. The spacing was maintained at 20 cm (plant to plant in a row) and 45 cm (between the rows), with 2 plants per hill. The plot size for each treament was 7.2 square metre. The applied fertilizer levels were 60N-60P2O5-40K2O. The results revealed that the pod maturity of twelve genotype was short ranged from 57 to 61 days. The three mutant lines including TC2-1-33-11, TC2-6-16-12, and TC2A-5-9-5 were characterized by synchronous maturity: their percentage of mature pods at the first harvest was higher than that of the control variety (100% vs. 87.6%). TC2-1-33-11, TC2-6-16-12, TC4-1-4-11, TC6-6-24-4 and TC8-3-16-9 lines were uninfected by seedlings rot, leaf spot disease and stem borer. TC2A-5-9-5 and TC8-3-16-9 had 1000 seed weight equivalent to that of Taichung and also gave the highest seed  yields (1.847 t/ha; 1.798 t/ha).  In general, the three muntant TC2A-5-9-5, TC8-3-16-9, TC2-1-33-11 were the promising lines with good agronomic traits, high yield and its components, as well as less infectious for pest and disease.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extraction methods and organic solvents on activity of antioxidant from Moringa oleifera leaves and stems. The results showed that antioxidant ability of Moringa oleifera leaves were higher than their stems. As using the same extracting solvent, content of antioxidant compounds in Soxhlet extraction method was higher than that in hot solvent extraction method. The efficiency of extraction by methanol was better than by ethanol. The highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of Moringa oleifera leaf were 9.68 mg GAE/g DM and 19.8 mg QE/g DM, respectively. The IC50 value was used to evaluate free radical scavenging ability by DPPH assay. The extract sample from Moringa leaves by methanol solvent and Soxhlet extraction method reached the lowest IC 50 value at 0.537 mg/mL concentration.

The study’s objective was to determine the characteristics of brown plant hopper (BPH) in transmission of Rice Grassy Stunt Virus (RGSV). Results showed that the incubation period of RGSV in BPH was 4.86 ± 1.63 days on average. The percentage of RGSV infected rice plants was as low as of 10.4% after 3 days and as high as of 45.6% after 15 days. The average incubation period of RGSV in rice plants was 18.83 ± 0.83 days and the transmission period of viruliferous BPH was consecutively from one to 11 days (average of 1.9 ± 1.8 days). The longevity of viruliferous BPH was 9.9 ± 5.2 days. The acquisition time for BPH taking RGSV was 30 minutes while the optimum time was 4 days. It needed at least 15 minutes for BHP transferring RGSV into the plants but the best time for virus transmission was 24 hours.

This study was conducted to recognize plant morphology of seedless Duong mandarin which was discovered at Dong Thap province in October 2014. The survey was done by collecting 30 samples of leaves, flowers, and fruits per tree of seedless Duong mandarin trees and seedy Duong mandarin trees in dry and rainy season. The description of plant morphology was based on IPGRI (1999). The results showed that, except some morphological characteristics unstable over seasons (some characteristics lower in the dry season such as leaf lamina length and width, petiole length, petal length, ovary height, fruit height, fruit diameter, fruit weight, peel thickness, pulp weight and juice pH, and a few higher in the dry season such as  Brix level and vitamin C content), the remaining surveyed morphological characteristics of leave, flower and fruit of the seedless Duong mandarin tree in dry season were not different from those in rainy season. In particular, the seedless trait of the seedless Duong mandarin tree remained stable over dry and rainy seasons.

The field experiment was conducted aiming to study the effects of tillage depths and rice straw incorporated treatments on the growth and yield of rice grown in acid sulfate soils in three rice cropping system, at Thap Muoi district, Dong Thap province, in the Autumn-Winter crop of 2015. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications of 15 treatments from 2 factors. The first factor - tillage depth - included: (1) notillage, (2) 5 cm tillage depth, (3) 10 cm tillage depth, (4) 15 cm tillage depth, and (5) 20 cm tillage depth. The second factor - treatment of incorporated rice straws - included (1) untreated, (2) treated with Trichomix-DT, and (3) treated with Dascella. The results showed that incorpoartion of rice straws treated with Dascella increased the number of tillers per m2, the hardness of internodes 4; the number fully grains per panicle, filled grain ratio, and grain yield. The 20 cm tillage depth increased rice plant height (60 days after sowing), root length (40 days after sowing), contents of chlorophyll a, b and a+b, the hardness of internodes 4; number fully grains per panicle, filled grain ratio, and grain yield. The combination of rice straw treated with Dascella and 20 cm tillage depth increased the hardness of internodes 4 and grain yield (5,34 tons/ha).

The research was conducted in the laboratory and nethouse of Plant Protection Department, Can Tho University to screen actinomycetes able to control sheath blight disease on corn caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The antibacterial ability of Actinomycete isolates was examined with 5 replications in laboratory conditions. The results showed that 2 actinomycete isolates KS – ST6b and TO – VL11d had strong antagonism with inhibition radius of 11,3mm and 12,8mm and antagonistic efficacy of 59.6% and 60.8% respectively at 48 hours after testing. The biocontrol ability of those 2 actinomycete isolates then was tested with 4 replications in nethouse conditions. The results showed that 2 actinomycete isolates, KS – ST6b and TO – VL11d, were able to control sheath blight disease on corn. The treatment of TO – VL11d twice applied at 2 days before and after inoculation indicated ability to control the disease at 15 days after testing as high as of Validan 3DD treatment.

