To determine the most suitable watermelon varieties grafting on gourd to enhance plant growth, fruit yield and percentage of square fruit three treatments were 3 worship watermelon cultivars: 1/ Hong Cuc grafted on gourd (Hong Cuc was OP. local varieties as check: big fruit and yellow skin), 2/ TN568A grafted on gourd (F1 TN568A was imported variety, big fruit and dark-green skin) and 3/ Yellow grafted on gourd (F1 Yellow was imported variety, medium fruit weight and yellow skin). Traditional star bottle gourd (Lagernaria sp.) were used as rootstock. The experiment was designed RCBD with 4 replications at Agricultural Experimental Farm of Cantho University from November 2007 to January 2008. Results show that Hong Cuc grafted on gourd and TN568A grafted on gourd gave similar plant growth and fruit yield, higher than Yellow grafted on gourd. Cultivar TN568A obtained the best results on big and medium square watermelon fruits at the frame size of 17x17x19 cm, 15x15x17 cm and 14x14x16 cm; followed by Hong Cuc with square fruit sizes of 15x15x17 cm, 14x14x16 cm and 12x12x14 cm and Yellow grafted on gourd gave small square watermelon fruit sizes of 12x12x14 cm and 14x14x16 cm but the highest successful percentage. TN568A grafted on gourd can be used for making big square watermelon surving New Year, following by Hong Cuc grafted on gourd.

This study aimed to establish the basic information about the prevention of bird flu disease and production of local chicken breeds which are mostly kept in the households and to study the modes of production that are being used in the countryside. The transaction and re-consultation methods were used by a list of questionnaire to survey 408 households from five districts including Cai Rang (n=90), O Mon (n=75), Thot Not (n=91), CoĐo (n=91), Vinh Thanh (n=61). The results showed that poultry production in Cantho province has increased at a particularly rapid rate of 28.79% for chicken and 205.97% for duck, respectively. The efficacy of influenza vaccination in chicken and duck were 88.99% and 97.42%. The results also showed that Vinh Thanh has the highest number of chickens and the largest land holding (p < 0.01) while O Mon is significantly different in the longest raising time and highest percentage of mortality. Tau and Noi chickens are the popular local chicken breeds kept under household condition.

This project was conducted at Phung Hiep district (Hau Giang province) and in the Plant Protection Dept. lab of CTU, from March 2006 to June 2007 to determine the causal agents of root rot disease on ginger and to test ?the model of integrated pest management (IPM)? to control this disease. The IPM model was implemented with three treatments: (1) IPM1 with medium root stock, (2) IPM2 with small root stock, and (3) Conventional farmer?s practices. Results showed that the causal agents can be one or/and many agents, such as the bacteria of Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas solanacearum; fungi of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi,  Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii; and nematode of Meloidogyne spp. The epidemic of root rot disease did not occur on two IPM treatments leading to 35-50% increase in yield compared to Farmer?s treatment.

The utilization of winged yam (Dioscorea alata) as source of carbohydrate in formulated fish feed was examinaed with Tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) catfish fingerling (18-20 g/fish). In the first experiment, apparent digestibility coefficient (ADCs) for drymatter (ADCdm), crude protein (ADCcp) and energy (ADCE) of winged yam were 52.7%, 81.3% and 50.8%, respectively. These results were similar to thoseobtained from  of rice bran which were 56.3%, 79.8% and 58.8%, respectively. In the second experiment, five isoenergetic (4.7 Kcal/g) and isonitroenous (35%) diets were test of which 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of rice bran and cassava meal  was replaced by winged yam.  High weight gain and good carcass composition obtained, a formulated feed that contained 25% winged yam (or 50% carbohydrate source replaced by winged yam) can be applied for Tra diet.

Tomatoes were harvested twice around optimum maturity for preservation and the experiments were carried out to determine whether storage of tomatoes under different temperatures (10-12oC and 25-27oC) may influence the fruit firmness, color and quality attributes (ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, acidity, Brix degree). The color and firmness of tomatoes were varied by further storage at those temperatures for various periods. The relationship of fruit firmness and ground color with quality attributes were analyzed to find out their relationship. Regression analysis with polynomial model (y = ax2 + bx+ c) was applied to describe the relationship between texture, color and other quality factors. High correlations between colour and texture parameters and quality attributes were found. The a value alone could be used to predict the firmness and quality attributes of tomatoes at different temperatures during storage.

In years 2006 and 2007, brown plant hopper caused serious damages and a lose of rice production in theMekongDelta and South-Eastern region. Some rice varieties which had been selected byUniversityofCan Thoand CBDC-BUCAP project were tested with NCVESC in  Wet Season 2007 and Dry Season 2008 to evaluate their adaptability to BPH pressure in theMekongDelta and South-Eastern region. The results showed that some varieties such as HĐ1, NV1, MTL466, MTL485, MTL498, MTL500 resisted to BPH at medium level (score from 3,7 to 4,3). Based on agronomic characteristics, BPH infected capacity, blast resistance and yield over trial sites in the Mekong Delta and South-Eastern region, there were some promising rice varieties such as: MTL466, MTL485, MTL498, MTL500, MTL523, HĐ1, NV1 had been selected.

