In this paper, optimality conditions and duality theorems for a positively properly efficient solution of a nonsmooth fractional semi-infinite optimization problem with data uncertainty in the constraints are studied via Mordukhovich subdifferential. Some examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.

In this study, petioles, leaf blades, juvenile root, and epicotyls of L14 peanut were used as source materials for micropropagation. The results revealed that dual disinfection with 2.5 percent NaOCl and 0.5 mL Tween20 solution for 5 minutes for the first time and for 15 minutes for the second time is an efficient sterilization method used for peanut seed. On MS medium supplemented with 10 mg/L 2,4-D, the proportion of callus formation from leaf blades was highest (100%). The structure and color of their callus were spongy and green in treatments supplemented with 2,4-D concentration of 5 mg/L, leaf-induced callus showed the highest shoot regenerating ability on medium treated with 2,4-D 1.25 mg/L and BA 1 mg/L. The highest rooting rate achieved on medium supplemented with NAA 0.2 mg/L and with non-reducing MS content (100%).

The two-dimensional (2D) conventional XY model exhibits unusual infinite order Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) phase transition. However, the real magnetic crystals are subject to anisotropic crystal field interaction besides the exchange interaction. Thus, the more general XY model provides h4 anisotropic interaction, namely 2D XY with 4-fold anisotropic crystal fields (XYh4) could be used to describe real materials. This model has been extensively studied using theory (mean field and renormalization) and numerical simulations. However, the issue of the phase transition order of the XYh4 model being either the second-order Ising phase transition or the KT phase transition is still controversial. To further clarify this issue, Monte Carlo simulation for XYh4 model was performed by varying the amplitude of the anisotropic term.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that uses high frequency electromagnetic waves (from 10 MHz to 3000 MHz) to study shallow underground structures such as concrete, asphalt, metal, pipes, cables or building blocks, etc. without destroying or digging. When performing GPR signal processing, the calculation of the electromagnetic wave propagation velocity is a decisive factor in accuracy, helping us to determine the depth, size, and location of the anomalies for increasing the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio in the cross-section after migration processing. Therefore, in order to maximize the efficiency of determining the speed of electromagnetic wave propagation in the shallow soil layers, Kirchhoff migration technique optimization algorithm is used combining with two standards of the minimum entropy and the maximum energy. The results of velocity determination also indicate the nature of the shallow geological layers, irregularities in underground structure, thereby predicting subsidence as well as improving proposed method and handling timely.

In this study, the chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extract from the stem and leaves of Desmodium triangulare were investigated. The dried material sample was crushed and then extracted exhaustively with methanol to obtain a crude extract. The crude extract was completely dispersed in water and performed liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate solvent to obtain ethyl acetate extract. By column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH20, the separation of the ethyl acetate extract was performed and led to the isolation of four compounds. Based on 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra and comparison with the previously reported data, the structures of the isolated compounds were identified as stigmasterol, methyl protocatechuate, methyl syringate, and methyl ferulate. HPLC analysis of the methanol extract was also conducted, and the results showed that the polar and non-polar compounds in this methanol extract were the main constituents.

The study was carried out to determine the storage time, and evaluate the effectiveness of a liquid bio-nitrogen product (LBNP) from Burkholderia kururiensis KG8 bacteria on rice under greenhouse conditions. Cell density of Burkholderia kururiensis KG8 was able to maintain above 108 CFU/mL and the NH4+ content produced during 6 months of storage satisfied the TCVN 8741:2014 standard. Bacterial density and NH4+ content of the LBNP containing Burkholderia kururiensis KG8 were 77.6×108 CFU/mL and 6,28 mg/L respectively in the treatment supplemented with CMC after 6 months of storage. After 3 months of storage, the phytoplankton containing Burkholderia kururiensis KG8 was used for potted rice OM5451. The results showed that the LBNP containing Burkholderia kururiens KG8 was able to provide 50% of the chemical nitrogen required for growth, development and increase in rice yield. Simultaneously, the LBNP containing Burkholderia kururiensis KG8 contributed to improved rice yield by 25% compared with the treatment using 100% chemical nitrogen for potted rice OM5451.

Vietnam is a country that thrives on agriculture, produces a large amount of food. In addition, there is a large amount of cellulosic biomass as agricultural by-products which is mainly discharged into the environment. Cellulose degrading microorganisms play an important role in composting, waste treatment and alcohol production from cellulose degradation. From 3 subterranean termite nests collected in Mang Thit district, Vinh Long province, 52 cellulose-degrading microorganisms were isolated, of which 28 were isolated from worker termites and 24 were isolated from soldier termites. Of the 52 isolates, 10 (23.08%) were able to degrade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cellulose of rice straw powder.  Out of the 10 isolates, VLT1.2  degraded cellulose to produce the highest glucose concentration (1.08 g/L) in hydrolysis solution after 10 days.