The experiment was carried out from May 2014 to September 2014 in nethouse conditions at the Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University on rice (Oryza sativa L.) to determine the effects of saline water irrigation on yield and growth during different growth stages of rice of four different rice varieties. This experiment was in a complete randomized factorial design (CRD) including two factors (five replications) of four rice varieties (Pokkali (tolerance), IR 28 (sensitive), OM 5451 and IR 50404) and four saline irrigation stages (no saline irrigation water, 10 - 20 days after transplanting (DAT), 45 - 60 DAT, 10 - 20 and 45 - 60 DAT) using irrigation water with the salinity of 4‰. Experimental results showed that saline water irrigation affected the yield and growth of four surveyed varieties. Rice plants in saline irrigation treatment at the stage of 45 - 60 DAT gain height, number of shoots, yield components and the grain yield per pot better than those in saline irrigation treatments at the stage of 10 - 20 DAT or 10 - 20 and 45 - 60 DAT. In addition, OM 5451 rice variety maintained yield and growth better than IR 28 and IR 50404 rice varieties. The experiment needs to be tested in field conditions to evaluate the effects of salinity on yield and growth of four surveyed varieties.

The research was aimed to screen Actinomycete isolates which are able to control leaf blight and stem rot disease on lotus caused by Phytophthora sp.. Ninety-three actinomycete isolates were collected from lotus field in some provinces of the Mekong Delta. The preliminary testing determined 30 isolates capable inhibiting Phytophthora sp. growth in laboratory conditions. Testing the antagonistic ability against Phytophthora sp. of 30 actinomycete isolates done with 5 replications showed that 5 isolates CM18, HG3, HG4, TG1 and BL6 indicated higher stabler antagonistic ability than others tested and the best - CM18 isolate - could reduce mycelial growth of Phytophthora sp. within the radius of 16.75mm and antagonistic efficacy of 89.89% at 60 hours after inoculation. Besides, the testing β-glucanase productivity of these Actinomycetes on β-glucan medium conducded with 5 replications showed that CM18 isolate was the best with the β-glucan lyses halo radius of 10,81mm at 14 days after testing.Moreover, all tested actinomycete isolates were able to produce siderophore under hydroxamates form.

The conversion of soil map legend is a key issue of soil science for land use planning aimed to updating the soil type according to the latest system. In the recent years the change of land use strongly affects the properties and qualities of major soil groups. The study used the data from several projects has been previously carried out in the region, in combination with field surveys with the classification according to the WRB/FAO 2006 system. The conversion of legend of soil map classified by 1998 WRB system into soil map classified by 2006 system are done. According to the conversion result, there are 10 major soil groups: Albeluvisols, Alisols, Arenosols, Fluvisols, Gleysols, Histosols, Leptosols, Luvisols, Plinthosols and Solonchaks with 60 soil types found and named on the basic of the WRB 2006 system. Those soil types and map can be used for land suitability assessment and land use planning, which can be used for conservation of agricultural economic conversion for the Mekong delta in the sustainablility projection.

The experiment was aimed to identify species of the entomopathogenic virus by using a traditional method (observing symptoms and describing characteristics) and the molecular method based on PCR amplification with specific primers PSF002 and PER001 for nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV). There were 29 samples from the diseased larva of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected in the Mekong Delta. The results from observation and description of the symptoms, as well as the extraction of DNA and PCR amplification with specific primers PER001 and PSF002 indicated that 20 samples had unique fragments approximated 550 bp which was identified nucleopolyhedrovirus belonged to Baculoviridae family. They include seven strains collected in Vinh Long province, five strains in Dong Thap province, three strains in An Giang province and five strains collected in Can Tho city.

The cabbage webworm, Hellula undalis Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most serious insect pests on green mustards (Brassicaceae) in the Mekong delta of Vietnam. In order to supply basic information for establishment of effective control strategy, some biological characteristics of H. undalis on different green mustard cultivars and temperature were investigated at Mekong University. Results showed that green mustards and temperature effected on the development of H. undalis. Amongst 5 studied green mustards including Brassica integrifolia, B. juncea, Brassica sp., B. rapa chinensis (Brassicaceae) and Spinacia oleracea (Amaranthaceae), the life cycle of H. undalis was shortest (17.54 days) when larvae were fed with B. integrifolia leaves, while all the larvae fed with S. oleracea leaves died at the second instars. On the other hand, in a range from 16oC - 25oC, the lower the temperature the longer the development times of all stages of H. undalis (the life cycles were 61.25 days at 16oC, 32.17 days at 20oC and 25.14 days at 25oC).

