This paper presents the design of an automatic management system for monitoring the status of electric equipment. The system is capable of  recording the running time of electric  equipment, evaluating the efficiency of equipment use, and calculating energy consumption for enhancing the efficiency and reducing the cost of electricity consumption. The designed system is based on the Arduino Mega 2560 kit and current sensors to measure the current consumed by the electric equipment. The status information of equipment will be sent periodically to a server over a local area network (LAN). In this server, one can easily perform management tasks such as collecting, processing, and analyzing data on the frequency of equipment use. It can be expected that the proposed system will be useful for evaluating the efficiency of equipment use at companies.

This paper presents a new technique for designing a real-time stabilization controller in order to balance an inverted pendulum using backstepping method. The performance of the proposed method was compared with that of Linear-Quadratic Regulator method (LQR). The DSP TMS320F28835 microcontroller was used to apply two controllers into the real system. We also developed a graphical user interface (GUI) to supervise and collect data from the real system during running process. Experimental results showed that the response performance of the proposed backstepping controller was much better than that of LQR controller under disturbance and mass change.

In the recent years, estuary deposition and erosion due to hydrodynamics changes are amongst the major problems of the Dinh An estuary, one of the two river mouths of the Hau River in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Such natural phenomena are projected to be even greater in terms of magnitude and unpredictable in terms of time and space due to (i) the construction and operation of hydropower dams in the upstream section of the Mekong River, leading to changes of flow regime and sedimentation patterns along the river; (ii) on-going and planned hydraulic construction projects to meet different water requirements for agricultural land uses along the Mekong Basin, especially in the delta; and (iii) tidal regime changes in the East Sea. In this study, a two-dimensional hydraulic model (CCHE2D) is used to study the hydrodynamics, deposition and erosion patterns in the Dinh An estuary. The hydraulic component of the model is calibrated and validated based on the flows measured in August 2012. The sediment transport component is applied based on the calculated hydraulic properties and referenced sediment data (including suspended sediment concentration and transport sediment rate). The results obtained from this study set a stage for subsequent studies to understand the morphological changes of the river mouths in the Mekong Delta.

Output signals directly from strain gauges have small amplitude expressed  in microstrains; therefore, amplifying and processing these signals has always been  considered in precise measurement. The aim of this paper is to survey and implement a special integrated circuit designed for strain gauge amplification, namely 1B31AN (Analog Devices), in order to support research and teaching activities at Measurement and Sensors Laboratory, Department of Automation Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Can Tho University. The study results show that this integrated circuit is highly functionable, being suitable for training on the principles and configuration, amplification, and signal processing of strain gauges. This integrated circuit is compatible with strain-gauge configurations of quarter-bridge, half-bridge, and full-bridge circuits. Besides, the amplitude and quality of the output signal from the amplifier can be adjusted depending on the requirements of low pass filtering and gain adjustment.

This paper presents an information system to manage student services in a university faculty based on one-stop-shop model. The system aims to reduce workload of administrative staffs at departments so that they are able to complete their tasks, and the personnel factor can also satisfy the regulation about "functions, duties and organization of school, institute, center and department offices at Can Tho University". Procedures to process student service applications are systemized and modelized so as to receive and process student service application online. The initial system has showed satisfactory results at the beginning of the research applying one-stop-shop model in managing student services. A pilot system has been built and run at the College of Information and Communication Technology of Can Tho University.

Recommender system(s) can recommend suitable items to users by using data about their past behavior to predict the future items that the users may like. In the recommender system, collaborative filtering is a technique which is used to assess the user's interest on new items (products). This technique is successfully applied in many applications. In the collaborative filtering systems, the users’ preference on new items is predicted based on the past user-item-preference (or user-item-rating) data. In this paper, we introduce the collaborative filtering technique which is based on neighborhood model to recommend products in an online shopping system. We implement this technique and compare its quality to the other baselines. Finally, we build an online shopping system to integrate the collaborative filtering technique to our system so that it can recommend suitable products to the users.

Nowadays, the application of information technology in education to improve the quality of teaching has widely been used in Vietnam. There are many different approaches in choosing a platform for teaching and assessment. In this paper, we present an approach of using Moodle - an open source application - to provide better active teaching tools to support lecturers fora flexible set of activities such as forums, chatting, group activities, exchanging, majorassignments, etc. especially evaluating students’ learning outcomes with an effective multiple choice testing form.