The extracts from the peels of three different types of rambutan (Nephelium lappacium L.) were initially examined for chemical composition in making optimal use of by-products in agriculture and food processing. It was discovered that the rambutan peel extracts contain a variety of chemicals, including tannins, polyuronic compounds, proanthocyanidin saponins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, carotenoids, and organic acids, as well as reducing agents. The contents of polyphenol and flavonoid along with DPPH radical scavenging activity of these extracts were also determined, standing out from the others were the extracts of the rambutan (i) rind with the corresponding results of 199.65 mg GAE/g, 457.44 mg QE/g (on dried weight) and IC50, DPPH = 33.28 µg/mL. In addition, these extracts also showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity to interfere with the absorption of sugar into the blood and cytotoxicity to breast cancer (MCF-7 cell line) activities. The corresponding results revealed that IC50, α-glucosidase represented from 1.61 to 5.96 µg/mL while the percentage of MCF-7 cell cytotoxicity ranged from 81.73% to 82.06% at the concentration of 150 µg/mL.

In this paper, we consider Ekeland’s variational principle for bifunctions defined on complete metric spaces and with values in Hausdorff locally convex spaces ordered by closed convex cones. Instead of dealing with directional perturbations in a direction of the positive cone of the image space, we perturb the map under question by a convex subset of the positive cone to get stronger and more general versions. Many example are provided to highlight the relations of our results to the existing ones, including their advantages.

This research proposes a combination of the smart predictive compensation control in the Active power filter to improve power quality for the three-phase-power system. Using soft computing to improve the quality of electricity for the system is the choice of our new research approach to the efficient harmonic filter. The use of a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) for the system as an Active power filter is one of the most population solutions for power quality control and advanced software methods are also an option to upgrade the system with the new standards at a lower cost. Filter harmonic on the three-phase system using active filter circuit with the using of predictive control algorithm makes filtration efficiency higher, especially for expansion and improvement issues concerning the three-phase Non-linear-load system, this solution becomes much simpler and more efficient than investing in a new system in terms of cost, matching with improving the quality of the system, meeting the requirements of high-quality power. The research has also improved the THD by

The experiment was conducted to investigate the content of some common compounds present in the ethanolic flesh extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L., the antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the flesh ethanolic extract. By spectroscopic method, the content of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the extract was determined at 378.09 and 1473.00 mg/g DW, respectively. Besides, the antioxidant capacity was also investigated based on ability to neutralize DPPH free radicals (EC50= 465.75 µg/mL) and reduce iron (EC50= 259.24 µg/mL). At the same time, the resistance to bacterial strains of the extract also showed resistance to Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus ATCC10876, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Listeria innocua ATCC33090, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli ATCC25922 with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from about 16 to 32 mg/mL. Resistance to Aspergillus niger ATCC6275 was also recorded with high concentration of the ethanolic flesh extract as well.

Elephantopus mollis, a medicinal plant widely recognized in traditional medicine, was used to treat many inflammatory diseases. However, only a few studies have investigated its effects on the inflammatory response. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of E.  mollis ethanol extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Pre-treatment with the extract significantly attenuated the production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, E. mollis ethanol extract treatment suppressed activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway (NF-ĸB) by inhibiting nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IĸBα) degradation. In addition to suppressing inflammatory factors, the extract also activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme-oxygenase-1 pathway (Nrf2/HO-1), which prevented oxidative stress. Taken together, we propose that E. mollis ethanol extract has pharmacological activity and may be useful for the development of an alternative therapeutic agent to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation diseases.

Wavelet transform is one of the effective methods in analyzing potential field because of the good multi-resolution for time-frequency uncertainty principle. This feature is very important for the analysis of non-static signals. For the sources that close to each other with overlapping of magnetic anomalies, it is rather difficult to determine the locations of sources. In this study, two - dimensional continuous wavelet transform using Poisson – Hardy complex wavelet function was applied to analyze adjacent magnetic anomaly sources. Using parameter of scale normalization a-n  in the wavelet transform can improve the multi-resolution, for separating adjacent magnetic sources easily in the  scalogram with better accuration. First, the method is applied to study the model in which three forms of sources including sphere, prism and thin plate were located near by. After verifying its reliability and feasibility, this method can be applied for actual magnetic data in Rach Gia – Kien Giang.

Solid phase activation by the immobilization of antibodies onto material surface is the primary step in designing and developing solid phase immunosorbent tests. However, the present immobilization techniques: passive absorption, covalent coupling, and affinity immobilization are not completely efficient because of having many backlog problems which are randomly immobilization of antibodies, storage time, efficacy, interceding into the antibody structure, especially high production expense. Therefore, this study focused on designing protein PS-Ax1 which worked as an adapter protein helping to orientate antibodies onto polystyrene surface and the initial determination of binding capacity between PS-Ax1 and polystyrene. This study created a premise for studying and developing other solid phase immunosorbent kits.

Seafood processing wastewater contains several nitrogen sources including ammonium, nitrite and nitrate with high concentration. In water bodies, high level of nitrite can cause toxic effects to aquatic organisms, contaminate water sources and affect human health. From water and surface sediment samples collected in shrimp processing wastewater, 37 bacterial strains capable of nitrite uptake were isolated, in which 24 strains were obtained from the water sample and 13 strains were isolated from the surface sediment sample. Nine Gram-negative bacterial strains including S3.2, S3.4, S3.10, S3.12, W3.17, W3.18, W3.20, W3.21 and W3.22 were able to growth and to completely uptake nitrite after 24 hours of incubation in minimal medium supplemented with 50 and 100 ppm nitrite. All of the 9 strains performed catalase and citrate catabolism activity but did not show nitrate reduction activity. Among these, strains S3.2, S3.4, W3.21 and W3.22 were able to hydrolyze starch; strains S3.12, S3.17, S3.18 and W3.20 were motile.