The study is aimed to investigate the effect of two antagonistic Actinomyces strains (RM 21 and RM 4) and two fungicides (Talent 50 WP and Carban 50SC) in controlling anthracnose disease on chili caused by Colletotrichum sp. on detached fruits in vivo and in field conditions. The in vivo results showed that Talent 50 WP was the most effective in reduction of fungal infection on detached fruits, followed by Actinomyces strain RM 21, Carban 50SC and Actinomyces strain RM 4. In addition, spraying of actinomyces or fungicides one day before and after inoculation was more effective than spraying only before inoculation. In the field experiment, using single Actinomyces strain RM 21 or RM 4, or the mixture of two Actinomyces strains or combinations of Actinomyces with alternate application of Talent 50 WP (prochloraz) or Carban 50SC (carbendazim) were effective in reduction of anthracnose disease as compared to control treatment. Particularly, the treatments under application of fungicides and Actinomyces had higher yield of chili fruits than that of control treatment.

Damage situation of the sweet potato tuber moth (Nacoleia sp.) had been studied by farmer interview (with 97 households) and field investigation at Binh Tan district, Vinh Long province from October 2014 to June 2015. The results of the interview showed that most of farmers cultivating sweet potatoes (99.1%) planted Japanese Purple sweet potato variety with its growth duration was from 130 to 150 days. Interview results also showed that the sweet potato tuber moth was the most important target pest on sweet potatoes in Binh Tan district at this moment. There are more than 50% of households do not know about the sweet potato tuber moth. The others said that they did not know clearly the morphological characteristics, times and seasons it damaged. Farmers used averagely 22.8 times of spraying pesticides per sweet potato season for controlling insect pests and diseases, in which insecticides accounted for 15.9 times, fungicides for 4.6 times and herbicides for 2.3 times. In field investigation, the damage of Nacoleia sp. on sweet potato appeared at 58 days after planting and reached the highest rate at 69% at 91 days after planting.

The experiment was aimed to determine the effects of microbio-organic fertilizers in producing safe green gourd (Benincasa cerifera Savi) for consumption and processing industry. It was conducted on slight loamy soils at Nhon Tan village, Nhon An district of Binh Dinh province using microbio-organic fertilizers at dosages of 5 tons, 10 tons and 15 tons ha-1. The results showed that the microbio-organic fertilizers at 10 tons and 15 tons ha-1 resulted in some better  biochemical indicators, leading to increases in green gourd productivity and quality. It included increases in chlorophyll content, total nitrogen, ashes of leaves, dry matter content of green gourd (from 0.46% to 1.03%), vitamin C (from 5.15% to 8.69%), protein (from 0.74% to 1.38%), total sugar (from 0.22% to 1.54%) and calcium (by 0.13%). The microbio-organic fertilizer increased fruit productivity of green gourd from 31.71% to 35.67% and the profits by 20.820 million compared to the control.

This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of flowering, fruit development and of appearance time of the ‘black fiber’ phenomenon on jackfruit cv. Thai. Experiments were implemented on 4-year old jackfruit trees grown at Cai Rang district, Can Tho City from June 2014 to June 2015. Flowering characteristics and fruit development were observed from flower bud emergence until the completion of pollen release/fruit development. Fruits were harvested every 10 days for 11 times with 9 fruits each time to investigate fruit characteristics, quality and the appearance of the ‘black fiber’ phenomenon. Results showed that there are 3 types of flower spike, viz. male-female, female-female, male-male; the proportion of female-female spikes was over 50%. Fruit weight increased rapidly at the stage from 30 to 80 days after fruit set (DAFS), in which maximum weight was observed at 70 DAFS. Fruit quality parameters, i.e. Brix, TA, water content, and aril color, were stable at 90-100 DAFS and ready for harvesting. The ‘black fiber’ phenomenon appeared mainly in rainy season, at 30 – 90 DAFS.

Agriculture is an important sector in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), a major agricultural zone in Vietnam. Besides, the VMD has been identified as being particularly susceptible to the impacts of climatic variability. Land use systems in the coastal zones of the VMD have changed to improve local farmers’ income and to adapt to changes of socio-economic settings and natural conditions, especially in the climate change context. The data on natural conditions, current land use types, land use planning and scenarios of climate change (sea level rise and salinization) in VMD were collected. In this study, physical land suitability evaluation was implemented for 10 major land use types in the coastal provinces of the VMD (including: triple rice cropping, double rice cropping, single rice cropping, rice - cash crop rotation, rice – shrimp rotation, intensive shrimp, shrimp/mangrove, intensive sugarcane, intensive cash crop and fruit orchard) by using the land evaluation approach (FAO, 1976) in different scenarios. The results showed that there were 09 land suitability units of 10 major land use types in both the present and future climate change scenarios (2030 and 2050), and identified the dispute areas between of freshwater and salinity water affected to land use change in Kien Giang, Ca Mau, Bac Lieu, Soc Trang, Tra Vinh and Ben Tre. This study provided a good reference in orientation of agricultural land use planning and support adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate change in the future.

