This study was conducted in 400 Tau vang chickens following a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments were control (100% rice husk without Balasa N01), Rice husk-Balasa N01 (100% rice husk with Balasa N01), Sugarcane bagasse- Balasa N01 (100% sugarcane bagasse with Balasa N01), Rice husk and sugarcane bagasse- Balasa N01 (50% rice husk + 50% sugarcane bagasse with Balasa N01) and Rice husk and sawdust- Balasa N01 (50% rice husk + 50% sawdust with Balasa N01). Parameters were body weight, weight gain, feed intake, FCR and housing environment of broiler (CO2, NH3 and H2S). The results showed that average weight gain and body weight of broiler in treatment with Balasa N01 supplementation for litter materials were higher than that of control, particularly between Rice husk-Balasa N01 and control (18.09 and 1456 versus 16.44 g/head/day and 1353 g/head, respectively) while FCRs in Rice husk-Balasa N01, Rice husk and sugarcane bagasse-Balasa N01 and Rice husk and sawdust-Balasa N01 treatments were lower than that of control (1.94). However, feed intake did not differ among treatments. NH3 and CO2 contents in control were highest in comparison with others. The content of H2S was not detected in all treatments in this study.

A study on the immune response against Avian Influenza vaccine in ducks was conducted from 2013 January to 2014 October in Hau Giang province. The immune response against Avian Influenza virus examined by Hemagglutination Inhibition test using experimental duck sera samples. It was shown that at 7 and 14 days of age before vaccination, protective rates against the H5N1 influenza virus from maternal antibodies in duckling were 53.33% (8/15) in Super M duck and 33.33% (5/15) and, 13.33% (2/15) in Tau ducks, respectively. At 14 days after the first inoculation with Navet-Vifluvac and H5N1 Re-6 vaccines, protective rates were 30% (9/30), 40% (12/30) in Super M duck and 30% (9/30) and 33.33% (10/30) in Tau duck. In the following samplings at 42, 58, 88 and 118 days after the second inoculation of Navet-Vifluvac and H5N1 Re-6 vaccine, protective rates were 96.67% (29/30), 100% (30/30), 93.33% (28/30), 90% (27/30), respectively with corresponding GMT values of 5.97log2, 6.13log2, 5.63log2, 4.93log2 and 100% (30/30); 93.33% (28/30),  86.67% (26/30), 83.33% (25/30), with GMT values of 5.4log2, 4.97log2, 5.00log2, 4.47log2 in Super M duck and  96.67% (29/30), 96.67% (29/30), 93.33% (28/30), 90% (27/30), with corresponding GMT of 5.97log2, 6.87log2, 6.27log2, 5.27log2 and 90% (27/30), 90% (27/30), 86.67% (26/30), 83.33% (25/30), with GMT values of 5.53log2, 4.93log2, 4.77log2, 4.73log2 in Tau duck. Both vaccines have effect in protecting the flock against H5N1 influenza virus until 90 days after the second inoculation.

This research was conducted to investigate common diseases occurring in the Hoary Bamboo rat (Rhizomys Pruinosus Blyth, 1851) in order to find the appropriate treatment and prevention strategy. The knowledge obtained from this study would be also used to reduce economic loss and to contribute for the control of zoonotic diseases.  During the period of 12 months, at the Center of Applied Biotechnology of Dong Nai province, Vietnam, 60 Hoary Bamboo rats in captivity were observed. The results showed that the most common diseases were abscesses and bitting (5.56%), external parasites (33.3%) and opthalmic problems (7.78%). Cure rates were very high (100%). Generally, the Hoary Bamboo rat was well-adapted to the captive condition with simple diseases that caused little economic loss.

Polyscias spp. is a plant which contains the saponin compounds used in traditional medicine. Saponin compounds used as anti-oxidant, anti-stress substances and treatment of depressive symptoms. Because of limit of saponin materials, micropropagation of Polyscias spp. (high saponin content) is necessary to supply stably a large amount of plantlets. Results showed that Polyscias fruticosa L. containing high contents of triterpen saponins and oleanolic acid (77.17 g/g) was used as the experimental material sources for micropropagation. The best medium for shoot regeneration was MS + 2 mg/l BAP + 10g/l agar + 30 g/l sucrose. The most appropriate medium for shoot proliferation was MS + 2 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IBA + 10 g/l agar + 30 g/l sucrose. The appropriate medium for growth of shoots was MS + 1 mg/l NAA + 10 g/l agar + 30 g/l sucrose. Plantlets (4 ÷ 5 cm in height, 2 ÷ 3 roots, 2 ÷ 3 cm in root length) were grown in nursery conditions. After 4 weeks, the growth of plantlets was good in the natural environment with survival rate of 90% and the presence of oleanolic acid in vitro Polyscias spp.