This paper is intended to investigate Lagrange duality and saddle point optimality conditions for semi-infinite programming problems with vanishing constraints. Although Mond-Weir and Wolfe duality were considered for this problem, there is no paper dealing with Lagrange duality. Lagrange duality may be easier to deal from algorithmic point of view rather than other dualities. In the first part of this paper, Lagrange dual problems are formulated and duality relations are explored under convexity assumptions. Then, the saddle point optimality conditions for semi-infinite programming problems with vanishing constraints are discussed. Some examples are also provided to illlustrate the results of the paper.

The study was carried out with the aim of isolating and selecting bacterial strains capable of proteolytic and inhibiting Vibrio spp. The ability to resolve proteins is done by the bacterial drop method, and the ability to inhibit Vibrio spp. performed by the well-diffusion method. The study isolated 10 bacterial strains from traditional fish sauce, including 7 strains capable of proteolysis and 4 strains capable of inhibiting Vibrio spp. The selected bacterial strain is NM2.1 with large resolution ring diameter and inhibition of Vibrio spp. strongest among the studied strains. Through observing colony morphology, cell morphology and 16S rDNA gene sequence, the bacteria strain NM2.1 was identified as Bacillus sp. with 99.71% similarity.

Ligusticum wallichii belonging to Apiaceae family have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, Vietnamese and Korean folk medicine for preventing anemia, and treatment of migraine and cardiovascular conditions. In addition, it inhibits human pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhoid and Cholera sp.. This study aims to determine the contents of essential oil, extracts, Z-lingustilide, and ferulic acid in 15 samples of  cultivated Ligusticum and to test for antifungal activity of the species. The essential oil contents varied from 0.20 to 0.32%. The contents of organic solvent extracts were from 7.52 to 18.45%. Through HPLC analysis, the Z-lingustilide contents were determined in a range of 216.18–527.41 µg/g (w/dw) and the ferulic acid contents were from 119.45 to 501.57 µg/g (w/dw). The crude extracts and essential oils exhibited a relatively strong in vitro activity agaisnt fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The in vitro results also showed that the ethyl acetate extract possesses the strongest activity against all of the tested fungi.

From the flowers of Ochna integerrima, a dihydroflavonol glucoside was isolated and studied its biological activities. The ethyl acetate extract (EA-extract) of this material displayed very good biological activities as the antioxidant with the IC50 value of 2.27 µg/mL, (two times better than the control ascorbic acid), and as the inhibitor of α-glucosidase enzyme with the value of IC50 = 0.22±0.05 µg/mL, (over 800 times stronger than the control acarbose). Moreover, the EA-extract well inhibited a Gram-positive strain C50 = 136.0±3.09 µg/mL). The chemical structure of an isolated compound from the EA-extract was elucidated as 6-γ,γ-dimethylallyldihydrokaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside based on spectroscopic analysis of NMR, HR-MS data and in comparison with the published reliable articles. This is the new compoundthat has never been published for the Ochna genus. This compound expressed good antioxidant activity (IC50 = 7.34 µg/mL, in DPPH testing), weak inhibitory activities for microorganism and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (IC50 > 256 µg/mL). In the test on acetylcholinesterase enzyme, the EA-extract expressed better inhibitory concentration (IC50-EAetract = 128.00±9.67 µg/mL) than the isolated compound. In addition, both the EA-extract and the compound showed weak inhibition on the cancer cell lines of KB and Hep-G2 (IC50 > 256 µg/mL).

In this study, electronic and optical properties of the penta-graphene quantum dots (PGQD) with different morphology are investigated by using the density functional theory. The result shows that H-ZZ-36 is the best stable structure with optical absorption peaks in the ultraviolet region of 320 nm. This structure with various edge-functionalized groups including Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P), Oxygen (O) and Fluorine (F), the band gap is narrowed than that of edge functionalized PGQD with Hydrogen (H). Furthermore, optical absorption peaks of Si-ZZ-36, P-ZZ-36, O-ZZ-36 and F-ZZ-36 shift to the visible light range of 350 nm and 760 nm or those belong to the near-infrared region. In results, changing the passivation factor is one of the useful methods to develop applications of penta-graphene quantum dots in optoelectronic devices.

Thermal processing was applied to research juice made from dau Ha Chau (Burmese grape) (Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.). The quality parameters and analytical methods include total polyphenols content (Folin-Ciocalteu reagent), total flavonoids content (AlCl3 complexation), vitamin C and gallic acid content (high-pressure liquid chromatog.raphy- HPLC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH free-radical scavenging activity) were observed in the thermal treatment processes. The results showed that the conditions of blanching, preheating and pasteurization were selected at 90oC-90 seconds, 85oC-2 minutes, 90oC-1.5 minutes, respectively. The quality parameters of the juice after thermal processing were 244.57 mgGAE/L (polyphenols), 193.47 mgQE/L (flavonoids), 115.97 mg/L (vitamin C), 17.62 mg/L (acid gallic) and 383.95 mg/mL (EC50), respectively. The results could be applied to the industrial beverage processing process made from dau Ha Chau for diversifying products from this fruit.