The result of the isolation and identification showed that sixteen Beauveria isolates parasitic on insects at 7 provinces in the Mekong Delta belong to one entomopathogenic Beauveria species, Beauveria bassiana. Colonies on PDA medium were normally white or white to pale yellow as mature. These isolates were characterized by conidiophores consisting of whorls and dense clusters of short conidiophorous cells with one-celled spherical (2.61 - 2.97 x 2.35 - 2.72 μm) or ovoid (2.24 - 2.28 x 2.23 - 2.24μm). Moreover, the result of the sequences of ITS - rDNA region reported that those 16 strains had a significantly considerable similarity (from 96.6% to 99.6%) compared to others on Genbank. The biological characteristics illustrated that 16 Beauveria bassiana isolates revealed a high germination rate (90%) at 24 hours after cultivation. High speed of mycelial growth and high density of spores was recorded (about [3.42 - 11.5 x 107 spores] x cm-2) at 14th - 18th day after cultivation. From primary results, 16 Beauveria bassiana isolates showed a high efficacy (94% at the 11th day after treatment) in controlling sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius Fabricius) in in-vitro condition.

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of N, P, K fertilizers application on cassava growth and yield on four acid sulphate soils in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The on-farm research was conducted in three different locations of acid sulphate soil, with each location considering as a replication. The treatments included (i) Fully fertilized plot (NPK); (ii) Potassium omission plot (NP); (ii) Phosphorus omission plot (NK); and, (iv) Nitrogen omission plot (PK). The result showed that, the treatment of applying 90 kg N ha-1 based 60 P2O5 - 90 K2O kg ha-1 increased cassava growth rate in the four acid sulphate soils, leading to increasing root tubers number, diameter and cassava yield compared to treatment without nitrogen fertilizer applied. Casava yield responsed well to N than P and K fertilizier. Cassava yield reached the greatest on acid sulphate soils in the Depressed area of Hau River (16.9 tons ha-1) followed by the Plain of Reed (13.6 tons ha-1), the acid sulphate soils in the Long Xuyen Quadrangle (11.0 tons ha-1), and the Ca Mau Peninsula (12.0 tons ha-1). There was the need to study effect of N, P, K dosage on cassava yield in order to have proper recommendation for the acid sulphate soils use and management.

The study was conducted at the Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University to assess the ability to elicit induced systemic resistance against blast disease of some strains of Bacillus spp. isolated from rice fields. In the experiment, inducing bacteria and challenging pathogen remained temporally separated, more specifically, Bacillus spp. were applied by seed soaking and foliar spray on rice at 16 days after sowing (DAS) and disease infection was on 20 DAS. Results showed that Bacillus isolates-P78, -P81, -P84 and B. amyloliquefaciens are potential systemic resistance elicitors against rice leaf blast disease. Their all blast disease suppression levels were about 90% as compared to the control treatment. In the rice plants treated with the Bacillus-P84, P81 and B. amyloliquefaciens, there was an increase in the activity of β-1,3- glucanase and chitinase, which may be related to the ability of systemic resistance induced by Bacillus against rice blast disease.

The survey was aimed to understand the fruit cracking phenomenon and its relationship with physiological-biochemical characteristics of fruits. The survey was begun in March 2014 and ended in July 2014. Fruit samples were collected randomly from 30 rambutan trees (4 years old) in one orchard under the same care regime at My Khanh Commune – Phong Dien District – Can Tho City. The first collection was on March 15th, 2014 (two weeks after fruit set) with the interval of 15 days. Results showed that fruit cracking occurred when fruits began to mature (after 12 weeks of fruit set) and then increased until harvest. Heavy rain during rapid fruit flesh growth periods but the peel of fruit has stopped growing and low total Ca2+ content in the peel are factors related to fruit cracking. At harvest time, the cracking fruits had thin–peel and total Ca2+ content were lower than those in the normal ones. There is a strong positive correlation between the ratio of fruit cracking and total Ca2+ content as well as peel thickness of fruits.

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of color LED light and different photoperiod regimes on the growth of hydroponic lettuce. Four different light intensity treatments were used including 1 purple LED light 30W (75% red, 25% blue, 48 μmol/m2.s  PPFD - Photosynthetic photon flux density); 2 purple LED lights (80 μmol/m2.s PPFD); 3 purple LED lights 30W (98 μmol/m2.s PPFD) and 3 white LED lights 16W (60 μmol/m2.s PPFD), with a combination of five photoperiod regimes of 16/8, 18/6, 20/4, 22/2 and 24/0 (light/dark). Results showed that that the 80-20/4 (2 purple LEDs – 20 hours light/4 hours dark) treatment yielded the higher marketable production on fresh weight than most of other treatments (0.90 kg/m2). The leaf number, leaf length and leaf width at interaction treatments between 2 purple LEDs with 20/4, 22/2 and 24/0 treatments were higher than most of others. The length of main stem values at interaction treatments among 3 white LED treatment with five photoperiod regimes showed higher than other treatment (18.78 – 52.00 cm). The interaction among 24/0 and 20/4 treatments with 3 purple LED treatments showed the highest Brix value (3.25 and 3.20%, respectively). Thus, 80-20/4 treatment showed the result for the growth and marketable yield of hydroponic lettuce variety GN 63 better than other.