The effects of different Cucurbita spp. rootstocks on melon cultivar was studied by comparing grafted plants with non-grafted one under open field growing condition in Agricultural Experimental Farm of Cantho University from February to April, 2008. Kim Co Nuong melon (Cucumis melo L.) was used as scion and the control. The commercial open-polinated (O.P). of Cucurbita spp. ?No. 1? and ?No. 3? fromJapanwere used as rootstocks. Two commercial rootstocks were compatible with Kim Co Nuong melon scion cultivar with high survival ratio after grafting over 90%. The results showed that grafted plants were affected by rootstocks. Stem length, leaf number and fruit yield (only one third) of grafted plants were lower than non-grafted but  total soluble solids content (Brix degree was 11,2%) of the fruit of the grafted plants on Gourd rootstock No. 3 were 1,2% higher than on rootstock No. 3 and 1,5% higher than the control.

Ten clones of ?Cau Duc? PMWaV2-free Queen pineapple were renewed by meristem tip culture. Then these plants were cultivated on field for comparison to suckers as initial materials. The primary results showed that these clones exhibited healthy turgor, non-symptomatic exposition. On the contrary, 84% of sucker plants exposed the typical symptom desease. Moreover, agronomic parameters of plant, fruit shape and qualitative fruit of the 10 clones are not significant comparing to sucker plants.

Studies were conducted at Chau Thanh district (Long An province) from March 2006 to June 2007 in order to investigate on the species composition of insect pests, natural enemies and especially the fruitflies in the Dragon Fruit gardens by (1) interviewed farmers on the current status of cultural practices and control of pests and diseases and (2) surveyed the species composition and importance of insect pests, natural enemies and, especially, the fruitflies in farmers? fields. Results of the farmers? interview by questionaires (n=100) showed that majority are small farmers of less than 5000 sqm. area, used a high number of pesticides (18 insecticides and 16 fungicides) and, sometimes, applied up to 6-10 sprays per fruit season. The farmers? fields survey revealed a total number of  91 insect species, belong to 47 families of 10 orders of insects and one order of spiders, of which 50 were insect pests, 37 natural enemies, and four anonymous in their roles. There were six species of fruitflies recorded by pheromone traps but only Bactrocera dorsalis and B. correcta attacked the ripened fruits, of which B. dorsalis is the  most more common species.

Many factors affect the  release of toxic metals to the environment in which oxidation of Sulfidic material is the important mechanism. Objectives of the study was to assess potential release of toxic metals As, Ni, Cr from sulfidic material in 15 Sulfidic soil samples in C horizon of different Acid Sulfate Soils (ASS) groups and non-acid alluvial soils by oxidation the samples at 60% water holding capacity in 3 weeks and 3 months. Results showed that the medians of the maximum content of metals after incubation were 1.19ppm As, 15.82 ppm Ni, 4.91ppm Cr. The medians of metal release in comparison to content of these metals in fresh samples were 0.7 ppm As, 7.61 ppm Ni, và 2.95ppm Cr. Maximum content of As, Cr after incubation was correlated with total sulfur content, except for Ni;  showing the release of metal was mostly originated from sulfidic materials and was not related to the classification of different ASS groups. It is suggested from the study that activities which cause oxidation of Sulfidic material in ASS or in non-ASS which has Sulfidic materials should now seriously be considered to stop further deterioration of water resources.

A series of experiments were conducted on smallholdings and on the experimental duck farm ofCanthoUniversityin theMekongDelta to evaluate performances and effects of the integrated ducks-rice and duck-rice-fish systems. These integrated systems reduced nitrogen fertilizer application, increased rice yields and increased total net economic benefits of the integrations. Use of duckweed (Lemna minor) in diets of growing ducks showed that the ducks fed duckweed grew as well as those fed the diet supplemented with protein from soya beans. Local breeding ducks fed duckweed as a complete replacement for protein supplement gave laying rate, fertile eggs as those fed the feed supplemented protein from soya bean and fish meal.   Use of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) to replace 5-25% the dry matter in diets of meat ducks did not influence to live weight gain and decreased feed costs 0.6-6.2%, respectively.

Under laboratory condition, the isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana at a concentration of 10^8conidia.mL-1 killed larvae of the toy beetles. Cumulative mortality caused by Metarhizium anisopliae isolates of  Ma7-CT, Ma12-TV and Ma13-TV may effectively control the toy beetles  above 70% at 28 days after treatment with dose 10^8conidia.mL-1. The Beauveria bassiana isolates also may effectively control toy beetles. The mortality of Bb3-CT, Bb4-CT and Bb9-CT is over 72 % at 28 days after treating.