The main objective of this research was to estimate carbon storage in Melaleuca forests in two distinct ages (under 10-year-old and over 10-year-old) on clay soil in the U Minh Thuong National Park. We measured diameter of breast height (DBH1.3m), total height, density, biomass, shrubs and litterfall of Melaleuca in 40 standard quadrats (10 m x 10m). The density of under 10-year-old Melaleuca forest (7.315 individuals per ha) was greater than that of over 10-year-old Melaleuca forest (4.140 individuals per ha). However, the forest with age under 10 years showed significantly lower DBH1.3m and lower total height than those in forest with age over 10 years. There was no significant difference in litterfall between the two-age levels of forests. Six species in under 10-year-old forest and five species in 10-year-old forest were observed, with two dominated plant species of Phragmites vallatoria (L.) Veldk. and Stenochlaena palustris (Burm) Bedd. Carbon accumulation of two ages (under 10-year-old and over 10-year-old) of Melaleuca forests had significantly different values with 15.18 (ton C per ha) and 31.76 (ton C per ha), respectively.

This study focuses on defining the CH4 emission from domestic solid waste of the Can Tho city. First the domestic solid waste from local households in Ninh Kieu and Binh Thuy, the municipal districts of the Can Tho city was collected and classified for their composition. Based on the development planning of the Can Tho city up to 2020 and the expected GDP value of local resident in this city, the volume of solid waste was estimated. Then the CH4 emission was taking into account based on percentage of organic components in the waste loading. The CH4 released from solid waste in the Can Tho city in 2020 will be 3.170 tons, equivalent to 79.270 tons of CO2 per year. This emission volume increasing according to the population and the local resident's GDP growing rates.

This study is to briefly assess the general hydrodynamics of surface water resources of the downstream segments of the Tien River network (in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta) under impacts of the Ba Lai sluice gates via the application of a one-dimensional hydraulic model (HEC-RAS). The considered scenarios in the study include the fully open and fully close sluice in the Ba Lai station. The established model was calibrated and validated; therefore, it can be applicable to examine possible impacts of the boundary conditions changes on the hydrodynamics of the study river network. The developed hydrodynamics model will provide an important base for evaluating surface water resource dynamics in time in the Tien River network. The research results also show that HEC-RAS is capable to simulate the flow dynamics in a complex river network under different scenarios of boundary conditions (sea level rise, and upstream discharge changes).

Groundwater (GW) levels in the Can Tho City has recently been declining rapidly. It becomes even more serious with increasing of water demands. Therefore, assessment of the current state of GW exploitation and management is needed, especially in the Tra Noc Industrial Zone, Can Tho City. The study was carried out following steps: (i) a review of literature (ii) field surveys (iii) interviews, and (iv) SWOT analysis. The results show that many enterprises have used combined sources of water. Total GW exploitation volume for domestic and production purposes is 12,290 m3/day (in 2013). The survey results reveal that seafood processing plants are dominant, accounting for 90.91 %. These enterprises needed a large amount of water for all stages. To export products to European countries, the European standards is required and GW is the best option. In addition, GW management is not effective with many problems in the enforcement of the Water Resources Law. Thus, suitable solutions to manage GW more effectively is urgently needed.

This study is to assess possible changes of farming systems in the low coastal plain of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta according to changes of (surface) water resources from 2005 to 2013 with the case study of the Nga Nam district, Soc Trang province. Individual interviews with local staffs of relevant departments, group-interviews with representatives of local farmers (via the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach) and household surveys with individual famers were main approaches to collect information and data about past farming systems and possible causes of changes. The obtained results showed that surface water resources and farming systems changed significantly both in terms of space and time and the surface water resources changes were amongst the main causes leading to farming system changes. Moreover, agricultural policies and productivity, and land and labour availability also contributed to farming system changes.

In sustainable development, selection of agricultural land use often requires the compromise of social, economic and environmental purposes. Given different opinions, values, and attitudes from different stakeholders, selection of certain land use results in unavoidable conflicts. The conflicts in land use can be generally described from the perspective of conflicts amongst land use types and relevant stakeholders. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aims of improving existing land use systems, leading to changes of agricultural structure towards sustainability. The study was carried out in three ecosystem zones (fresh, brackish and saline water) in the Bac Lieu province. Data were collected via the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach and household interviews with the participation of 270 households. The mDSS (Decision Support System) model was used to optimize land use decision. The results showed that intensive shrimp got the greatest level of relative sustainability. The double rice cropping pattern had the highest value for environment while the others were considered favourable on the social aspect. By using decision support tool, land use types were proposed for changing of agricultural structure towards sustainability, including: shrimp - fish polyculture, shrimp - rice rotation, double rice cropping. The application of the proposed land use types depends on hydrological conditions and actual farmer's socio-economic context.

From the buthanol extracts of the roof of Cassia grandis L.f from Cantho City, a new xanthone derivative was isolated and named casgrandxanthone A. Its structure was interpreted by spectra including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, MS and based on published data.

Two flavonoids, kaempferol (1) and liquiritigenin (2) were extracted and isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves of Cassia fistula. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis and comparison with published data.