Diocalandra frumenti is the severely dangerous insect causing various problems to coconut in several provinces in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. The genetic diversity was analyzed by applying ISSR marker (Inter-simple sequence repeats) as a molecular marker in order to make a specific picture of the population diversity of Diocalandra frumenti for further studies. In this research, 40 samples of adult insect were collected from 8 provinces in the Mekong Delta and 4 provinces in the southeast region. Four phenotypes were classified based on morphological characters, and ten ISSR primers were applied in the experiment to identify the genetic diversity. The results included 161 amplified fragments generated by 10 set of selected ISSR primers, of which 148 fragments were polymorphic (91.7%). Genetic relationship of 40 pests were clustered by UPGMA to demonstrate the differentiation of all species, showing an extensive genetic diversity ranged from 3.16 to 8.54. According to the diagram, 40 samples were grouped into four main clusters. This report illustrates the influence of geographical origin on genetic diversity.

Soil environment plays a very important role for the growth and the development of Eleocharis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptability characteristics of Eleocharis in Tram Chim National Park. The experiment was conducted with 3 communitties 1) Eleocharis ochrostachys, (2)  Eleocharis dulcis, and (3) mixed between Eleocharis ochrostachys and Eleocharis dulcis. The results showed that Eleocharis ochrostachys grew best with soil  pH  3.2-3.8, exchanged aluminum of 14.40-15.70 cmol/kg, the total iron amount of 0.671-1.191 %, the total nitrogen content of 0.29-0.34 %, total phosphorus (P2O5) content of 0.061-0.068 %, exchanged potassium of 0.058 to 0.103 cmol/kg and organic matter content of 10 to 11 %. Meanwhile, Eleocharis dulcis distributed and grew well in soil with pH of 3.8, EC of 2.0-3.3 mS/cm, exchanged aluminum of 9.95-16, 90 cmol/kg, exchanged iron amount of 0.994-2.013 %, phosphorus content of 0.073-0.101 %, exchangable potassium of 0.033-0.074 cmol/kg, organic matter of 30 % and total nitrogen content of 0.50-0.71 %. In conclusion, to conserve Eleocharis ochrostachys and Eleocharis dulcis, the soil environment and ecology should be considered for the best adaptation of Eleocharis.

The experiment was conducted at greenhouse for vegetable research, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University, from April to November in 2013 to determine suitable substrates for ornamental pepper grafted on Thien Ngoc local variety. The experiment was set up in randomized complete design with 10 replications of 4 treatments: (1) 100% coconut powder as control, (2) 50% coconut powder + 50% burned rice husk, (3) 50% coconut powder + 50% seaweed compost, (4) 50%  soil + 25%  coconut powder + 25% burned rice husk. Results showed that the treatment (substrate) 50% soil + 25% coconut powder + 25% burned rice resulted in best growth (plant height and caopy diameter) and yield (number of fruits) of grafted ornamental peppers (2 varieties/plant), which is 11.9 fruits/plant. It was followed by the mixtures of coconut powder and burned rice husk or seaweed compost (treatments 2 and 3) which gave medium growth and  8.6 to 9.9 fruits/plant. Coconut powder 100% as the control was the worst with 7.5 fruits/plant. The substrates with coconut powder resulted in stunted plant height, small canopy diameter, less fruit per plant. The mixture of 50% soil + 25% coconut powder + 25% burned rice husk should be used as substrate for small-scaled production of grafted ornamental peppers.

The study aimed at using land resources efficiently and sustainably on an acid sulphate soil for pineapple cropping. In this research, descriptive statistical approach was used to assess the land usage land evaluation method (FAO, 1976) was applied to classify land areas in suitability with pineapple production. The study identified 26-land mapping-units by the combination of specific maps of soil and water. Based on the land unit map and land use requirements of pineapple, the zoning of land suitability classification in the current for pineapple cultivation was established, including: high suitability area (19.072,0ha); moderate suitability area (1.210, 94 ha); marginal suitability area (944, 64 ha); and non suitability area (12.093, 31 ha). The result of study will provide a basis for planners and strategic planning of pineapple crops development for the district.

Understanding genetic traits of seven seedless King mandarin accesions discovered 2013 at Hau Giang, this study was based on the matK region to discriminate among them and with other common King mandarin trees especially the seedlees King mandarin LD6 accession based on the matK region. The pair of primers matK-390F/matK-1326R was used to amplify the matK region of these accessions. The results of matK sequence showed a genetic diversity of King mandarin accessions studied, that is the 7 seedless accessions had different nucleotide positions not only among themselves but also with other common King mandarin accessions especially LD6 accession. Based on the phylogenetic tree, studied King mandarin accessions could be grouped into 2 branches of bootstrap ranged from 22 to 75%: branch I included the seedless King mandarin accessions and branch II contained two seedy King mandarin. This genetic diversity in matK sequence could be used to distinguish 7 seedless King mandarin discovered in Hau Giang and with other common King mandarin especially with LD6 accession.