The orbit method, which is also known as the Kirillov theory, was first introduced by Kirillov in the early 1960’s and remained a useful and powerful tool in representation theory of Lie groups as well as Lie algebras. The key of the Kirillov theory is concerned the coadjoint orbits of Lie groups. In this paper, the problem of describing the coadjoint orbits of a class of Lie groups corresponding to a subclass of 7-dimensional solvable Lie algebras, which has been recently classified, is considered. Namely, a description method based on the structure of Lie algebra is presented. By using this method, the geometry of the coadjoint orbits of the class of Lie groups under consideration is explicitly described.

Protein immobilized silica (SiO2) particles are promising materials in the fields of biomedicine or biosensors. Through previous studies, it was found that the Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L2 strongly binds to silica particles. In addition, protein A which is derived from Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, is a highly stable surface receptor. The interaction between protein A and antibodies is considered one of the classical protein-protein interactions. This study created a fusion protein A subunit with recombinant L2 protein by constructing the vector pET22b-proAx1-L2. The Protein A-L2 was expressed in  E. coli BL21(DE3) system and analyzed using SDS-PAGE. Based on the specific binding to silica particles, Protein A-L2 was purified by unmodified bare silica particles and a high concentration of MgCl2 solution. With the purification method by silica beads, high efficiencies were achieved, such as rapid purification, cost savings, and comparative purity.

Kyllinga polyphylla Willd. ex Kunth is a species of Cyperaceae family found in several provinces in the Mekong Delta. The database system from plant characteristics to the chemical composition of K. polyphylla species will be the premise for future studies. Fresh samples were collected for morphology and anatomical structure assessment. Plant powders and chemical compounds were also investigated using 5 solvents of different polarities (distilled water, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, diethyl ether). The results showed that many secondary metabolic products such as calcium oxalate, essential oil, resin, and starch were found in the anatomical structure and medicinal powder of this species. The study identified 22 chemical compounds including alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, amino acids, saponins, sterols, tannins, terpenoids, phytosterols, gums, glycosides, xanthoproteic, anthocyanins, coumarins, essential oils, carotenoids, diterpenes, resins, betalains, and organic acids. These data show the potential and medicinal significance of K. polyphylla species in the medical area.

Vibrio spp. is the cause of bacterial diseases on aquatic products in general and shrimp in particular. Antibiotic treatments have produced multidrug-resistant strains of microorganisms. This study aims to evaluate the effect of herbal extracts and herbal extracts combined with bacteriophages on strains of  Vibrio spp.. The study was carried out by two methods: Diffusion through agar well and spread by counting the number of bacteria. The results showed that, in the experiment of diffusion through the agar plate, most extracts and extracts combined with bacteriophages formed an inhibitory ring, which was statistically different from the control tetracycline 5 mg/mL. The results showed that most bacteriophages and extracts reduced the number of bacteria, however, pomegranate extract, phosphate head extract and ɸTT1H, ɸTT2H changed the density without statistical significance (p

In this study, ternary platinum-ruthenium-cobalt (PtRuCo) alloy nanoparticles decorated on carbon Vulcan XC-72 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (C-MWCNTs) composite supports were synthesized by a co-reduction method. The precursors H2PtCl6, RuCl3, CoCl2 and an efficient reduction of NaBH4 agent in ethylene glycol (EG) were used to synthesize the  PtRuCo nanoparticles. The catalyst samples were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results confirms that ternary PtRuCo catalyst provides a methanol oxidation ability 10% higher than binary PtRu catalyst and the resistance to CO poisoning of PtRuCo is twice compared with PtRu. In addition, the methanol oxidation activity and the resistance to CO poisoning of the C-MWCNTs composite support showed 5% and 83% higher than that of the carbon support, respectively.

From dichloromethane extract of staments of flowers of Ochna integerrima (Lour.) Merr. collected in Can Tho, two compounds were isolated including 6˗γ,γ˗dimethyl allylkaempferol 7˗O˗β˗ᴅ˗glucopyranoside (1) and (2S,3S) 4ʹ-methoxy-6˗γ,γ˗dimethylallyl dihydro kaempferol 7˗O˗β˗ᴅ˗glucopyranoside (2). The chemical structures of these compounds have been elucidated by modern spectral data: 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, HMBC, HSQC and compared with some previously reported data. Compound (2) expresses inhibition activity on both lung cancer cell lines A549 (IC50 152,00±8,5 μg/mL) and breast cancer cell MCF-7 (245,13±12,6 μg/mL). Furthermore, both substances have antibacterial activities against Gram positive (+) bacteria, Staphylococus aureus, with the IC50 value of 61,47 0,67 µg/mL for compound (1) and 194,6±5,38 μg/mL for compound (2).

Response surface methodology was applied to examine the influence of the extraction parameters on the total polyphenols content (TPC), and total flavonoids content (TFC) of extracts from Oroxylum indicum L. leaves (OIL). The optimal conditions for TPC and TFC included the ultrasonic temperature of 59°C, the ethanol concentration of 69%, the ultrasonic time of 11 min, and the material/the solvent ratio of 1/25 (w/v). The verification of the experimental process was done at the previously defined optimal conditions. The experimental values (TPC=215.47±1.03 mg GAE/g extract; TFC=158.01±1.12 mg QE/g extract) showed good agreement with the predicted the values (TPC=214.09 mg GAE/g extract; TFC=158.77 mg QE/g extract). The antibacterial activity of the OIL optimal extract was investigated against five strains of Vibrio spp. (VC-1, VC-2, VC-3, VC-4, and VC-5). The OIL optimal extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Vibrio spp, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 320 to 640 µg/mL. The study results also showed that the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the OIL optimal extract ranged from 640 to 1280 µg/mL.

