In this study, nanodispersion of difenoconazole (NDifen) was prepared by low energy emulsification method using methyl ester synthesized from waste vegetable oil as the dispersed phase throughout the aqueous medium. The average droplet size of NDifen is less than 100 nm which was characterized by modern physicochemical methods including dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM). The long-term stability property of NDifen was evaluated within 3 months with the active ingredient remaining more than 95%, determined by gas chromatography – flame ionization detector technique (GC-FID). The in vitro antifungal efficacy results on plant pathogenic fungal strains showed that NDifen could be 2 – 3 times superior to commercially available difenoconazole. The inhibitory effectiveness of NDifen is approximately 80% against Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium ambrosium at a concentration of 500 ppm meanwhile the commercial form is only about 60%. Therefore, Nanodifenoconazole could be a promising candidate for modern agrochemical science in the future.

Temperature has significant influences on many processes in physics, chemistry, biology, and human life. Controlling precisely temperature is therefore a basic but essential issue in automation control. This paper presents a method of building, controlling and monitoring a plant-based milk cooking system. Solidworks software was used to design 3D model for the system, from which to process mechanically the hardware, install electrical devices, and design a SCADA system. The tangent line method for system identification and the Internal Model Control (IMC) method are used to configure the PID controller applied to the temperature control of the system. Experimental results show that the plant-based milk’s temperature was stable at the set value (90°C) after 45 minutes with a steady-state error of approximately 2°C. This result is equivalent to the simulation result from the kinetic model with the setting time of 45 minutes and the steady-state error of about 1°C. The product after cooking and cooling is completely usable. Therefore, the built model basically meets the technological process requirements of an automatic plant-based milk cooking system.

This survey aimed to evaluate the phytoplankton population in Tra Su mangrove forest by seasons. Twenty sampling points that were chosen were representative of typical ecology areas in the forest. The phytoplankton population was defined by both qualitative and quantitative methods. During the dry season, 119 species of 6 algae divisions that were found at the highest rate were Chlorophyta at 34%, followed by Bacillariophyta at 29%, Euglenophyta at 24%, Cyanophyta at 8%, Pyrrophyta at 4%, and Chrysophyta at the lowest percent of 1%. During the rainy season, 132 species of 6 algae divisions were recorded with both Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta accounting for 29% of the total. The algal composition has increased during the rainy season, accordingly, the Chlorophyta was the highest with 14 species, followed by the Bacillariophyta with 12 species. The composition of algae at the inner canal was more diverse and had 21 species higher than the canal outside the forest. The algal density at the sampling points was significantly different in the two seasons. In the dry season, the algae density was from 154 cells/L to 53,020 cells/L, and in the rainy season was from 360 cells/L to 29,830 cells/L.

Fe3O4–biochar from sugarcane bagasse was used as a biosorbent to remove Safranin O (SO) dye in an aqueous solution. The surface characteristics of Fe3O4–biochar materials were studied by SEM/EDX method and point of zero charge (pHpzc). Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the influence of solution pH, Fe3O4–biochar dosage, adsorption time, and initial SO concentration on the adsorption of SO by Fe3O4–biochar. The results showed that pH=6, Fe3O4–biochar dosage of 3 g in 50 mL SO sulution, adsorption time of 120 minutes, and initial SO concentration of 50 mg/L were optimum conditions for SO adsorption process. The Langmuir isotherm adsorption models described well the SO adsorption process at room temperature, with the regression coefficient R2 of 0.94. The maximum adsorption capacity of SO calculated by the Langmuir model was 12.18 mg/g. The study demonstrated that the Fe3O4–biochar can be easily separated from the solution by using an external magnet and can be effectively used to remove SO cationic dye in an aqueous solution.

This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) in subsurface flow constructed wetlands to treat domestic wastewater. The study was conducted on a laboratory scale system planting Napier grass on the filtratrion bed using beehive charcoal slag. An unplanted control treatment was also conducted in parallel. Wastewater was fed into the wetlands with a hydraulic loading rate of 35 L/m2/day. Results showed that the concentrations of  TSS, BOD5, N-NH4+, N-NO3-, P-PO43- in the treated wastewater meet the technical regulation QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (column A). Napier grass grew well and contributed to the removal efficiencies of pollutants in domestic wastewater, especially N-NO3- and P-PO43-. However, the total coliform concentration still exceeded the standard concentration even though the removal rates of planted and unplanted treatments were 95.1% and 98.5%, respectively. Ultimately, this study indicated that Napier grass can be planted in subsurface flow constructed wetlands to remove pollutants in domestic wastewater.