The studies were conducted in a green-house (at Can Tho University) and the in-situ condition of a rice field in My Loc, Tam Binh, Vinh Long during the Thu Dong cropping season (in 2012) with the aim of evaluating the effects of urea fertilizer amended with trace element (TE) on nitrogen used efficiency (NUE), rice growth and grain yield in comparison to those of normal urea fertilizer. The experiments were set up in Randomized Complete Block Design included 5 treatments (0N, 100%N white urea, 100% opalescent urea, 100%N +TE and 90%N+TE) with 5 replications in the green-house, and 4 replications in the field. The results showed that urea fertilizer amended with trace element (TE) did not contribute for improvement in agronomic efficiency (AE) and adsorption nitrogen rate (ANR) in the net-house and field experiments, although ANR of urea amended with TE treatments had a greater trend in comparison to that of urea in the field experiment. Moreover, urea amended with TE were non-significantly different in increasing yield; however, the application of 90%N amended with TE was still maintained rice yield in both experiments.

The existence of genetic diversity in turmeric (Curcuma sp.) is documented in other countries but not in Vietnam, where turmeric is an introduced species. This study is aimed to determine the possible existence of genotypic diversity among 20 turmeric accessions in Southern Vietnam using RAPD and ISSR markers. Analysis of ten RAPD markers (OPA02, OPA03, OPA04, OPA10, OPA13, OPB07, OPB10, OPD02, OPD03 and OPD07) showed a relatively high level of polymorphism: 133 out of total 154 bands were polymorphic, or a ratio of 89.7%. RAPD markers analysis showed the Euclidean distances ranging from 0-8.94 (with a mean of 6.87) and able to cluster into 5 groups. Analysis of ten ISSR markers (ISSR1, ISSR2, ISSR5, ISSR6, ISSR7, ISSR10, ISSR12, ISSR14, ISSR17 and ISSR18) also showed a relatively high level of polymorphism: 132 out of total 136 bands were polymorphic, or a ratio of 97.1%. ISSR markers analysis showed the Euclidean distances ranging from 1.73-8.54 (with a mean of 6.75) and able to cluster into 5 groups. A total of 292 bands was produced by the combined RAPD and ISSR markers and 272 bands (93.2%) were polymorphic. Using combined RAPD and ISSR markers showed the Euclidean distances ranging from 2.65-12.2 (with a mean of 9.65) and able to cluster into 4 groups. The overall results showed that these 20 turmeric accessions in Southern Vietnam had high levels of diversity.

Diversifying material for using as substrate in growing ornamental plants and studying methods for treating the material are needed to reduce cost and increase quality of substrate. Objectives of the study were (i) the investigation of physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics of coconut dust, used oyster mushroom substrate, used mushroom straw, sugarcane bagasse and cow manure; and (ii) the determination of effect of treating methods for coconut dust on growth of Gerbera jamesonii. Results showed that sugarcane bagasse had suitable pH, high N, P, Ca content, low water holding capacity and was a good substrate for ornamenrtal plants when the composting material was used.  Other studied substrates had different positive and negative physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics; and their drawbacks should be improved when using as substrates, especially for the Gerbera jamesonii. The methods of treating coconut dust by using Trichoderma spp, cuprous pesticide, and composting gave the best growth and flowering. Treating coir dust with solution of 5% CaO could decrease Fursarium, but it increased pH of coconut dust which led to adverse effects on the growth of the Gerbera jamesonii.

Amongst five tested formulas of artificial diet and fresh onion leaf, the formula 5, which was composed of mungbean, black-eyed pea, soybean, corn powder, wheatgerm, wheat starch, baking yeast, methyl-p-benzoate, vitamin, ascorbic acid, chloramphenicol, CuSO4.5H2O, MgSO4.5H2O, CaCl2, KH2PO4 and NaCl was the best for development and growth of S.exigua. Survival ratio reached 97% of larvae and 91% of pupae, average weight and size of larvae and pupae were highest, average life cycle of those fed on CT5 was shortest of 19.3 days, sex ratio was 1:1, average number of eggs laid per female reared on CT5 were 350.8 eggs per female, and the egg hatchability was 100%.

There were 35 bacteriophages and 14 strains of bacteria Erwinia chrysanthemi were isolated from 59 rice diseased samples with foot rot symptom, collected in 4 provinces - Vinh Long, Can Tho, Kien Giang and Soc Trang. Assessing the parasitic ability of these phages on 14 strains of E. chrysanthemi showed that 8 phages (i.e ΦEchST19a, ΦEchCT12, ΦEchKG3b, ΦEchKG5a, ΦEchKG8b, ΦEchKG11b, ΦEchST19b and ΦEchST22) could parasitize many bacterial strains, and 7 bacterial strains (i.e EchCT5, EchCT12, EchST20, EchKG4, EchKG5, EchKG7 and EchKG8) were susceptible with all tested phages. The bacterial strain EchCT12 showed highest pathogenicity among other strains when artificial pathogen inoculation was done on rice in nethouse conditions. Surveying the lytic ability of 8 bacteriophages on E. chrysanthemi EchCT12 showed that phage ΦEchKG8b expressed highest diameter of plaque on bacterial lawn. The experiment controlling rice foot rot in nethouse conditions with four tested phage titers 105; 106; 107 and 108 pfu/ml showed that three titers i.e. 106; 107 and 108 pfu/ml expressed effect in disease reduction and 108 pfu/ml titer showed the best effectiveness.