This study was carried out on ?Xuong Com vang? longan 4-5 year old trees grafted on ?Da Bo? longan rootstocks at Chau Thanh district, Dong Thap province from 8/2007-6/2008. The experiments were the factorial experiments with two factors which were arranged in randomized completely block design, 5 replications, each replication equal to one tree. The first factors was dosages of potassium chlorate i.e. 0, 8, 16 and 24 g per meter of canopy diameter applying by collar drenching; the second one was application with and without 3-5 mm main branch cincturing. The results showed that the treatment of potassium chlorate at 24 g/m canopy diameter obtained the highest ratio of flowering (72.4%). Cincturing of main branch in 3-5 mm  increased ratio of flowering about 36%. Treatment of potassium chlorate at 24 g/m canopy diameter combination with cincturing induced early-season flowering 30 days earlier than that of control treatment. Treating KClO3 caused decreasing level of total nitrogen in leaf but increased the rate of C/N on flowering period. The ratio of flowering correlated negatively with total nitrogen in leaf (r=-0,83**) but positively correlated with ratio of C/N (r=0.82).

A complete randomized experiment was carried out to evaluate reproductive performance of crossbred rabbits fed para grass (PG), sweet potato vines and supplemented concentrate. The five treatments were CP intake levels of 27, 29, 31, 33 and 35g/doe/day, with three replicates and 2 does per experimental unit. The results of two litters show that DM intakes significantly increased with increasing CP intake levels (P

Micropropagation has been used to propagate watermelon (Compton và Gray, 1992, Adelberg et al., 1997; Kapiel, 2004) in the world and in Viet Nam (Lâm Ngọc Phương, 2003; Lâm Ngọc Phương & Nguyễn Bảo Vệ, 2006). Objective of this study is to evaluating the growth and the development of the micropropagated triploid seedless watermelon in the field.  The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments (V1 micropropagated plants, V2 micropropagated plants, V1 seed plants , V2 seed plants and V1 micrografted plants ) and 3 replications, each replication was of equal 20 plants.  Results showed that micropropagated triploid seedless plants were equivalent in vigor and produced fruits of similar size and quality when compared to seed plants.

This paper is aimed to analyze and to compare the technical-economic indicators as well as the perception of the farmers of common black tiger (Penaeus monodon) shrimp and organic one in Camau province ? the biggest shrimp producer ofVietnam.. The results show that growing-out organic shrimp had some advantages such as better profit, diversification of aquatic products, and less negative effects on the environments than the other farming of black tiger shrimp in the area. More over, the farming of organic shrimp has positive impacts on the natural aquatic resources and mangrove ecosystems. The organic shrimp industry, therefore, has a good opportunity to develop. Major solutions for a further development of the organic black tiger shrimp in the study area are sugested as follows: (i) more appropriate planning of shrimp farming area in order to reduce the negative impacts on the environment or the impacts from the surrounding shrimp farming areas; (ii) more supportive policies to encourage the development of organic shrimp industry, the investment should be synchronized to all of the segments of the industry; (iii) better training on the technical aspects following the organic farming techniques, to both the reproduction and the growing-out activities; (iv) small organic shrimp also need to be traded; and (v) better marketing activities, especially advertisement and market promotion in order to expand the markets for organic shrimp. In addition, it is also important to conduct further studies on the rate of mangroves/total farm area as well as the appropriate exploitation of shrimp broodstock, and the diversification of aquatic species for farming systems of organic shrimp.

A study on the influence of organic acids and washing conditions (time: 1 to 5 minutes; ratio of shrimp to acid solution: 1/1; 1/1.5; 1/2 and 1/2.5) on the quality attributes of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) was carried out. During experiments, growth of total plate count and coliforms and changes in pH, texture, color and sensory qualities of black tiger shrimp were determined. The results showed that, treated black tiger shrimp in lactic acid solution of 0.3%, mixture E400 0.07% in 2 minutes, ratio of shrimp to acid solution 1/2 had lower microbial count if compared to control. However shell of shrimp was discoloration when materials were treated with mixture E400. The results showed that lactic acid can be used for washing black tiger shrimp materials in the seafood processing  factories, but chlorine should be limited  use.

The project was conducted at Can Tho University and the provinces having intensive vegetable production in the Mekong Delta, during the period of July 2003 to December 2005, to study the damage potential of insect pests and diseases and then test the models of IPM application for the vegetable production by (1) surveys of farmers by using questionnaires (n=160) on their current cultural practices and pest control on vegetables, (2) field trial of IPM for a selected vegetable crop (cucumber) to understand the species composition, density development and damage of pests in a seasonal crop, and (3) IPM model design and test on farmer?s fields for five major crops of cucumber, bitter gourd, green bean, green cabbage and ?hung cay? (a common scented leaf vegetable). Results indicated that: (1) the development of insect pests and diseases was able to monitor and forecast for effective IPM application, (2) the number of pesticide application was reduced significantly, (3) higher yields led to higher economic ratios, and (4) farmers were able to follow this simple method of pest monitoring in the IPM model. The advanced cultivation procedure integrated with IPM was proposed for the five vegetable crop species.