In this paper, a new cone is introduced and the convexity of strongly efficient solution sets to vector optimization problems via this cone is also discussed. Firstly, a mixed-ordered cone based on the positive Orthant cone, the Lorentz cone, and the Lexicographic cone is proposed. Then, the properties of the above cone and the relationships between it and others cones are observed. Finally, existence conditions and the convexity of the solution set to the vector optimization problem are formulated.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 ratios of N-P-K fertilizers on growth rate, yield and nutritional compositions of jackfruit leaves. 120 Changai jackfruit trees, 12-18 months old, were arranged in a completely randomized design study with 3 treatments corresponding to 3 ratios of inorganic fertilizers including N-P-K 16-16-8 (P1), N-P-K 24-16-8 (P2) and N-P-K 16-24-8 (P3). There were 10 replicates per each treatments, and each experimental unit had 4 jackfruit trees. Results showed that P3 had highest values of tree height, crown diameter, numbers of stems as well as yield of leaves and stems (P

Nam Roi pomelo (Citrus Grandis (L.) Osbeck) is a typical pomelo variety in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam with the albedo accounting for nearly 30% of the weight of the pomelo, which has the potential to obtain pectin. The heat-assisted extraction method is a simple and easy method that was used to support increased extraction efficiency. The parameters investigated in the process of extracting pectin from Nam Roi pomelo peel were the size of pomelo peel powder, type of acid solution used as extraction solvent, pH of acid solution, the ratio of pomelo peel powder to solvent, heat-assisted temperature, heat-assisted extraction time, color, pectin degree of esterification (DE) and methoxyl index (MI) of obtained pectin. Research results showed that at the size of pomelo peel of 0.5 < d < 0.9 mm; the citric acid pH of 1.5; the ratio of pomelo peel powder to solvent of 1:15 g/mL; the extraction temperature of 70°C and the extraction time of 120 minutes were the parameters that gave the highest pectin extraction efficiency. Pectin from the albedo of Nam Roi pomelo had a yellowish-white color, DE index of 31.5 ± 0.77 %, and MI index of 6.4 ± 0.2 %, it belonged to LMP.

The study was conducted to record the flower biology and fruit development of seedless longan trees discovered in Soc Trang province. The results showed that (i) some biological characteristics of the seedless longan flowers were different from those of Long longan, specifically, the inflorescence width is smaller; the number of flowers is fewer; the flowers have 2 to 3 petals; and the anthers are white. The seedless of the longan tree may be due to the pollen grains being completely sterile. (ii) seedless longan fruit has a larger size and weight than Long longan fruit in the first weeks but it is smaller than Longan since the 9th week. The fruit pulps of the seedless longan trees begin to appear from the 6th week. From the 11th week, the fruit weight is smaller than that of the Long longan tree. The weight of the blighted ovum of seedless longan doesn't change much over the weeks and the weight of the blighted ovum is lower than the weight seed of Long longan from the 6th week. There are 89,0% of the seedless fruit, 11,0% of the aborted-seedy fruit, and 0% of the normal-seedy fruit at harvest.

The study aimed to survey some biological functions of six microbial species in the laboratory including capacities of lactic acid synthesis, plant disease resistance, seed germination, and compatibility. The results showed that 6 microorganism strains could synthesize lactic acid in the range of 777-18,343 mg/L, well antagonized against the fungal pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani with the highest antagonistic efficiency ranging from 26.7-37.0%, and 36.3-46.6%, respectively. On the other hand, 5 microorganism strains Enterococcus sp. G1, Bacillus sp. LB7, Pichia sp. LB1, Pichia sp. B9 và Bacillus sp. G5 helped to increase the germination rate of spinach and lettuce seeds (5.2-10.8%) as compared with the control treatment. Six microorganism strains also stimulated an increase in plant height, root length, stem diameter, and dry biomass of water spinach and lettuce, especially dry biomass was increased by 33.9-48.3% and 19.4-58.9%, respectively compared to the control treatment. In addition, these 6 microorganism strains did not inhibit each other.

The impact of naturally pedological processes and soil uses have changed the soil characteristics finally influencing soil productivity. The research evaluates the changes in soil subunits via the morphological and soil characteristics of soil profiles as a basis for effective land use in Moc Hoa district, Long An province. Data documentation and soil survey by determined routine with 20 augers of 2 m depth, 3 typical soil profiles, 15 surface soil samples, and 30 interviews on production activities were implemented. The result of modification and adjusting the soil map at the scale of 1/25,000 justified two major soil groups: Gleysols and Plinthosols with 5 soil subunits classified. Compared to the soil distribution map in 2016, strong acid sulfate soil increased by 1.2%, shallow potential acid sulfate soil was changed into medium one, it occupied 97,6%. The soil profile is strongly differentiated and consists of acid sulfate soil, iron concretion horizon, and sulfidic materials. Cultivation soil horizon accumulated with the decomposed and half-decomposed organic matter occupied 64%. These changes represent the soil resource still potential for cultivation. Suitable cropping patterns and good soil management are needed to study for soil exploitation and effective land use on agricultural production in Moc Hoa district, Long An province.

Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing stem canker has been a threat to dragon fruit. For integrated disease management, it is necessary to find effective antagonistic microorganisms against this pathogen. Pseudomonas is a soil bacteria genus known for its high antifungal activity. In this study, species identification of two strains of bacteria was conducted based on their characteristics and 16S-rRNA sequence. Their antagonistic activity against fungi was measured using the dual-culture and the agar well diffusion methods. The potential to inhibit the disease on the dragon fruit vine of PN01 and PN02 strains was investigated using a bioassay test. The results showed that four of six bacterial strains have an inhibited effect on mycelium growth. The results also revealed both PN01 and PN02 strains were capable of decreasing the disease to 50%. Based on the sequence of the 16S-rRNA region, two bacterial strains were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further studies on biological characteristics, antifungal compounds, and disease control of bacterial strains are needed to develop biocide from indigenous microorganism strains for plant protection. 

The study was carried out to determine the varieties and age levels of rootstock, sizes of shoot tip, and pretreatment with suitable concentrations of NAA for in vivo micrografting of Nam Roi pomelo (Citrus grandis cv. ‘nam roi’). The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors. The survival rate and growth of micrografted shoots were recorded at each 3-day interval for 30 days. The results showed that the success rate for in vivo micrografting was low in three age levels (7, 11, and 15-day-old seedlings) and five varieties of rootstock seedling (‘Long’ pomelo, king mandarin, sour orange, lemon, and Citrus japonica). Micrografting with 15-day-old rootstock seedlings was at a low success rate, probably due to the development of woody tissues. Applying one drop of distilled water on the cut end of epicotyl of sour orange (11 and 7-day-old seedlings) before placing the scion resulted in a highly successful micrografting rate (16.7 and 10% respectively). This rate was higher than that of other rootstocks or pretreatment with one drop of NAA 0,2-0,4 mg/L. It can be achieved in micrografted plants when using scion with 2 leaf primordia by placing the excised scion in contact with the vascular ring on the bottom of the L-shaped cut end of the rootstock, sour orange (11 and 7-day-old seedlings. This technique can be applied to produce virus-free Nam Roi pomelo plants.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of salt additives (base) including K2CO3-E501, Na2CO3-E500(i), Na3PO4-E339(iii) on the solubility and recovery yield and protein gel quality of Torpedo scad (Megalaspis cordyla) meat. Three salt additives were used to raise the alkaline pH of the paste at 4 pH levels (8, 9, 10 and 11) for evaluating the solubility. Then, HCl was used to decrease pH to acidic conditions at 4 levels (3, 4 5, and 5.5) to acquire precipitates. The recovery yield and quality of the obtained gel protein were assessed. The results showed that the highest solubility was appropriate to pH 11 for all three salts. Particularly, in acidic conditions, protein gel precipitated corresponding to Na2CO3 salt at pH 4, K2CO3 salt at pH 5.5, and Na3PO4 salt at pH 5.5 showed the significantly higher parameters of recovery efficiency, gel strength, hardness, toughness, elasticity, whiteness and protein concentration compared to those of other treatments.

The study was carried out to improve the sensitivity of paper-based biosensors for detecting antibiotics inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. The biosensor was based on the detection of luminescence intensity of nanoluciferase protein (NanoLuc), which was synthesized on freeze-dried paper containing an in vitro transcription-translation system. NanoLuc was synthesized by applying water samples without antibiotics on freeze-dried paper, resulting in luminescent emission when combined with the Furimazine substrate. In contrast, in the presence of antibiotics, the luminescent intensity was lower due to the inhibition of NanoLuc synthesis. The luminescent intensity was recorded with a digital camera and quantified by ImageJ software. The estimated detection limits were 13,9; 0,23; 1,2 and 0,32 µg/mL for gentamicin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and paromomycin, respectively. The sensitivity of luminescent paper-based biosensors was increased 2 or 3 folds depending on each antibiotic.

The study aimed to determine feeding habits and digestive tract development of clown featherback (Chitala ornata) from 2 to 30 days post hatching by using stomach content analysis and histological observation. Fish samples were collected at the age of day 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30. Results of the relative length of gut and the index of preponderance indicated that C. ornata is a carnivorous fish. Stomach content revealed that during 30 days post hatching, the dominant preys in the digestive tract were copepods, ostracoda, insects, and larvae of insects. At the start of exogenous feeding (5 days post hatching) the mouth opening was 1.20 ± 0.46 mm, and the digestive tract was divided into 4 parts including oral cavity, esophagus, stomach region, and intestine. Histological evidence showed that the digestive tract was fully developed at day 8 post hatching by the presence of gastric glands in the stomach. The change of food types of the C. ornata was greatly affected by the mouth size than the digestive tract development process; weaning formulated feed can be applied at day post hatching.