Rifampicin concentration in plasma of re-treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the Can Tho Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Disease Hospital was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Thirty five patients were investigated in this study to understand factors which are related to the drug concentrations in plasma of re-treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients compared to the standard concentration recommended by the national program for anti-tuberculosis disease. Cross-sectional descriptive study (a study in a certain period) was conducted with 70 plasma samples. The samples were taken at two events: 2 hours and 3 hours after swallowing. Average concentrations of rifampicin in plasma at 3 hours (4.23±5.21 mg/ml) was signicficantly higher (with p

A two-step procedure including acid-catalyzed pretreatment of highly acidic Cashew nut oil (AV=9.78 mg KOH/g) followed by a standard transesterification procedure with methanol and potassium hydroxide as a catalyst was used to produce Cashew nut oil methyl esters in this study. The transesterification reaction parameters such as methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, temperature and time have been investigated. The optimized yield was found to be 89.5%. The quality of the biodiesel produced was evaluated by the determinations of important properties such as kinematic viscosity at 40ºC, gross heating value and acid value. The obtained results showed that these parameters were in acceptable range for biodiesel to be used in diesel engines.

In present time, many studies have been carrying out in order to find out biological solutions for environmental issues caused by agrochemicals applied commonly in agriculture. Among promoted solvings, Plant Growth – Promoting Rhizobacteria have been put in special interest due to their potential applications. In this research, 18 bacterial isolates isolated from rhizospheric soil of rice plant with effective nitrogen fixation, Indole-3-acetic acid synthesis and phosphate solubilizing activity were investigated the ability to synthesize extracellular chitinase. Since that result, 6 isolates namely CT14, AM3, NT4, PT10, TN4 and TV2B3 were tested antagonistic property against Pyricularia oryzae fungus in dual culture plates. After 10 days of incubation, all 6 isolates performed good antagonistic effect with the percentage of radial inhibition ranging from 45.2-64.4%. In which, the highest antagonistic effect was found in CT14 and AM3 isolates. From that result, it can be proposed that bacteria that colonize rice rhizosphere possess not only plant growth stimulation but also rice blast disease biocontrol capacity.

Aromatic vegetable soybean is a special group of soybean varieties that produce young pods containing a sweet aroma, which is produced mainly by the volatile compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP). Recently, some studies found that the GmAMADH2 gene encodes an AMADH enzyme that regulates 2-AP biosynthesis in soybeans. A primer set of KAORI-Normal/KAORI-Chamame was designed based on aromatic gene of the variety ‘Chamame’ for genotyping the aroma. This co-dominant PCR-based marker was verified successfully in three aromatic and six non-aromatic soybean varieties as well as in 355 F2 individuals of eight crosses segregating for aroma. The segregation analysis of aroma in the eight F2 populations in this study confirmed that this trait is controlled by a single recessive gene. The perfect co-segregation from KAORI-Normal/KAORI-Chamame marker showed that the marker could be efficiently used for molecular breeding of soybean for aroma. The present study was contributed to raising the diversification of sources of soy foods and increasing the value of soybean products.

Twenty-six bacterial isolates were isolated on MRS medium, including 23 isolates from human milk and 3 isolates from lyophilized bacteria products. Most colonies of them were round, opalescent white color to milky white color, raised or convex elevation, lobulated or intact margin. Results of the survey of biological characteristics showed that 10 strains had rod shape (38,5%) and 27 strains had spherical shape (61,5%) existed as single or double cells. All isolates were positive Gram, unable to move and oxidase-negative test. The result of catalase test showed that 14 isolates had  catalase-negative. From the surveyed results of the biological characteristics, 14 selected strains were lactic acid bacteria group (53,8%). Evaluated results for resistance to low pH environment illustrated that 14 strains had the resistance to pH 3 in 3 hours. Two strains H1.4 and H9.2 had the resistance to environmental condition of pH 2 for 3 hours with density as 8,93 log(CFU/ml) and 8,71 log(CFU/ml) respectively. In the 14 surveyed strains, 2 strains H1.4 and H3.4 had the resisitance to 4 types of antibiotic such as Streptomycin, Cephalexin, Penicillin V at 256 mg/l concentrations and Ampicillin at 128 mg/l concentrations. Strain H9.2 was resistant to 3 types of antibiotic as Streptomycin, Tetracycline and Cephalexin 256 mg/l concentration. Identification of bacteria by DNA sequencing method showed that strains H1.4, H3.4 and H9.2 experienced the similarity to Enterococcus durans (99%), Enterococcus faecium (99%) and Enterococcus faecalis (98%) respectively.