This study was conducted to establish mango expanding year-round production toward GAP in Cao Lanh district, Dong Thap province. A survey of flowering technique was carried out by direct interviewing 110 growers whose mango growing area are larger than 2,000 square meters  from March to June/2007. Demonstrations of flowering treatment in early-season and late-season of ?cat Hoa Loc? mango and ?catChu? mango were built up at My Xuong village with an area of 0.5 hectare per each demonstration. Nitrate residue in fruit flesh was analyzed by Spectrophotometer at wavelength of l 450 nm; pesticide residue was estimated by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) at Advanced laboratory, Can Tho University. The results showed that Anthracnose and Bacterial Black Spot are the two serious diseases in rainy season, while thrips, fruit borer and Idioscopus spp. are detrimental insects in dry season. Growers applied pesticides 11.7 ± 2.7 and 14,1 ± 2,9  times in case of  with or without using bag to wrap young fruit, respectively. There were 35% of growers using Taiwanese bag for fruit wrapping at 45 days after fruit set. Yield of late-season is higher than that of early-season 1.8-2 folds. Fruit wrapping at 40 days after fruit set could  help reduce damage of bacteria fruit gumming, 3 times of pesticide spraying in fruit developing stage.

This study was conducted to provide an understanding on the flowering, and fruit development process of ?Ha Chau? baccaurea.  Four male and six female of  25-year old Baccaurea trees grown in Phong Dien District, Can Tho City were used for this study conducted from 3-12/2007. Flowering was observed on 15-20 inflorescences per tree when their length has already reached to 1 mm. Fruit development and fruit retention was recorded every 10 days after fruit set until harvest period. The results showed that male and female tree flowered at the same time and developed in 33.5 ± 0.9 days. The bloom started anthesis at the day 29.3 ± 0.4 and prolonged in 3.7 ± 0.3 days. The rate of fruit set was high (87.5%), fruit abscission occurred at 8 ? 20 day after fruit set, mostly at 16 day period. Ratio of fruit retension per inflorescence is relative low (6.9± 1.1 fruit/inflorescene), accounted for 13.2%. The duration from fruit set until harvest when color of fruit skin turned to milky white is 130 days. Fruit weigh increased dramatically at 80 ? 90 days after fruit set due to development of fruit flesh. Average weigh is 14.26 ± 0.4 g and its eatable flesh rate is 61.1%.

Domestic rabbits at Can Tho City andSocTrangProvincewere infected the coccidiosis at the rate of 65.16%. The infection rate on rabbits in Can Tho City (69.50%) was higher than that ofSocTrangProvince(58.47%). Domestic rabbits of all ages were infected oocysts at high rate with the prevalence of infection on 1-2 months of age (100%), 2-3 months of age (94.37%), 3-4 months of age (58.9%). The prevalence of infection was decreased according to the age and the lowest infection rate at 24-month rabbits (28.57%). There are five species of Eimeria have been found in domestic rabbits including E.perforans, E. media, E.magna, E.stiedae and E.irressidua.The symptoms of coccidiosis-infected domestic rabbits are rough coat, loss of weight and diarrhea. Regecoccin and Anticoc showed their positive effects in the treatment of coccidiosis in rabbits with 1 gram of Regecoccin per 15 kilos body weight for five days or 20 grams of Anticoc per 15 kilos body weight for five days.

Elevent imported melon varieties (F1) were evalated for their yield and horticultural characters in net house at Agricultural Experimental Farm ofCanthoUniversityfrom March to May 2007. The result of the experiment indicated that the total yield and marketable yield per hectare were significant differerent among all varieties. The marketable yield were high, ranged from 21,0 t/ha to  32,3 t/ha. Four promising varieties as Kim Co Nuong, Melon 1864, Phuong Thanh Thanh và Melon Hoang Hat in term of fruit uniformity, short duration 60-70 days, total soluble solids contents (TSS) in fruit were rather high (10,3 - 12,4%). Kim Co Nuong (to be used  as check has because of growing many years inVietnam) was lowest fruit yield but the best TSS, crispy texture and longest shelflife. Insects and dieases incidence in net house were minimal during the conduct of the experiment.

Intensive rice cultivation is the popular land use system in theMekongDelta, especially on fertile alluvial soil areas along the river. Due to the management practices for intensive rice production as puddling, inorganic fertilizer application, increased mechanization, etc., soil properties has been modified tremendously especially in physical soil characteristic. Paddy soils in Long Khanh and Vinh My village are normally characterized with the plough layer (Ap) and underlying compacted layers (Bg). Two prominent physical soil degradation types founded in rice fields are subsoil compaction and soil structural degradation due to (1) illuviation process of fine particles, (2) mono-rice cultivation with high soil rotation, (3) increased mechanization in wet tillage, (4) declination of soil organic matter. Besides that, the results of field experiment initially revealed the positive effects of alternative crop rotation on rice yield and soil structural stability due to the appropriate land management.

The research about ?Effect of the storage bags to peanut seed?s quality? to be carried out to find the kind of bag to be prolong the germination ability of peanut after harvesting. The random complete block design with six treatments (net bag, paper bag, polyprolen bag, one layer plastic bag, two layer plastic bag and three layer plastic bags) was done in the experiment. The results showed that: After 4 month stored the germination of peanut seed was low (70%-75%) in the net, paper and polyprolen bags while the germination of seeds were high (91%-95%) until 6 month in plastic bag 1-3 layers. Lipid content decreased and seed moisture increased during storage.