The razor clam (Solen strictus) is a species of the family Pharidae that lives in intertidal areas on sandy bottoms. In Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh province, the razor clams are harvested by locals for consumption as both fresh and processed seafood. This study was conducted from July 2021 to July 2022 in Xuan Thuy National Park to analyze the correlation between the length-weight relationship of razor clams. The molecular identification results showed that razor clam in Xuan Thuy National Park belonged to the species Solen strictus (99% similarity) and the increase in body length was faster than the increase in weight. In addition, the correlation between their body mass and length was described by the equation W = 8E-0.5*L2,5221 with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.5846. Furthermore, razor clam growth was measured by the von Bertalanffy growth model with L∞ = 8.4 cm, k = 0.67/year, and t0 = -0.34. The results provide scientific information on the population dynamics of razor clams in Xuan Thuy National Park that may be useful for the use and management of this species to maintain its ecological and environmental sustainability.

In the period 2020-2022, two surveys on the early-life stages of fishes and shrimps were conducted in the coastal waters of Ben Tre province, representing for the Northeast and Southwest monsoon seasons. The surveys were systematically designed with 30 sampling stations covering the inshore and coastal zone. A total of 120 samples of fish egg, fish and shrimp larvae were collected on the surface layer and the vertical direction tow. The results indicated the high diversity of fishes and shrimps in the early life stage in the surveyed area with 41 families of fish and 13 families of shrimp identified. The dominant fish families in terms of density distribution and frequency of occurrence were Engraulidae, Gobiidae, Pinguipedidae, Sillaginidae, and Bregmacerotidae whilst the shrimp dominant by Penaeidae, Palaemonidae, Sergestidae, and Squillidae. The average density was estimated at 5,743 eggs/1,000m3 and 299 larvae/1,000m3 for the surface layer and 1,296 eggs/1.000m3, and 656 larvae/1.000 m3 in the vertical water column. The density of shrimp larvae within the surveyed area was estimated at 3,885 ind./1,000 m3 on average. The relatively high density of both fishes and shrimps in early-life stages was observed within an area from Tieu to Co Chien estuaries. This area is considered the potential natural breeding and nursery grounds of fishes and shrimps in the coastal waters of Ben Tre. These findings provide a useful reference for fisheries resources protection not only in Bentre province but also in Vietnam.

Orhan Pamuk, a native of Turkish, is a great writer of contemporary literature in the world. Pamuk's works bear the hallmark of postmodern literature, revealing a sense of a fractured, broken world, full of skepticism and cognitive distrust. My Name is Red is the dominant novel in his works. This study focuses on solving problems with dialogue and techniques to increase the East-West dialogue effect in the work. Hence, it opens up valuable layers in Pamuk's novels, clearly indicating his success and contributions to the postmodern literature of the world.

This study was conducted to measure the factors that affect students’ satisfaction with the academic advising activities (AAAs) at the College of Rural Development, Can Tho University. The data was collected from 452 students using stratified random sampling. The descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s Alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and multiple linear regression were employed for data analysis in this study. The results show that the majority of the students were satisfied with the AAAs in the College of Rural Development. The two factors affecting the overall students’ satisfaction are (i) functional quality and (ii) technical quality, and the former factor had the most impact on the students’ satisfaction. The study results suggest that the College of Rural Development and Can Tho University have relevant policies and measures to improve the mentioned factors to enhance the effectiveness of the AAAs.

According to scientists' predictions, the Mekong Delta will be one of the places severely damaged by the impacts of climate change, directly affecting all aspects of human life and natural resources. Therefore, communication on climate change is always an urgent issue, especially for press agencies. Through surveying the TV program Living with Nature on VTV5 Tay Nam Bo (the Southwest channel), a special television program on climate change by interviewing experts and surveying public opinion on television, this study has pointed out the strengths and limitations through the content and form of this program, thereby identifying the advantages to be promoted as well as the limitations to be overcome in communication on climate change through the broadcast.

The article analyzes the impact of online reviews on the online shopping intention of customers in Can Tho city towards fashion products. Research data was collected from a survey of 305 people in this area. The analytical methods conducted in this study were Cronbach’s Alpha testing, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. The research results show that the characteristics of online reviews including their quality, quantity, reliability, and customers’ acceptance of the online reviews have a positive influence on customers’ online purchase intention. In addition, the quantity, quality and reliability of online reviews affect the acceptance of online reviews; quantity and reliability of online reviews are also found to affect the quality of online reviews. Based on the analysis results, the article proposes some managerial implications for online sellers to exploit online reviews as a marketing tool to improve their business efficiency in the online market environment.