The effect of (i) vacuum conditions (pressure from 500 to 600 mmHg during 13 to 15 minutes at 60÷62oC), (ii) antioxidants such as citric acid, ascorbic acid and ascorbyl palmitate (concentration from 0.05 to 0.15%), (iii) passion juice from 4 to 8% (v/v) and (iv) pasteurization temperatures ranging from 80÷95oC and holding time of 5÷12.5 minutes on the physico-chemical properties, sensory value, safety and pasteurization temperature were conducted. The research results showed that the concentration process under optimum vacuum conditions (vacuum pressure of 600 mmHg and holding time of 14 min at 60 to 62oC) of pineapple juice led to significant increase in total soluble solids (approximately 58oBrix),colour index and viscosity (limitation of sedimentation). The added concentration of 0.1% ascorbic acid and 6% of passion juice could be maintained the color of the product. The concentrated juice of pineapple pasteurized at 85oC for 5 minutes could be done for final product (in glass bottle) to meet the requirement of food safety and longer preservation at ambient temperature (Pasteurization Unit of 9.69).

Study on propagation of Lagerstroemia floribunda Jack by plant tissue culture technique was conducted in the laboratory  of plant tissue culture and nethouse of Depratment of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Cantho University, from May 2013 to Feruabry 2013. The results showed that: (i) MS medium supplemented with BA (0.5 mg/L) was effective for rapid proliferation of shoots in vitro (2.24 shoots after 40 days cultured); (ii) Solid MS medium with activated charcoal (2 g/L) gave highest rate of root induction in vitro (100% shoots after 40 days cultured); and (iii) Acclimatization of micropropagated plants planted in plastic pots containing rice husk ashes: coconut (fiber) dust (1:1), coconut (fiber) dust : rice husk ashes : rice hust (1:1:1) or  coconut (fiber) dust : rice husk ashes : soil (1:1:1) showed the high survival rate and most seedlings grew very well.

To make a scientific basis for the development of local agriculture in a sustainable way associated with biodiversity conservation, the study was conducted for objectives of surveying the plant biodiversity and assessing the relationship between economic efficiency and plant biodiversity in farming systems such as traditional rice, high-yielding rice, shrimp pond, and Melaleuca forest (control). The methods of line survey and standard plots were applied to establish plant catalogues in the study area and calculate the biodiversity index. The structure interview method was applied to farmers to investigate the economic efficiency of each system. The research results showed that, there were 57 plant species of 33 families in 2 plant phyla recorded in the farming systems and Melaleuca forest. The Melaleuca forest was high in plant biodiversity than other farming systems such as the traditional rice, high-yielding rice, and shrimp pond. The increase of species diversity led to increase the equality between species, but reduced species community diversity, however. The species diversity can be used to predict the income of farming systems and Melaleuca forest. Regarding economic efficiency, the shrimp farming gave the highest income.

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is an important crop grown throughout the world because it is highly valuable and nutritious. The aim of this study is to determine the concentrations of benzyl adenine and naphthalene acetic acid which are effective for callus induction and shoot regeneration from shoot tip and young leaf explants of tomato. The results show that in shoot tip explants, MS medium supplemented with BA 0.5 and 2 mg/l alone or in combination with NAA 0.25 mg/l obtained callus induction at the maximal rate (100%). Callus had a high ability in shoot regeneration (95%) after 7 weeks cultured on medium used only BA at 1 mg/l. This medium also gived the number of shoots, shoot height and number of leaves at high values with 5 shoots, 4.7 cm and 2.6 leaves, respectively. To young leaf explants, using BA 0.5 or 1 mg/l in combination with NAA 0.25 mg/l or BA 2 mg/l alone gived callus induction rate at 100%. The medium added BA 1 mg/l alone showed shoot regeneration from callus with the rate of 88.9%. The number of shoots, shoot height and number of leaves also achieved with high values at this concentration.

This study was carried out through survey data on the use of fertilizers, plant-protection chemicals, and fuel by 180 households cultivated pummelo (Nam roi pummelo, Da xanh pummelo) and mango (Cat Hoa Loc mango) at the following districts: Bình Minh (Vinh Long), Cho Lach (Ben Tre), Cai Be (Tien Giang), and Cao Lanh (Dong Thap). The life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was used to assess the possible environmental impacts in the SimaPro 7 software. Regarding to possible impacts on the global warming, producing one kilogram fruit of pummelo and mango emitted 535.51-1,009.44g CO2-equivalent and 728.69-748.70 g CO2-equivalent, respectively. In acidification impacts, producing one kilogram fruit of pummelo and mango emitted 6.93-13.23 g SO2-equivalent and 9.31-9.60 g SO2-equivalent, respectively. In eutrophication impacts, producing one kilogram fruit of pummelo and mango eutrophicated 20.02-36.12 g NO3- equivalent and 26.88-32.07 g NO3-equivalent, respectively. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in pummelo and mango cultivation contributed significantly to the global warming (83.5-89.1%), acidification (87.3-94.7%), and eutrophication (82.8-84.9%). In addition, the land use also caused an eutrophication impact (13.0-16.1%).