Experiment were conducted to determine the dietary lysine requirement for striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) with initial weight from 2-3 g/fish. Diets experiments contained approximately isonitrogenous (38%) and isolipidic (7%). L-lysine HCl was added to the basal diet with seven treatments which containing from 7.3 to 31.3 g lysine/kg diet (19.3 to 82.4 g lysine/ kg protein) with about 4 g/kg diet increments. Results indicated that maximum weight gain, special growth rate, protein efficiency ratio occurated at 61.4 g lysine/kg protein and there were obtained significantly differences at dietary lysine levels from 19.3 to 40.3 g/kg protein among the treatments. The protein content of fish were significantly affected by dietary lysine levels. Feed conversion rate FCR were significantly (p

Gac fruit could be a new and potentially valuable source of lycopene. The concentration of lycopene in the Gac seed membrane is about ten-fold higher than that in known lycopene-rich fruits and vegetables. Food processing could have an impact on the stability and eventually the functionality of health related components in food products. The current article gives an overview on the effects of extrinsic factors (temperature, time, food additives?) during processing of Gac fruit products (Jelly, gummy candy, juice, oil, cake..) on health related components and total carotenoid are chosen as main component of a case study. The obtained results showed that the ripened Gac fruit had higher carotenoid content. The minimum loss of carotenoid was found after pre-treatment of gac at 60oC and 10 minutes by using oven dryers.

Because of increasing three crops per year requirement in the MekongDelta, so good short mature varieties with high quality (high protein and low amylose content) and yield are needed to meet for  this region. A cross Jasmine 85 x Amaroo (an introduced short maturity variety from Australia)? was carried out in 2005. Results showed that  Jasmine-TP5-1 (one of four excellent lines) was chosen by protein SDS-PAGE method and tested by DNA technique. This pure line was highest yield, short maturity (A0 group< 90 days), resistant to rice blast disease, high protein (13,3%) and  amylose (13,5%) contents  and stable flavour.

Six varieties of lettuces including: 1/ TN 102; 2/ TN 105; 3/ TN 123; 4/ TN 160; 5/ DUN VANG and 6/ SG 592 were compared in the randomized complete block design with 6 variants were 6 varieties of lettuces and 3 replications. The results showed that TN 102, DUN VANG and SG 592 gave high remarkable yields (ranged from 17.83 ? 21.67 t/ha), and showed a better growing ability results than the 3 other varieties.

The study was carried out to determine effects on rice growths and yields in fresh rice straw incorporations of flooded soils and some soil solution properties. Factorial in Complete Block Design was used with 4 replications; there were 2 factors, 3 soil types in factor one (Humic Tropaquepts Vĩnh Long, Sulfic Humaquepts Tiền Giang and Typic Tropaquepts-salic Trà Vinh) and 4 fresh rice straw weights incorporation in factor two (0.0; 1.25; 2.5 and 5.0 g.pot-1 of 4 kg dry soils). Results showed that the fresh rice straw incorporation of 1.25 to 5.0 g.pot-1 were decreased plant height and tillers in all treatments; Sulfic Humaquepts Tiền Giang and Typic Tropaquepts-salic Trà Vinh had lower plant height and tillers than Humic Tropaquepts Vĩnh Long; the fresh rice straw incorporated soils of 2.5 and 5.0 g.pot-1 had decreased number of panicles per pot and full grains per panicle; the rice yields per pot of 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 g.pot-1  fresh rice straw incorporation were lower (29.05, 24.17 and 20.27 g.pot-1) than no fresh rice straw incorpotation (34.23 g.pot-1), there were lower rice yields 15%, 29% and 41% respectively. The fresh rice straw incorporation soil solutions had made to increase in toxic substances as over 1,400 mmolc.m-3 total organic acid and over 0.10 ppm H2S concentrations, low increase in pH values, dissolvent NH4+ concentration reduction and decreased rice growths and yields.

In southern Vietnam, mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is an important fruit and has high economic. The incidences of gamboges disorder (GD) and translucent flesh disorder (TFD) are both major problems, which has markedly reduced quality of mangosteen fruit.  These studies were conducted to determine the effect of soil moisture and applied chemicals (CaCl2 and H3BO3) on the incidence of translucent flesh disorder and gamboge disorder in mangosteen. Three experiments were carried out at Cho Lach district ? Ben Tre province.  The results showed that: (1) Soil moisture had effect on the incidences of GD and TFD; (2) Spraying with CaCl2 at 2,000 ppm combined with H3BO3 200 ppm reduced on the GD, but no effect on the TFD; and (3) transparent plastic cover (no irrigation) combined with CaCl2 2% spraying before harvest (four times, at ten - day intervals) had prevented on the incidences of GD and TFD.