The article obtains some new results in the research direction of differential stability for the parametric optimal control problem governed by semilinear elliptic partial differential equations with smooth boundary constraints. The new results of the article consist of exact formulas for computing the Fréchet coderivative and the Mordukhovich coderivative of the constraint operator with perturbed smooth boundary constraint set, and a formula for computing/estimating the Fréchet subdifferential (the regular subdifferential) of the marginal function of the parametric optimal control problem with a smooth boundary constraint set.

Desmodium triflorum is a common and widely used medicinal plant in folk medicine. In the ongoing project, the in vivo and in vitro bioassays of the extracts and rutin isolated from Desmodium triflorum against some plant pathogenic fungi were conducted. The extracts of D. triflorum displayed in vitro antifungal activity against Magnaporthe grisea, Sclerotium rolfsii (SR), Fusarium oxysporum and the strains of Colletotrichum sp. at 1000 µg/mL. In addition, the methanol extract suppressed rice blast caused by M. grisea on the rice seedlings by 50% at 1000 and 3000 µg/mL in vivo. The presence of rutin in this plant was determined as a major flavonoid by isolation and  HPLC analysis. Besides, in vitro antifungal activity of rutin and its nanoformulation (the average  particle size of 669.3 nm and zeta potential of -18.5 mV) was evaluated against Colletotrichum sp. and SR.  Both rutin and nanorutin showed good inhibition for SR; of which nanorutin exhibited an enhancement of its inhibition for SR and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The study results confirmed the antifungal activity of D. triflorum and its botanical materials and suggested that they could be used for controlling fungal plant diseases.

Lantana camara L. is a wild and invasive plant that inhibits other plants in the same its ecosystem by allelopathic mechanisms. This study was conducted to investigate the plant inhibitory activity of extracts from parts of Lantana camara L. The survey results showed that Lantana camara L. extracts possessed biological compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic, saponins and coumarin. Phenolic and flavonoid contents of the flower extract were highest (239.13 mg GAE/g, 114.84 mgQE/g extract, respectively). It was found that the extracts of Lantana camara L. inhibited germination and growth of Raphanus sativus and the inhibitory activities were proportional to the applied doses. In addition, they inhibited the growth and development of seeds of Raphanus sativus L. by affecting cell division during mitosis, increasing cell wall thickness and reducing photosynthetic capacity.

Time series is a type data stored normally, and has huge demand in forecasting for many real problems. This study proposes the predictive model for interval time series based on the improvement in establishing the fuzzy relationship. In this model, the universal set is the consecutive changes of two time intervals, and the divided number for intervals is determined  by the fuzzy cluster analysis algorithm for interval data. Based on the fuzzy relationship between the elements of the universal set and the divided intervals, the  principle for interpolating the historical data and forecasting for the future are established. The proposed model is detailed step-by-step, and illustrated by numerical examples. It is also applied in forecasting the temperature in Ha Noi to illustrate the practical application. The illustrative example and practical application show the suitability of the proposed model as well as its advantages in comparison with popular models.

The present study reports a multivariable optimization of response surface method-assisted extraction of polyphenols from Rhodomryrtus tomentosa leaves. The parameters of ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time, and material/solvent ratio have been optimized. According to the models, the optimal extraction conditions were: 90% of ethanol, the extraction time of 22 hours, the extraction temperature of 59oC, and a material/solvent ratio of 1/20 (g/mL). Under the optimized conditions, the extraction yield of the polyphenols from Rhodomryrtus tomentosa leaves was 410.45±2.49 mg GAE/g extract, which was in agreement with the predicted value (409.62 mg GAE/g extract). The optimal extract of Rhodomryrtus tomentosa leaves was able to neutralize 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylfree radicals (EC50= 11.79 µg/mL). Therefore, Rhodomryrtus tomentosa leaves can be used as a novel source of natural polyphenols that have applications as antioxidants in the pharmaceutical industries.

The normalized full-gradient (NFG) is one of the geophysical methods to study deep structures such as determining oil and gas, ore deposits, and object center positions. In this paper, the gravity anomaly data was analyzed by giving an algorithm that combined the change of the coefficient N and the expansion of potential field using the Fourier transform to determine the corresponding gradient. The maximum normalized full-gradient will be determined based on the correct selection from these normalized gradient values. The studied geological structure (or foreign body) will appear at the location in which the totally normalized gradient value is maximum corresponding to a defined depth. Based on calculating of theoretical models, using the  method of maximum fully normalized gradient magnitude, the harmonic number N and the gravity anomaly source depth have been established.  After verifying the reliability and feasibility of the proposed process on model data, an analysing procedure to identify sources of gravity anomalies was built and applied for some measurement routes of typical gravity in Bac Lieu province.