Juvenile clams (Meretrix lyrata) with shell length 7-8 mm were cultured in 500 L tanks (containing 250 L of seawater) at the stocking density of 50 clams/tank. Clams were fed with algae from Tilapia - Green water system together probiotics and different concentrations of glucose (0, 35 and 70 μg/L). After 70 days of culture, highest survival rate (100%) was obtained at glucose concentration of 35 μg/L however it was not significant different (p>0.05) from the control treatment (98.8%). Clam weight gain (0.36 g) and shell length (4.18 mm) was highest in highest glucose supplementation and signinificant different from the control (p

This study was carried out from April to October 2013 through interviews 33 catfish farmers (non-integrated-NIF) and 55 catfish farmers integrated with processing companies (companies provides feed, underwritten product and paid for catfish farmers costs) (IF) at O Mon and Thot Not districts, Can Tho city. The results showed that there were not significant differences in water surface, stocking density, used commercial pellet, survival rate, harvest size, yield and the highest feed cost between two farming forms. However, there were some different points between these farming systems, i.e. pond depth (3.55 m); fingerling size (1.75 cm) of NIF were lower than that in IF .i.e. 3.92 m; 2.5 cm, respectively. FCR (1.62) and culture period (7.6 months/crop) of NIF were higher than in IF (FCR: 1.57 and 6.96 months/crop). Household’s invested cost rates was 100% in the NIF and 42% in the IF. Profit, Profit per cost, benefit per cost of IF were higher in NIF. Ratio of economic lost households (54%) in the NIF was higher than 5 times in IF. The most economic efficiency was identified around 45-55 ind./m2 and 650-750 tons of feed/ha. The NIF production model showed several major strengths such as feed providing by integrated companies, reducing household’s investment cost and covering the whole of catfish product. Generally, the IF had several advantages such as being provided feed, underwritten product, stable selling price and low production cost, so this production system was lower risk than the NIF.

This study was carried out from April to October 2013 through interviews 33 catfish farmers (non-integrated-NIF) and 55 catfish farmers integrated with processing companies (companies provides feed, underwritten product and paid for catfish farmers costs) (IF) at O Mon and Thot Not districts, Can Tho city. The results showed that there were not significant differences in water surface, stocking density, used commercial pellet, survival rate, harvest size, yield and the highest feed cost between two farming forms. However, there were some different points between these farming systems, i.e. pond depth (3.55 m); fingerling size (1.75 cm) of NIF were lower than that in IF .i.e. 3.92 m; 2.5 cm, respectively. FCR (1.62) and culture period (7.6 months/crop) of NIF were higher than in IF (FCR: 1.57 and 6.96 months/crop). Household’s invested cost rates was 100% in the NIF and 42% in the IF. Profit, Profit per cost, benefit per cost of IF were higher in NIF. Ratio of economic lost households (54%) in the NIF was higher than 5 times in IF. The most economic efficiency was identified around 45-55 ind./m2 and 650-750 tons of feed/ha. The NIF production model showed several major strengths such as feed providing by integrated companies, reducing household’s investment cost and covering the whole of catfish product. Generally, the IF had several advantages such as being provided feed, underwritten product, stable selling price and low production cost, so this production system was lower risk than the NIF.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the growth and digestive enzymes activity of tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Experiment was randomly designed with 5 treatments and triplications for each treatment. FOS was added to diet at different levels of 0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. The growth of fish increased significantly at the levels of 0.5% and 1.0% of FOS in the diets compared to the others (p

Eel (Anguilla marmorata) farming is one of important aquaculture systems at the low salinity area of Ca Mau province. This study was conducted from August to December 2012 through interviewing 30 households in order to evaluate technical and financial aspects of the farming systems and to identify potential and challenges of the farming system. Results of the survey showed that total farming area for each household was 1.34 ha, and pond area with average of 0.7 0.18 ha. Eel seeds with large size of 117.33 ±  45.4 g in body weight sourced from wild caught in the central provinces were stocked at density of 0.32 ± 0.09 fish/m2. The fish were fed with trash fish. After 591 days of culture, fish were harvested with very high survival rate (82 ± 21%) and average yield (4,186 ± 1,379 kg/ha/crop). Results showed that with production cost of 930 ± 436 million VND/ha/crop, the farmers could get the gross income of 2,150 ± 789 million VND/ha/crop and net income of 1,220 ± 743 VND/ha/crop. However, there were several challenges for the culture, especially high production cost and shortage of eel seed due to relying on the wild caught and also high price.