In order to evaluate the technical and economical aspects of nursery and intensive culture of the goby (Pseudapocryptes lanceolatus) in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, a questionnaire survey was carried out with 19 households of fish seed nursery in Bac Lieu province and 61 households of fish farming in Soc Trang, Bac Lieu and Ca Mau.  The results showed that wild goby seeds were nursed on earthen tanks lined with nylon sheets. Each household had 35.26 ± 51.42m2 of nursery tanks, nursed 5.05 ± 2.01 batches/year, supplied 3.04 ± 2.28 millions of fish seeds per year, and earned average net income of  44,16 ± 52,09 million VND per year. For intensive farming of the goby, average culture pond area was 0.60±0.70 ha per household. Fish seeds were usually stocked during the raining season at the density of 80.9±44 fish/m2. Fish were fed with pellet feed and FCR was about 1.74±0.19.  Culture period was 4-5 months. Fish yield and net income were 4.884±3.013 kg/ha/crop and 90.368±95.832 million VND/ha/crop, respectively. 

Some studies on Avian Inffluenza (AI) were carried out in provinces of An giang, Hau giang, Soc trang, Vinh long, Dong thap, Bac lieu, Ca mau and Tra vinh from 2004 to 2008. Serological test of health and vaccinated birds were done by haemaglutination inhibition test (HI) with H5N1 AIV antigent(Inactivated Ag,Vet Lab Agency UK). Lesion samples of infected ducks and chickens were tested for virus H5N1 by RT- PCR. One step RT-PCR kit QIAGen (Catalog # 210212) and specific primer with type A and subtype H5 (CDC Japan) was used. Research results included AI outbreak situation in above areas; the transmission of  AI H5N1 virrus; infected bird lesion samples tested and serological and immunological responses of ducks and poultry with H5N1, H5N2 vaccines were presented in this report.

To build a feasible and sensible decision support system in real local conditions by the combination of two different software (i.e. Idrisi, Stella). Base on data of households interview and Participate Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach, orientations for future development based on the local stakeholders (i.e. local government and local farmers) and the requirements of different land use types are explored and presented. The urgent issues at the being time are presented as well. Integrated land use planning procedure is proposed with the contribution of the local government and local farmer in order to get an integrated and sustainable land use planning. The results obtained by the cultivation system analysis approach and land resources evaluation in terms of physical, social-economic and environment characteristics present different zone within the local area. They are: (i) fresh water zone with the two rice crops and the combination of two rice crops and fishery; (ii) brackish zone with shrimp - rice system and the system of shrimp - rice + fishery; and, (iii) shrimp farming specially applied for the salty water zone.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of treating pre-harvest and concentration of ethephon treating post-harvest on pulp quality of ?Monthong? durian in Cho Lach district, Ben Tre province from 12/2006 to 4/2008. The factorial experiment with two factors was arranged in randomized completely design, 5 replications, each replication equal to one fruit. The first factor was with or without application pre-harvest treatment including spraying Ca(NO3)2 0.2% two months after fruit set, 15 days later spraying MgSO4 0.2% plus spraying KNO3 1% one month before harvesting then mound mulching at 25 days before harvest. The second one was dipping fruits into ethephon solution at four concentrations i.e. 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% after harvest.  The results showed that combination treatment pre-harvest with dipping fruits into ethephon solution at the concentration of 0,1-0.4% after harvest caused significant lower rate of uneven fruit ripening (UFR) in pulp at the rate that was not worth considering (0.69%). However, the percentage of water in pulp may increase leading decreasing TSS when dipping fruits into ethephon solution at 0.4%.

The effects of eight rootstocks including 6 eggplant and 2 tomato rootstocks, tomato cultivar Red crown 250, F1 was used as scion and check (non-grafted) under net house growing condition in Agricultural Experimental Farm of Cantho University from December 2007 to May 2008. Results show that all grafted plants grew well on the soil with high pressure of bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum from previous tomato season. There is significantly different among rootstock treatments on Red Crown 250 scion and control treatment on the yield, fruit size, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight and other agonomic characters. Red Crown 250 grafted on tomato Dalat gave the highest fruit yield (44.93 t/ha) similar with Red Crown 250 grafted on green eggplant 44.7 t/ha (31.5 fruit/plant) and the lowest fruit yield was Red Crown 250 non-grafted (8,96 tấn/ha). The rootstocks belong to the eggplant group as Hanoi, Mustang, EG195, EG203 (disease index 0.0%) resisted to Ralstonia solanacearum better than tomato group (disease index 8.3-29.2%) and non-grafted was very sensitive (disease index 95%).

CERES-Soybean is one of crop models in DSSAT software which simulates plant growth processes, crop management, etc in specific soil and weather conditions so that we can find good solutions for improving yield of soybean effectively. The survey showed that yield of soybean at Tan Chau varied from 2.2 to 4.0 ton/ha, the average was 3.07 tons/ha. While that of at Cho Moi varied 2.5 to 3.64  tons/ha, and the average was 2.96 tons/ha. At 330.000 plants ha-1, simulated result showed that the yield of cultivar DT2006 (3.000 kg/ha) was higher than that of cultivar Dabo2008 (2.860 kg/ha). This is consistent with  observed results that yield of DT2006 (2.900 kg/ha) was higher than that of Dabo2008 (2.300 kg/ha). Based on above results, farmers are encouraged to select suitable soybean cultivars to gain optimal yield.