Anthocyanin were extracted from Mexican petunia by using a solvent consist of ethanol and water at various ratios and used as a pH indicator. This study was conducted to investigate the moisture of Mexican petunia, the effect of ethanol:water ratio in the solvent on the total extracted anthocyanin content and color change of the anthocyanin extract when used as pH indicator. The results indicated that the mean moisture of the samples was 86,4%; the ethanol:water ratio was 4:6 (mL/mL) given the highest yield of total anthocyanin content (0,513%); The extracts changed color accordingly to pH (from 5,00 to 7,00). Finally, these extracts were used as pH indicator in acid-base titration and the results showed the anthocyanin extracted from Mexican petunia could be used acid-base indicator similar to methyl orange or phenolphthalein.

Kinesin Eg5 plays an essential role in the early stages of mitosis, and it is an interesting drug target for the design of potent inhibitors. In this work, combination of 2D-QSAR studies and molecular docking, was performed on a series of some drugs from Drugbank databases as Eg5 inhibitors. Six drugs including Mimosine, Flubendazole, Perampanel, Asenapine, Cloxacillin, and Zaleplon were predicted as potential candidates for Eg5 inhibitory orientation with binding energies lower than -19 kJ/mol. The docking results showed four hydrogen bond interactions with Eg5 residues including Glu116, Gly117, Glu118 and Arg22. In consequence, this study provided valuable information for the design and prediction of new potent Eg5 inhibitors in the future.

Far-red emitting SrMgAl10O17 co-doped Cr3+and Na+ materials have been studied and fabricated by the co-precipitation method. The phase structure, morphology, composition, and luminescent performance of the phosphor were investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), photoluminescence (PL), and photoluminescence excitation (PLE). The analysis results showed that the materials had a strong absorption at 547 nm and far-red emission in the wide spectral region from 650 nm to 750 nm with a maximum peak at 691 nm. The optimal doping concentrations were 0.3 mol% Cr3+ and 5 mol% Na+. The addition of Na+ co-doping to the SrMgAl10O17 matrix helps to increase the emission centers leading to an increase in luminescence spectral intensity. The fabricated fluorescent powder had a long lifetime. Experimental coating on LED chips showed that the far-red emission spectrum had color coordinates x = 0.2909, y = 0.2776, color temperature (CCT) of 6489K, and color rendering index (CRI) of 86.5. Research results show that the fluorescent powder SrMgAl10O17 co-doped with Cr3+ and Na+ has potential applications in solid lighting.

The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, inhibition of α-glucosidase, and cancer cytotoxicity activities of the 50% ethanol extract from 2 Cosmos species. The reducing power (RP) showed that the antioxidant resistance of all extracts was quite good; in addition, these extracts also showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, especially Cosmos caudatus leaf extract (IC50 = 7.50 µg/mL) inhibited 16 times more powerfully than acarbose control agent (IC50 = 122.20 µg/mL). Besides, in vitro cytotoxicity test, the extracts also showed the ability to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation (MCF-7). However, on lung cancer cells (NCI H460), the leaf extracts did not show activity. The results of the study show that Cosmos is a potential medicinal drug containing many antioxidant compounds, inhibits α-glucosidase, and inhibits breast cancer cell growth.

The article studies sufficient conditions for H lder parametric error bounds of lower semicontinuous functions in metric and Asplund spaces. These conditions are presented in terms of primal and dual space elements. The main tools of our analysis are the Ekeland variational principle and Fréchet subdifferential sum rule in Asplund spaces. The established results are applied to study sufficient conditions for the H lder metric regularity property of set-valued mappings.

Sponge species contain unique secondary metabolites that are known to exhibit significant biological properties, and can be used for various applications. In this study, sponge species was collected off the coast of the Phu Quoc sea, Vietnam, and taxonomically identified as Xestospongia testudinaria. The sponge sample was exhausted macerated with ethanol 96º and removed solvent to give the residue. The major amount of alcoholic residue was partitioned by the liquid-liquid extracted method with n-hexane, dichloromethane, respectively, to produce the different polarity extracts. After using evaporator equipment on the extracts, the residues were formed and symbolized as: exttotal EtOH, extn-Hex, extDC, extremaining EtOH. The sponge extracts were investigated for cytotoxicity by the Brine-shrimp testing (Artemia salina), 3 out of 4 samples were well inhibited, which are the total EtOH extract, dichloromethane extract, and the remaining ethanol extract, with LC50 less than 50 µg/mL. In addition, the extracts of this species including dichloromethane, total ethanol, and remaining ethanol exhibited cytotoxic activity on the cancer cell lines: KB, MCF-7 with IC50 values ranging from 128±3.5 µg/mL to 363.98±20.43 µg/ mL.

The movement of a river creates changes in the channel, which is shown through the transport of sediment in the river. In this paper, a numerical method to simulate the transport of sediment, especially by a 3D model is introduced. The equations are solved by the finite volume method on the unstructured grid and the sigma transform vertical axis. The highlight of this 3D model is that it can be integrated with 1D 2D models and ancillary works in complex real-world conditions. In addition, the calculation and experimental application of the 3D model to evaluate the changes in the riverbed of Hau river running through Chau Phu district, An Giang province are also presented in this paper.