This research was conducted from June to December 2013 in An Giang province to evaluate the current status of snakehead capture fishery (Channa striata). Based on prepared questionnaire; direct interviews were carried out with 110 fishermen in Cho Moi, Chau Thanh, An Phu and Tinh Bien districts. The result showed that snakehead distributed mainly in rice fields (70%) in rainy season and in ditches/canals (43.3%) and rivers (40.6%) in dry season. There were 14 types of fishing gears (5 types were prohibited) being used in fishing, but most of them were employed in rainy season. Sizes of caught fish were diversely, but basically ranging from 200 to 300 g/ind. (51.5% in the rainy season and 55.6% in dry season). The proportion of caught snakehead in rainy season accounted for 9.53% of total capture production, which was higher than that in dry season (1.44%). Common fishing gears for catching snakehead in rainy season were bamboo fish trap, hook line on bamboo pole, and long line hook with two-fixed pole, with the production being 688, 261 and 232 kg/household/crop respectively. Majority of people living in flood area are depended on fish capture, in which percentage of total people under completely relying on capture and surveyed relying on capture together hired labor were 16% and 47%, respectively. Profit was 11.6 million VND/household/year and cost benefit ratio was 1.77.

This research was conducted from July to November 2013 in Ca Mau province, through directly interviewing 62 respondents, including 56 actors participating in the value chain of organic shrimp-mangrove and 6 key managers from Mangove forest Management Units and Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Ngoc Hien and Nam Can Districts. The result showed that there were fivedistribution channels of organic shrimp production, in which three key channels were “Farmers – Middlemen – Procesors”, “Farmers – Middlmen – Wholesalers – Processors” and “Farmers – Wholesalers – Processors”. All channels were characterized by unequal distribution of total added value (TAV) and income among chain actors. The cost price of farmers was 104.9 thousand VND/kg and sold to middlemen with the price of 197.1 thousand VND/kg, contributing to 53.3% of TAV. The difference in selling price between middlemen and wholesalers was 24.9 thousand VND/kg. Middlemen shared 14.4% TAV. Wholesalers resold about 98.5% of raw shrimp to processors with the price of 244.5 thousand VND/kg, accounting for 13.0% of TAV. Finally, the processors exported shrimp and get a profit of 12.4 thousand VND/kg, allocating 19.4% of TAV in the value chain. The total net income was unequally shared, mainly focusing on processors.

This analysis is based on the data collected from two surveys by M.V SEAFDEC 2 to represent the North East monsoon (May-July) and South West monsoon (October-December), 2012. In the surveys, fish eggs and larvae samples were collected by two types of nets: Surface and vertical nets. The data show that, the near shore and around large islands were high concentration of different marine fishes and very good habitat for juveniles. Species composition of fish eggs and larvae were higly diversity: in North East monsoon appeared 79 genus, 64 species belong to 61 families; in South West monsoon were 87 genus, 69 species belong to 55 families. In the Gufl of Tonkin, around Long Chau islands, Me islands, Ba Lat estuary... density of fish eggs and larvae has large range observed appear in South West monsoon. In North East monsoon, density of fish eggs and larvae was over 5,000 ind./1000m3 in South West sea waters, Tonkin Gufl and up welling area of Binh Thuan. The density of fish eggs and larvae estimated for Tonkin Gufl and South West sea waters was highest, followed by South East and lowest in Centre sea waters.

In periods from 2007-2008, total of seven ichthyoplankton surveys were carried out in the Southestern waters of Vietnam representative for the Northeast (Feb. and Nov.) and Southwest monsoon seasons (May and Aug.) with total of 2100 samples in which 700 specimens on the early life stages of shrimp were collected by bottom sampling net. Initially, 60 species belonging 37 genera in 22 families were identified. High-density distribution of shrimp were found closed to the estuaries and coastal zones, and also around islands. In the Northeast monsoon seasons, breeding areas of shrimp were in the coastal zones of Vung Tau, Ben Tre, around Nam Du and Ba Lua islands. The highest density was recorded at 13,011 ind./1000 m3. In the Southwest monsoon seasons, the breeding areas were in coastal areas of Binh Thuan, in coastal areas from Ben Tre to Ca Mau, around Nam Du and Hon Chuoi islands. The highest density was 9,521 ind./1000 m3. These areas could be considered to set up the  forbidden or limited exploination during spawning seasons and planing serves  for fishery resource management.

“Diary in Prison” is one of the famous works of President Ho Chi Minh. From the date of birth up to now, “Diary in prison” has been warmly welcome by Vietnammese people and has been teaching in secondary schools and universities in our country At the same time, it has been translated into many languages around the world. More than 70 years from the birth of poetry, the work was analyzed and evaluated by researchers, educators, literary critics at different angles. The author wish to analyse in depth “The big ideas of revolutionary path” which is expressed through “Diary in Prison”. Once again, this is the occasion for us to learn, deepening ideological, moral of Ho Chi Minh - a communist fighter, a great poet of the nation on 70 year anniversary of the birth “Diary in prison”.