This experiment was conducted during 5 months in recirculation system to investigate the effect of different diets on growth and survival rate of sweet snailBabyloniaareolata. Seed of snails (0.4g/ind.) were cultured in 200L tanks with sandy bottom at the density of 65 snails/tank. Seawater (30?) were recirculated from seaweed tank to biofilter and returned to cultured tanks. The amount of 30% seawater volume of system was added biweekly to compensate the evaporation of leaking. Four different diets were used with triplactes per treatment as follow: 1/Marine trash fish (MTF); 2/Freshwater crab (FC); 3/Golden apple snail (GAS); 4/Asian freshwater clam (AFC). Quantity of food varied from 20% to 5% from the first to fifth month of cultured period. After 5 months of culture, total weight of sweetsnail reached highest in GAS (4.8 g/ind.) and lowest in FC (3.5 g/ind.). The survival rate of sweetsnails was highest in AFC (79.5%) and significantly higher than those in MTF (39.6%).

The life cycle of leaf roller Archips micacerana Walkeris from 25 to 34 days. The eggs will be hatched in 6 - 10 days. The larvae are 16.4 mm in length and whitish-grey color or dark bluish-grey color. Heads are shiny black. Each larva attacks the peanut leaf and inhabits in a rolled leaf. Larvae will be fully grown from 17 to 22 days. The pupae are 12.4 mm in length, dark-brown or black in color and live 5-10 days. Moths have the 9.5 - 10.7 mm wingspan, may live 9-14 days and each female lays 438-881 eggs during lifetime. Under laboratory condition, the isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae at the concentration of 10^8conidia.mL-1 killed larvae of the leaf roller. Cumulative mortality caused by Metarhizium anisopliae isolates of  Ma7-CT, Ma9-TV and Ma11-TV may effectively control the leaf roller above 92%  at 17 days after treatment with dose 10^8conidia.mL-1. In the net house conditions, bioproducts give high efficacy to control the leaf roller. The mortality is over 55% - 80% after 12 days of spraying. The field experiment of bioproducts may control leaf roller from 40 to 50% and peanut yield is 2.9 and 3.0 tons.ha-1 (Ma-DHCT and mixed bioproducts, respectively) at MyLongNamVillage, Cau Ngang District,TraVinhProvince.

This study was conducted to determine the time of inducing flower differentiation by spraying thiourea after applying paclobutrazol on off-season flowering of ?cat Chu? mango. The experiment was carried out in 6-year old tree, grown in alluvial soil along Tien river in Cao Lanh district, Dong Thap province from 4/2007 to 3/2008. The experiment was arranged in randomized completely design, five replications, and each replication to be equal to one tree. The treatments were time of thiourea spraying at the concentration of 0.5% that were 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0 months after applying PBZ by collar drenching at 1.5 g a.i./m canopy diameter and control treatment (without chemical application). The results showed that all treatments induced flowering by chemicals got the ratio of flowering higher than control. Thiourea spraying in time of 2 months got the highest ratio of flowering (75.6%) and highest yield (140 fruit/tree; 50.6 kg/tree) but it did not cause decrease the fruit weight and affect to fruit quality i.e. ratio of flesh and  oBrix of flesh.

A complete randomized design experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of different dietary crude protein levels on growth rate and nutrient digestibility of crossbred rabbits. The five treatments were dietary protein (CP) contents of 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18% CP,  with three replicates and 4 rabbits per experimental unit. The results show that the intakes of DM,OM, CP and EE significantly increased (P

Experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 under screenhouse and field conditions to select some chemicals having the ability of induced resistance against anthracnose disease on cucumber. Under screenhouse condition, Salawin cultivar was induced  by seed treating or leaf spraying with either of five chemicals e.g. CaCl2 (100mM); CuCl2 (0,075 mM); Chitosan (100 ppm), K2HP04 (50mM) and Salicylic acid (4mM) or combined seed treating and leaf spraying. Mummy cultivar was used under field condition. Results showed that chitosan and CuCl2  had ability not only to limit the leison but also had long effectiveness. CaCl2 had early shown the ability of induced resistance but short effectiveness.Under field condition, CaCl2 (100mM); CuCl2 (0,075 mM) and Chitosan (100 ppm) gave high effectiveness. Among them, CaCl2 had shown long effect (42DAS).

The effect of substrates, varieties and nutritions on the growth and plant weight of Lettuce (Lactuca sativar L.) were cultivated in home hydroponics. There were 3 experiments under pot conditions, a randomize complete design was used in all experiments with 4-5 replications, 5 plants per pot, the plant weight and horticultural characters were observed. Significant different in average plant weight of lettuce were observed among the treatments in each experiment. The first experiment, lettuce were cultivated in 4 kinds of substrates including Coconut fiber dust, Rice husk, Coconut fiber dust-Rice husk (1:1) and Coconut fiber dust-Rice husk (2:1). The highest plant weight obtained by the Coconut fiber dust-Rice husk (1:1) 6,74 g/plant and the lowest was Rice husk 5,02 g/plant (without roots). The second experiment, comparing four imported lettuce varieties including TN 105, TN 123, TN 160 and SG 592. SG 592 gave the highest stem height and plant weight (8.50 g/plant without roots). The third experiment, in comparison of four hydroponic nutrient solutions including MU, A, C and D used for planting lettuce. Results showed that nutrient solution A was the best (12,40 g/plant) and MU was the worst (7,72 g/plant).