The surveys were arranged based on the response surface methodology according to the Box-Behnken model in Design Expert 11.0 software to optimize the extraction conditions to maximize the total polyphenol and flavonoid content from the leaves of the Celastrus hindsii (CH). The study has extracted polyphenols (120.30±1.15 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (302.39±1.78 mg QE/g extract) optimally by immersion method in ethanol 69% (v/v) 6 hours, material/solvent ratio 1/36 (w/v) and extraction temperature at 60°C. The polyphenol-rich and flavonoid-rich extracts were then studied for their antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in vitro. The results showed that, CH leaf extract exhibited potent neutralizing and reducing activities of free radicals in the test: DPPH (EC50=26.73±1.16 µg/mL), NO• (EC50=55.43±0.78 µg/mL), ABTS•+ (EC50=7.79±0.01 µg/mL), RP (EC50=9.03±0.12 µg/mL), FRAP (EC50=9.20±0.30 µg/mL), and TAC (EC50=59.49±2.61 µg/mL). The CH leaf extract also significantly inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme activities with EC50 values of 156.03±0.43 μg/mL, 26.33±0.76 μg/mL, respectively. This study shows that CH leaf extract, rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, is a promising antioxidant and antidiabetic in vitro agent.

This study was conducted with the main purpose of investigating the inhibition ability of nanoparticles (Ag, ZnO) and essential oils (orange, grapefruit, and lemongrass) against Neoscytalidium sp. causing brown spot disease in Dragon fruit, which can serve as a foundation for researching biological products made from nanoparticles and essential oils. The fungus was isolated from the infected stem of Hylocereus costaricensis, collected from Long An province and treated with  12.5 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm of nanoparticles (Ag, ZnO) and 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% of essential oils (orange, grapefruit, and lemongrass). The results showed that the inhibitory effect value of silver nanoparticles was highest at 25 ppm concentration (59,61 %), while zinc oxide nanoparticles gave the highest inhibitory effect at 100 ppm concentration (65.91%). By using 100% concentration of orange essential oil, the pathogenic fungus was strongly inhibited (77.69%). After three transplanting days, the mycelium of Neoscytalidium sp. was not grown under conditions of 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% of grapefruit and lemongrass essential oils. Therefore, the concentrations evaluated could effectively control the fungus Neoscytalidium sp.

Balanophora latisepala (V. Tiegh.) Lec. has a folk name of Moc ba hue in the Mekong Delta provinces. They have been used to treat various diseases according to the oral experiences of the people living in this area. B latisepala is a parasitic plant. They parasitize the roots of some perennial plants and are found in negligible amount in the An Giang mountain region. This study was conducted to investigate the morphological and anatomical characteristics of B. latisepala. Research results have shown that B. latisepala has unisexual flowers, flowering in October-December and they are found mainly in Cam mountain, To mountain and Dai mountain in An Giang province. B. latisepala has branched tubers. The whole plant of B. latisepala has a characteristic yellow color with a dark yellow tuber surface,  pale yellow inflorescences and leaves. Microscopic examination of tubers, inflorescences, and leaves of B. latisepala has been recorded with numerous phloem and xylem bundles and orange-brown “milky latex“ masses.

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is one of the most popular causative agents of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD), also the main factor causing several severe symptoms, which can lead to children’s death. Up to now, vaccines and antiviral compounds still have disadvantages and are not widely used. Therefore, finding other alternatives and supplemental solutions is necessary, and virus-trap turns out to be a valuable candidate. The main function of the trap is to capture viruses, thereby preventing the infection. To do this, the trap needs to be constructed by one of the EV-A71‘s binding receptors on human cells, and SCARB2 is the potential one. In this study, we cloned, expressed, and purified the recombinant SCARB2, which was fused with foldon peptide to structure the trimeric form with a highly viral-catching ability for virus trap. For the mentioned purposes, vector pET22b-scrb2-IIIx3 was constructed, and transformed into E. coli DH5α. Protein SCRB2-IIIx3 was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), but in monomeric form, and mostly in  innclusion bodies. After that, it was refolded and purified to soluble form which has biological activity. Those results supportably provide insightful information, which creates a premise for further research.

By using DFT simulation method, we generate p-P2C-SS nanoribbon sample from two-dimensional pentagonal p-P2C model. This nanoribbon model has two sawtooth edges and their edge residual bonds are neutralized by H atoms. Its viability is confirmed by phonon scattering spectroscopy. Our result shows that the p-P2C-SS only exists if it is composed by at least 10 atomic lines. Due to  quantum confinement effects, nanoribbon’s band gap is larger than that of 2D material, and its spatial distribution of band edge states are also limited. P-P2C-SS model is a type of semiconductor material with indirect energy gap and non-magnetic.

The study was conducted to select starch degrading bacterial strains based on amylase enzyme production. Starch samples prepared from cooked rice (ST25 cultivar) were placed in different sites in Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho city to attract bacteria. After 3 days, bacterial strains were isolated from the samples using Amylolytic Bacteria medium. The strains were tested for starch degrading ability based on agar disfussion method. The high ability strains were measured the starch degrading ability by DNS method. The results showed that there were 20 isolated bacterial strains in which 10 strains have spherial shape and 10 strains have rodlike shape. All of strains are Gram positive. After 72 hours of culture in amylolytic bacteria medium, three bacterial strains KTXA1, VB-34, VB-42 showed the highest activity with the degrading zones from 14,33 mm to 18,33 mm. Based on the results from the DNS method the strain KTXA1 was selected which showed the highest starch degrading ability, producing the reduced sugar of about 2.9 to 3.07 mg/mL at 24 to 96 hours. The strain was identified as Bacillus sp. based on 16S rRNA sequence.