All behavior is motivated by some need, however, applying motivation theory in poor women’s labour force participation is still limited. Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Alderfer's ERG theory, this study is aimed at identifying the motivational determinants of poor women’s work in Can Tho. Data for the study were collected from a survey on 125 women living in poor, upper-poor and escaped-poor households in Can Tho. Research methods include independent sample T-test, Cronbach's Alpha test, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and binary logistic regression. Research results showed that only existence needs positively influence the poor women’s participation in labour force, while relatedness and growth needs has no statistical significance. The study findings showed that women in labour force have higher levels of fulfillment of needs than the other.

The study aimed to develop social enterprise through Universities. The results indicated that the development of academic curriculum and teaching skills are crucial. The academic curriculum is contributing to this movement by introducing students to unique business models toward social enterprise development. We suggested that the academic courses development should include writing a social business plan for a social enterprise, consulting with an earned income strategy for a social organization, and writing a grant proposal for a social enterprise development.

Structural Equation Modeling was employed to examine relationships of brandawareness, perceivedquality, brand associations and brand loyalty on overall brand equity of Syngenta crop protection brand. In this way, this research has quantified impacts of dimensions of brand equity on overall brand equity and a mutual correlation between dimensions. Research results indicated that there are 3 out of 4 dimensions having direct impact on overall brand equity, but brand loyalty was not really impact on overall brand equity.

The issue of foreign direct investment (FDI) has been affecting the world economy for years and is a considerable subject for both developed and developing countries. FDI is the fixed form of international business operation made across the national borders made mostly by the multi-national corporations. The positive impact of FDI inflow in a host country is expected to emerge as capital accumulation, technology transfer, know-how acquisition, innovative capacity and economic growth eventually. Therefore, most of countries, especially developing countries, always adjust appropriately institutions and policies to attract FDI inflows. Using differenced panel GMM Arellano-Bond estimation and the PMG estimation method, this paper investigates the effects of market-size, labor force, fiscal deficits, infrastructure, trade openness and inflation on FDI inflows in eleven Asian countries in period of 1990 – 2011. Results show that except the fiscal deficit has statistically negative impact on FDI in case of PMG estimation, in both estimation methods, market-size, labor force and trade openness are significant determinants of FDI.

Development of an economic model farms is one of the strategic directions of Vietnam's agricultural economics. On the basis of analyzing the current situation of development of economic farm model in Hung Nguyen district, Nghe An province recenly, it is possible to identify factors that constraint the development of economic farm model in Hung Nguyen district, Nghe An Province, as well as to contribute intoshaping and building the effective model in Hung Nguyen district, Nghe An province.

The purpose of this study was to understand the factors affecting the income of rice farmers in Can Tho. The study surveyed 190 rice farmers in Vinh Thanh, Co Do, Thoi Lai districts in Can Tho city in order to analyze how rice production has an influence on farmers’ income. The methods used in this research is descriptive statistics and multivariate regression. Results showed that the income of rice farmers is still low. The study also identified that factors such as acreage, production expenses, the price of rice, rice production and the genderhave pretty strong influence on incomes of rice farmers in Can Tho

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the credit of commercial aquaculture farms in the province of Kien Giang. Logit regression model is applied to analyzefactors affecting the ability to use trade credit .Tobit regression model isapplied to analyze factors that affect the amount of trade credit of commercial farms. Results Analysis of logit regression models indicate that major factors affecting the ability to use trade credit for the farm arebank credit limits, offers, acquaintance relations, on-credit buying habits savings and age of household owner. Tobit regression analysisshows some important factors affecting the credit quality of the commercial farms such asbank credit limits, savings, profitability and costs of aquacultural activities.

In recent years, tourist satisfaction evaluation has become a hot topic for tourism research. Many studies have pointed out that the enhancement of tourist satisfaction not only has positive effects on the tourist loyalty and purchasing power, but also stimulates mouth-to-mouth advertisement and eases price sensitivity. Based on conception of many benefits of tourist satisfaction for tourism development; the research is aimed to evaluate international tourist satisfaction level, analyse influencing factors to international tourist satisfaction to floating market tourism at Can Tho city and surroundings, and make recommendations to enhance satisfaction levels of international tourists to this type of tourism.

This article presents the results of a survey on the situation of labor migrants who have left their home provinces, and on the factors that attract these laborers back to their local areas for work. The study was based on a randomized survey of 103 laborers in 4 hamlets in the town of Tran De, Tran De district, Soc Trang province and use of factor analysis rotation in an EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) model. The results showed that four groups of factors affecting the attraction for returning laborers include: (1) their families situations - returning home creates more convenient chances for their children going to school and childcare at home; (2) local work opportunities - strong attraction playing a major role in their decision to return home - socio-economic development conditions in the local area are expected to generate many new opportunities for their own capacity development; (3) the working environment and high costs of living outside their home provinces - pushing force to migration back local areas; and (4) high competition and pressures, and unsuitable work outside home provinces - leading to their unstable incomes.