The main objective of this study is finding the effective pre-harvest measure to improve the peel color, fruit weight and the post-harvest quality of Hong mandarin in order to transport the fruits farther and reduce a retaining matured fruits on the trees. Three-year Hong mandarin trees growing at Lai Vung, Dong Thap were used for this experiment in CRD with 2 factorial designs: 7 chemical treatments and 3 applied times. After harvesting, the fruits were storaged at room temperature condition and analysed at Department of Plant Physiology, CTU  in 2008. The results showed that: these experiments couldn?t change the peel color. Apart from the control, nearly all treatments applied 3 times increased the fruit weight, reduced the fruit weight loss ratio and had high Brix % ratio throughout the post-harvest storage. Some fruits quality indexes almost stably. The calcium treatments induced some fruit quality indexes highly, especially the treatment of CaCl2 and CaCl2 & boric acid.  Keywords: ?Hong? mandarin, CaCl2, KH2PO4, boric acid, preharvest, postharvest quality

Pesticide uses for rice increased greatly in the Mekongdelta. Although spraying pesticides is one of common ways to protect rice from insects, it also causes negative effects. Climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) is often found on ricefields; therefore, fish could not avoid of exposure to pesticides. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and water temperature (WT) on ricefields are highly fluctuated. Three levels of WT (20, 25 & 30oC) and two levels of DO (5mg/L) were conducted in laboratory to assess effects of diazinon on brain and muscle cholinesterase activity of the perch. Results indicate that WT, DO and interaction between WT and DO did not affect on brain and muscle ChE in the control fish. Increasing WT leaded to more ChE inhibition in diazinon treatment; DO and interaction between DO and WT did not affect on ChE inhibition by diazinon. The study suggests that the species is more risk of ChE inhibition in the high temperature. Keywords: Diazinon, Cholinesterase, Anabas testudineus, Temperature, Dissolved oxygen Title: Effects of insecticide diazinon on activity of enzyme cholinesterase in Climbing perch (Anabas testudineus): Effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen

This study was carried out farmer?s orchard in Cao Lanh district, Dong Thap province from 4/2007 to 5/2008 to determined the suitable concentration of paclobutrazol (PBZ) to induce flower initiation before breaking flower bud by spraying thiourea on ?cat Chu? mango. There were four treatments that were arranged in randomized completely design, five replications, each replication to be equal one tree. The treatments were four concentrations of PBZ i.e. 0, 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 g a.i. per meter of canopy diameter. Thiourea at 0.5% was spraid two months after applying PBZ by collar drenching to induce flower bud break for all of treatments. The results showed that all of PBZ treatments got the ratio of flowering higher that than that of control. At the level of 1.5 obtained the ratio of flowering (39.7%), long inflorescence (46.2 cm) and high yield (315 fruit/tree, 89.6 kg/tree.

The study aimed to identify the changes in soil organic matter quality related to rice yield under intensively triple rice crops at Cai Lay, Tien Giang and to evaluate the positive effects of different rice-upland crop rotations on soil organic matter quality and its capacity in supplying available nitrogen.  The results showed that rice yields gained after rotating with upland crop, i.e. baby corn or mungbean were significantly higher than those in the continuously triple rice system.  Rotation with upland crops was also resulted in significant higher contents of soil mobile humic acid (MHA), labile organic nitrogen and therefore, higher capacity in soil supplying available N in the following crop.  Applying labelled Urea-15N revealed that there was more soil mineral N taken up by rice in rotation systems compared to those in continuously triple rice system, corresponding with the trends in net N mineralization in these systems.

Pigs at Tra Vinh province were infected the coccidiosis at the rate of 63.3%. The infection rate of pigs in family farms (72.25%) was higher than that of commercial farms(54.20%). Pigs of all ages were infected oocysts at high rate with the prevalence of infection on weaned pigs (74.04%), piglets (65.88%), sows (58.9%) and fattening pigs (52.91%). The two infected genera were Isopora and Eimeria. The infection rate appeared in Eimeria debliecki (40.44%), Isopora suis (35.06%), Eimeria suis (33.27%), Eimeria perminuta (32.87%),  Eimeria polita (7.97%) and Eimeria scabra (3,59%). Bio Quino-coc and Baycox 5% showed their positive effects in the treatment of coccidiosis. A single dose of Baycox 5% is enough for the treatment of coccidiosis. As a result, pigs in Tra Vinh province were infected by coccidiosis at the high rate and the use of Baycox for treatment is more effective than Bio Quino-coc.

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