Bio-insecticides are now proposed as useful alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for pest management. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster was used as an ideal model to investigate the toxic potential of extracts from Euphorbia thymifolia (L.). Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of flavonoid, polyphenol, tannin, and alkaloid. The toxic activities of ethanol extract of E. thymifolia were evaluated against the 2nd instar larvae of D. melanogaster, the result proved efficient toxicity with mortality of 53.33% at the concentration of 150 mg/mL. In addition, the extract also greatly affected the reproduction, and growth of Drosophila. Notably, alterations in acetylcholinesterase activity and impairments in negative geotaxis behavior were observed.

An important issue in the study of the classification problem with the type homotopy of topological spaces is the identification of the homotopy group, especially the stable homotopy group of spheres. Adams spectral sequence will be converged on the 3-torsion component of the stable homotopy group of spheres π_*^S (S^0 ). The E_2-term of the Adams spectral sequence is cohomology of the mod 3 Steenrod algebra "Ex" "t" _A^(*,*) (F_3,F_3 ). To compute the E_2-term of the Adams spectral sequence, we need to compute "Ex" "t" _A^(*,*) (F_3,F_3 )=H^(*,*) ("Hom" (P_*,F_3 ),δ) for any free A -module resolution of F_3. In this paper, a free resolution P_* for internal degrees t≤30 was constructed.

Probiotic supplements are able to improve animal health and nutrition but respective bacteria have mainly been isolated from terrestrial, warm-blooded hosts, limiting an efficient application in shrimp, fish, and clams. Probiotics from native bacterial species adapted to the digestive tracts of the respective aquatic species are therefore more effective. In this study, 194 bacterial strains were isolated from the digestive systems of clams, shrimp, and fish. The strain TON1.4 showed high extracellular enzyme activity and the ability to inhibit the best tested bacterial strains. The 16S rDNA gene sequencing results showed that strain TON1.4 is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Moreover, strain TON1.4 is also able to tolerate pH from 5 to 9, and salt concentration from 0.5 to 6%. The strategy of isolation and characterization of native bacterial strains with potential for probiotic production is presented that can be easily adapted to other aquatic species.

This paper investigates the existence and stability of solutions to a multiobjective optimal control problem with perturbed nonlinear state equations. By using suitable tools and techniques, sufficient conditions for the existence and continuity of solutions to this problem are established.

The use of α-glucosidase inhibitors is considered to be an effective strategy in the treatment of diabetes. 90% MeOH extract of Dictyopteris polypodioides exhibited the strongest α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory with IC50 (52.95±0.28 mgL-1, 88.04±0.05 mgL-1), respectively, non-different with Acarbose (60.88±0.48 mgL-1, 92.16±1.67 mgL-1). Using a silica chromatography column, collecting Fr.2 with potential inhibitory. At a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, Fr.2 showed remarkable inhibitory of α-amylase and α-glucosidase up to 87.49% và 93.43%, respectively. Fr.2 was constitutively fractionated by the ODS column, separated into Fr.2.1, Fr.2.2, and Fr.2.3. The result illustrated that Fr.2.2 showed excellent inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC50=26.14 mgL-1) and α-glucosidase (IC50=21.38 mgL-1), significantly higher 3 and 4 times than Acarbose. Analysis of the possible compound in Fr2.2 by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, the chemical structure was elucidated as zonarol compound. Therefore, this study suggested that zonarol is the main contribution in Brown algae Dictyopteris polypodioides to controlling glucose postprandial in diabetes patients.

This article studies a transmission of COVID-19 by fractal order derivative. The transmission is decided by the basic reproduction number R0 and the stability of equilibria. Local stability is determined by eigenvalue method. Uniform asymptotically stability was proved by Lyapunov function method and LaSalle’s invariance principle. We show that for R0 < 1 then the free equilibrium is local stable and uniform asympotic stable and for R0 > 1 then the endemic equilibrium is local stable and uniform asympotic stable. Transcitical bifurcation is used to explain the mechanism of the transmission. Numerical simulation is carried out to verify theory results.

The environmental factors and plant growth phases can considerably affect the phytosubstance contents of higher plants. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of the geo-ecological conditions and plant growth stages on the contents of some biocompounds and bioheredity of Polyscias spiecies. The experiment was conducted in the labs of Can Tho University, from January to December 2020. The results showed that: growth stages and plant parts considerably effected on the total contents of thiamine, tannic acid, quercetin and veratrine compounds in this plant. The contents of these biosubstances at 5 year-old stage were highest (88.71, 3.86, 1.09 and 0.1 mg/g fresh weight, respectively) among 4 different growth stages.Moreover, the roots contained the highest contents of these biosubstances compared to other parts of the plant. The plant ecotypes which cultivated in Ca Mau and An Giang provinces had higher contents of phytosubstances than those cultivated in Hau Giang and Can Tho. The findings confirmed the genetic diversity and relationship of Polyscias sp. samples distributed in 4 provinces (Ca Mau, Can Tho, Hau Giang and An Giang) based on ITS sequences. The most genetic variation was found in ITS region among 9 tested ecotypes which.