The study’s objectives were to determine the optimum density and nymph instars of the brown planthopper (BPH) as a vector for transmitting Rice Grassy Stunt Virus (RGSV) to rice plants. Results showed that the higher the density of viruliferous BPH the higher the effect on rice plant height and tillering. From 25 – 30 days after inoculation (DAI), virus transmission of the 2 instar nymphs was more inhibitive on rice plant height than that of the 4th instar nymphs, but the numbers of rice tillers were not significantly different between these two treatments. At a density from 1 - 3 BPH per seedling, viruliferous BPH caused RGSV disease with rates from 12.5% to 13.75% at 15 - 20 days after planting. From 15 - 30 DAI, the incidence of RGSV infected plants transmitted by the 4th instar nymph (26.81%) was lower than of the 2nd instar (36.96%).

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of some substances to repel the sweet potato tuber  moth (Nacoleia sp.) in the laboratory and greenhouse condition at Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University. The experiment was performed by using the olfactometer system to examine the influence of some substances to repel sweet potato tuber moth in laboratory condition. The harassing substances of the survey consisted of 1) lemon grass oil, 2) garlic oil, 3) (E)-10-pentadecenal (E10-15:Ald) compound and 4) n-hexane (control). In the greenhouse condition, the experiment was arranged as a completely randomized formula, one choice with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Effect of signal chemicals on the host finding behavior of sweet potato tuber moths was converted into index EPI (excess proportions index) according to the formula of Hori et al. (2006). Results showed that in laboratory condition the (E)-10-pentadecenal compound and lemongrass oil (citronellal 30%) had the repelling effect, while garlic oil attracted the female in finding host for laying eggs. Therefore, the lemongrass oil repelled effectively the laying eggs of female moths. Garlic oil, n-Hexane and (E)-10-pentadecenal weren’t effective on the hatching of eggs. The unmated female had ability to attract the male in the greenhouse condition.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of silicon and calcium as foliar application on tuber yield and quality of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). The experiment was conducted from June to Sptember 2015 at Thanh Loi commune of Binh Tan district, Vinh Long province. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was set up with three replications of 11 treatments including the control (without spraying calcium or silicon) and applying CaCl2, CaO, Ca(NO3)2, Na2SiO3 and CaSiO3 at 250 and 500 mg/L concentrations, respectively. The tuber yield was performed at 140 days after planting and the tuber qualily was analyzed at harvest and post harvest times. The results showed that the plant growth as well as the quality of tuber roots were not affected by foliar supplement of silicon and calcium two times before harvest (at 35 and 70 days after planting). Applying CaO, Ca(NO3)2, Na2SiO3 and CaSiO3 at the level of 500 mg/L recorded  marketable tuber yields over 20 tons/ha which were significantly higher than that from the control treatment.

The experiment was aimed to (i) isolate and identify the isolates of entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi in the Mekong Delta using the conventional classification keys based on the morphological characteristics; (ii) study the biological characteristics of N. rileyi isolates; and (iii) evaluate the efficacy of N. rileyi isolates against beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hübner in laboratory conditions. The result of classification indicated that 10 fungus isolates collected from dead larva of lepidopteran insects in the fields categorically belonged to N. rileyi. The isolate of Nr3 (ST-AG) had the highest germination rate (97.5%) after 24 hours of cultivation on PMA medium. The MAYP and PMA media were suitable for the mycelial growth and sporulation of almost the tested isolates. In the laboratoty condition, allmost studied N. rileyi isolates gave effective control of beet armyworm as over 90% of the larvae was killed after nine days of treatment; in particular, the three isolates Nr9 (SCLN-AG), Nr7 (SCLN-HG) and Nr10 (SK-AG) resulted in significantly highest efficacy as of 97-100%.

The study “Survey on approval of modern rural ward’s environment criteria - A case study at Vinh Hai ward, Vinh Chau town, Soc Trang province” focused on assessing local current environment condition and defining adaptation level of the environment criteria in modern rural’s national norm. From the obtained results, there would be a suggestion to archive the environment standards for Vinh Hai ward. The research methodology included the literature review and Participatory Rural Appraisal approach with local farmers at Vinh Hai ward. The results showed that in Vinh Hai there was only 1 of 5 criteria (hygienic clean water) satisfying the environment standards in new rural’s national norm. The rest needed to be improved to fulfill the environmental standards, including: (i) manufacture and business enterprise to reach environment standard, (ii) environmental landscape, (iii) the cemetery planning and construction, and (iv) waste treatment. Based on the local current situation, suggestions were introduced to satisfy the environment standards in the future.

The research was conducted in laboratory and nethouse of Plant Protection Department, Can Tho University to screen actinomycete isolates able to control anthracnose disease on chilli caused by Colletotrichum sp. One hundred actinomycete isolates were collected from chilli field in some provinces of the Mekong Delta. The preliminary testing determined 20 isolates capable to inhibit anthracnose fungus in laboratory conditions. Testing the antagonistic ability against anthracnose fungus of those 20 actinomycete isolates done with 5 replications showed that 3 isolates CT10, VL17 and HG03 could reduce mycelial growth of Colletotrichum sp. within the radius of 13.7mm, 12.3mm and 13.5mm, respectively and the antagonistic efficacy of 49.82%, 44.73% and 49.09%, respectively at 9 days after inoculation. On the other hand, the biocontrol ability of the 3 good actinomycete isolates was tested with 5 replications in nethouse conditions. The results showed that all three actinomycete isolates, CT10, VL17 and HG03 were able to control anthracnose disease on chilli. The treatment with HG03 application duplicated at 2 days before and after inoculation showed as high ability to control the disease as of the Carmanthai 800WP (Carbendazim) treatment as based on narrow lesion diameter (9.12mm) and high efficiency of disease reduce (63.17%) at 9 days after testing.