This research is aimed to assess adaptive capacity of rice producers in the Mekong Delta to climate change impacts. Adaptive capacity of rice producers was assessed in four provinces located in the South of Bassac River characterized by different soils types and hydrological regimes, including An Giang (flood-prone), Can Tho (alluvial soils), Hau Giang (acid sulfate soils) and Bac Lieu (saline water). The research was done through the qualitative approach, mainly focus group discussion. Twenty three groups of rice producers, who were classified based on land sizes (less and more than 1 ha of agricultural land) and major rice-based farming systems in the research sites, were investigated. The research findings indicated that major natural hazards were abnormally high temperature, submergence by floods or rains, drought, salinity intrusion and rice pest outbreaks. Rice producers have applied response strategies to these hazards; however, they have had enabling and constraining factors that have influenced their adaptation. Major enabling factors found were area of agricultural land and resource use efficiency, media means and community-based organizations (e.g. seed and extension clubs). Constraining factors were diverse, including lacks of labour, little agricultural land, surface water pollution, lacks of access to short-term loans, and community-based organization participation.

Service quality was no longer a new concept for those who are working in the field of health care because it is an important factor to increase the competitiveness of the hospital. This study is aimed to assess the level of patient satisfaction on the service quality at the Central Hospital in Can Tho. After surveying 100 patients inpatient treatment at the hospital, the study Adopting the methods of cronbach’s alphatesting and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a survey of 100 in-patients at the hospital, the study revealed four factors related to the level of patient satisfaction on the service quality at the hospital, including “Response”, “Quality care”, “Quality of diagnosis/treatment” and “Tangible”. Based on chi-square testing method. this study also showed that significant differences in patients’ satisfaction level are due to patients’ education level and health status at discharge.

This study aims to identify the determinants of households’ expenditure in MekongRiver Delta (MRD). The data from Vietnam Households Living Standard Survey (VHLSS) 2010 are employed to analyse. The results show that the households’ expenditure for education is quite low in MRD in comparision with other daily expenditures. In addition, although there are diffirences in expenditure level between households in urban and rural areas, the difference between households living in dissimilar areas regarding to total income level is not significant. Besides, the censor regession Tobit model states that the important factors which affect on education expenditure are years in school of household head, age of household head and total income of household. Other determinants which also increase the level of education expenditure are tutorial activity and the number of male and female students in households.

The objective of this paper is to measure household technical efficiency (TE), allocative efficiency (AE), cost efficiency (CE) and scale efficiency (SE) in the O Mon District, Can Tho City. Conclusions from the findings are made more valuable with comparisons of the efficiencies among three crops of rice - black sesame - rice pattern. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach has been applied to cross-sectional data obtained for the 2011 agricultural year in O Mon District in order to estimate household efficiencies. The empirical results indicate that farmers using the pattern of rice - black sesame - rice mostly attain high efficiencies in comparison with the best performance households.

Reduction of fish resources is a root of vulnerability to livelihoods of the poor in flooded areas of An Giang province. There are five major factors affecting natural fish reduction. They are population pressure, destructive fishing tools, dyke development, pesticides and Mekong discharge decline. There are differences between the people living inside and outside of the dykes. Livelihoods of the people living inside of dykes have been changed faster toward better lives and more diversification than those of the outsiders because outsiders’ livelihood remains depending on fish resources. It is necessary to use opportunities to develop strengths and reduce risks as well as challenges for proposing better livelihood options. In addition, rising awareness for local people for benefit balance among different groups in the communities is crucial.

The paper firstly outlines overview of investment and usage of machines of the enterprises specializing in services and commerce in Can Tho city. More important thing, the factors that affected the decision to apply advances in science and technology in business activity of those enterprises has been measured as the second objective. The empirical results indicate that the ratio of machine value to total capital is rather low, and the usage of machine of the enterprises is not effective. Moreover, three factors that significantly affect on decision in applying advances in science and technology include profit, capital and operation years of the enterprises.

The aim of this research was to identify the relationship between exporting negotiators’ cognition of partners’ national culture and negotiation outcome. Based on a set of primary data collected from 60 exporting negotiators of exporting companies in Can Tho city and by PLS estimate method, we found that the cognition of negotiatiors about partners’ national culture affect indirectly to negotiation outcome through exporting negotiators’ cognition of partners’ Problem - Solving Approach (PSA) and PSA of negotiators. Specifically, negotiators’ cognition of Hofstede’s individualism/collectivelism (IDV) cultural value (1980) and Hall’s cultural time systems (1983) positively influenced to negotiators’ cognition of partners’ PSA. Next, the result of this study also indicated that exporting negotiators’ cognition of partners’ PSA positively affected to negotiators’ PSA. Lastly, negotiators’ PSA positively influenced to negotiation outcome.