Diversification of rice-based cropping system is one of the strategies to help the farmers adapt to saline intrusion. This study was carried out to study the existing conditions of saline intrusion and to analyse the economic efficiency of the present cropping systems in the field in comparison with the experimental ones. Field trials were established on salinity-affected acid sulfate soil cultivated with double rice crops (per year) in Hau Giang province. Three communes affected by salinity intrusion, including Hoa Tien, Vinh Vien A and Luong Nghia, were selected for the study. Data were collected by household interviews and the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach. In the studied areas, establishing five experimental cropping systems of rice in rotation with upland crops or intercropping with fish to replace the double rice cropping system. The experimental cropping systems included mung bean – rice – water melon, maize – rice – maize, rice – water melon – rice, rice – rice intercropping with fish and sweet potato – rice – maize. The area of each model was 1.000 m2 with three replicates. In exception, the rice – rice intercropping with fish model was in an area of 3.000 m2. The results showed that there were five main cropping systems in the studied areas, including rice – rice, rice – rice – rice, pineapple, water melon, and sugar cane. The salinity intrusion period lasted from February to March or April. Applying the experimental cropping systems brings more benefits, which were 1.6 to 4.5 folds greater than the traditional systems and help the rice-based cropping systems adapt to salinity intrusion in the study area.

This study was conducted to select bacterial strains Ralstonia solanacearum which was capable of highly pathogenic in the greenhouse conditions and evaluate the resistance to bacterial wilt of Sung vang cultivar grafted on difference hot-pepper rootstocks. There were 6 strains of R. solanacearum collected from the provinces of An Giang, Vinh Long, Dong Thap, Kien Giang. Comparision of pathogenicity of these bacterial strains on Sung vang cultivar in greenhouse conditions was done by soil drenching with a dose of 5ml/plant of individual bacterial suspension (4 x 1010 cfu/ml) at 4-5 leaf stage (around 25 days after sowing). The results showed that all six strains were able to cause infection on Sung variety at 12 days after inoculation. At 32 days after inoculation, six strains of Ralstonia solanacearum caused damage to Sung vang peppers. The 2 strains collected in Thanh Binh-Dong Thap – Rs1 (Tan Binh) and Rs2 (Tan Quoi) – resulted in disease incidence (93.79% and 95.78%) and disease score (2.32 and 2.50) higher than other strains while there was not infection with the control treament (without inoculation). The study on the resistance of Sung variety grafted on different hot pepper rootstocks to bacterial wilt showed that, at the time of 40 days after pathogen inoculation (with Rs1 and Rs2 strains), the pepper rootstocks of TN592, TN557 and Hiem 27 resulted in better disease resistance as disease incidence (ranged 0.00-7.15%) and disease score (from 0.00 to 0.83) were lower than those of the control - non grafted - (54.18% and 1.77 respectively).

The cabbage webworm, Hellula undalis Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the most serious insect pests on green mustards (Brassicaceae) in the Mekong delta. Towards effective strategies to control H. undalis, semiochemical application was investigated in vegetable fields of Long Ho district, Vinh Long province and experimental site of the Mekong University. Results showed that both essences of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and garlic (Alliums sativum) had harassing effects on egg laying of moths in field conditions where plastic bags containing 2 ml of lemongrass and/or garlic essences in absorbent cotton were hang up on bamboo sticks in the middle of raised vegetable beds and essences were renewed weekly. The highest efficiency was within the 8m diameter from the hang bags of essences. The lemongrass essence gave the effective harassment of egg laying by 92%, as the same of A. sativum (87%), while only 66% by using pesticides compared to the control field without treatment. These results showed the effectiveness of semiochemicals as C. citratus and A. sativum were highly effective in H. undalis management.

This study was carried out to develop elite rice variety/lines that are brown planthopper resistant and salinity tolerant. This study includes three stages: (1) producing backcross populations (BC1F1) with AS996/Một bụi đỏ, ST20/Một bụi đỏ, IR50404/OM6976, OM6677/OM6976, OM6377/OM6976, and OC10/OM6976; (2) screening phenotypic for brown planthopper resistance and salinity tolerance; and (3) examining the presence of tagret genes by SSR method. The results indicated that the tagret genes have been successfully transferred into 12 rice backcross breeding lines. The three hybrid F1 lines (ST20/Một bụi đỏ, OM6377/OM6976, OC10/OM6976) and 3 backcross breeding BC1F1 lines (AS996*2//Một bụi đỏ, OM6377*2//OM6976, OC10*2//OM6976) showd high resistance to brown planthopper and tolerance to saline condtion. The examination by molecular biology techniques SSR showed target gene expression in 12 F1 and BC1F1 hybrid rice lines.