Regeneration of whole viable plants from hairy root cultures, which were established from transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, has been reported in a number of plant species. Such transgenic plants frequently show a very characteristic phenotype, different from their normal counterparts. Therefore, scientists have been studying on production of transformed roots for creating transgenic ornament plants. In this study, several factors affecting A. rhizogenes C26 mediated genetic transformation in Catharanthus roseus VIN077, i.e. cell density of Agrobacterium rhizogenes C26 suspension, infection time, co-cultivation time, illumination conditions and culture media, were investigated. The results indicated that cell density of bacterial suspension, infection time, co-cultivation time, and culture media were important factors that had positive effects on the formation of hairy root at appropriate conditions. It was suggested that leaves of C. roseus VIN077 soaked in A. rhizogenes C26 suspension at cell density of 0.2 (OD600 nm) for 10 minutes and co-cultivated on ½ White medium in the dark condition for 6 days resulted in the most effective hairy root formation. Illumination with fluorescent white light was found to inhibit hairy root formation in co-cultivation period but able to induce this process during the bacterial elimination step. The transgenic hairy root lines were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using rolB specific primers.

The effects of aluminum cation on different growth stages of 25 rice varieties were evaluated by screening in Yoshida’s nutrient solution supplemented with 30 ppm Al3+ (pH4) at seedling (14 days) and tillering stages (15-45 days). Rice genotypes were classified into three groups including tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible, based on root tolerance index (RTI). The results showed that 30 ppm Al3+ did not affect on seed germination stage. However, in the seedling and tillering stage of rice varieties, toxic level of aluminum cation in nutrient solution caused significantly reduction in root length and plant height. Based on root tolerance index, in seedling stage, there were eight tolerant genotypes, 12 moderately tolerant genotypes and five susceptible genotypes. In tillering stage, there was a decrease in the average RTI value compared to that of seedling stage. Evaluating the association of SSR markers with aluminum tolerant gene, two SSR markers RM215 and RM223 were used in this study. Analysis of PCR products revealed that marker RM223 located on chromosome 8 associated with aluminum tolerant gene.

In this study, the effects of herbal products processed from attar trees on the control of Tribolium castaneum Herbst and Sitophilus zeamais Motschsky which damage stored agricultural products were investigated under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the powders made from Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn., bark of Cinnamomum cassia Blume and Eucalyptus paniculata Sm. were able to exterminate T. castaneum with the effectiveness dose of 4.5 g powder. The mortality ratio of T. castaneum increased with treatment time, reached 100%, 71,28% and 100% at 30 days after treatment, respectively. For effectiveness on S. zeamais, the powder products of C. ambrosioides had the highest efficiency with 100% S. zeamais killed after 3 days at a dose of 2.5 g; the product from the bark of C. cassia and Melia azedarach Linn. had highest ability to kill S. zeamais after treatment at a dose of 4.5 g with 78.09% and 97.81% mortalities, respectively, and increased with treatment time.

Cordyceps militaris is an entomopathogenic fungus with many medicinal values similar to Cordyceps sinensis and has been used for a long time in traditional medicines. Different from Cordyceps sinensis, which has very low mass production and only grows in natural environment, the fungus Cordyceps militaris can be farmed in artificial conditions. Therefore, collecting of technical information and researches will help promoting the production of Cordyceps militaris in Vietnam to satisfy the demand of national and abroad markets. This study evaluated the role of Cordyceps militaris in modern medicine based on summing up the scientific research results, as well as assessing the biological characteristics and the effects of the cultivating conditions for Cordyceps militaris to develop farming processes in our country, which will bring essential economic benefits for local producers. Results from scientific publications showed that there had been many researches confirming the potential applications of C.militaris in illness treatment, also it was widely used in the modern pharmaceutical industry, such as cancer treatment, immunomodulatory, impaired liver and kidney function, etc. (Shonkor, 2010; Seulmee et al., 2009). For the production of C.militaris in artificial conditions, the strict control of environmental conditions such as fungal seeds, temperature, humidity, light, and nutrients was found as essential to maintain the yield and quality C.militaris mushrooms.

The pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces sp. on the sweet potato weevil adult (SPW), Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was investigated under laboratory condition. In laboratory condition, at a density of 108 spores/ml, the effectiveness of M. anisopliae reached 100% at 7 days after inoculation (DAI), not significantly different to that of B. bassiana (97.53%), while the effectiveness of Paecilomyces sp. reached only 31.39% at 15 DAI. Among tested densities, the effectiveness of M. anisopliae at any density from 107-109 spores/ml was not significantly different to each other from 5 DAI. M. anisopliae prepared in fresh powder type gave higher and quicker effectiveness on SPW than that of dry powder; similarly, scattering application showed higher and quicker effectiveness on SPW than that of spraying application.

Agriculture is responsible for a major portion in the economic sector of Vi Thuy district, so land use planning for agriculture plays an important role for economic development of the district. Factors affected the implementation of agricultural and land-use plan were benefit, labor demand and interest of farmers. The changes of land use or cropping systems of farmers were depended on market, especially, the price of products. For sustainable development, land-use has to meet the socio-economic and environmental purposes. By using optimization method and land valuation method, the decision makers use these results to select suitable land use types which depend on local objectives and conditions. From that, the scenarios of land use plan with more efficiency in terms of socio-economic and environment were proposed for suitable with physical conditions of the district. Results of application of multipurpose utility fuzzy optimization mathematic model showed that the scenario with weighted 0.2, optimized 05 objective function that met with profit, labor requirements, capital efficiency, physical suitable land and environment, labor requirements and development targets of district were an highest optimization scenario.

The research was done to aim(i) evaluating the effects of three bacteria Burkholderia vietnamiensis(X1), Burkholderia vietnamiensis(X2), Burkholderia vietnamiensis (X3) with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on rice yields (ii) estimating the efficiency of the promising bacteria in improving the yield of rice crops cultivated on acid sulfate soils in the Mekong delta. Field experiments were carried out in two rice crops: summer-autumn (SA) and autumn-winter (AW) seasons in 2015 at three different sites: Long My, Hong Dan and Hon Dat districts, representative for three different acid sulfate soils. Results showed that the rice yield was highest under treatment of X3 in 2015 SA season at Hong Dan and Long My. However, at Hon Dat district, the most efficiency was in the soil treated with X1 bacterium.  In 2015 AW season, the treatment of X3 bacterium in combination with 60 kgN ha-1 gave rice yields higher than the treatment of 90 kgN ha-1. The application of phosphorus fertilizer with X1 and X3 bacteria resulted in the highest yields at Hon Dat and Hon Dan district, respectively.

The research was conduted to isolate and screen acid lactic bacteria which had antimicrobial activity against pathogens Edwarsiella ictaluri and Aeromonas hydrophila causing Bacillary necrosis pangasius (BNP) and Hemorrhagic disease in cultured Tra catfish in the gastroinstestinal tracts of wild freshwater catfish. As the result, 96 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were selected which had inhibitory activity against indicator bacteria Escherichia coli with 29 strains isolated from Stripped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)), 24 strains from Mystus nemurus (Valenciennes, 1839), 21 strains from Pangasius larnaudii (Bocourt, 1866), 12 strains from Clarias macrocephalus (Gunther, 1864) and 8 strains from Pangasius larnaudii (Bocourt, 1866). The result of gram staining and biochemical characteristic tests illustrated most of selected strains of lactic acid bacteria were gram-positive; spherical, oval, short rod or long rod shape; negative oxidase and negative catalase. Result from determination of antagonist activity and bacteriocin producing, there were 46 strains showed the inhibitory activity against A. hydrophia, 42 strains could inhibit E. ictaluri which were Gram-possitive, spherical or rod in shape and e specially, three strains of obtained LAB presented the antibacterial activities (produced bacteriocin) which all of them inhibited A.hydrophia and only one of three strains could inhibit E. ictaluri when the culture supernatants were neutralized to pH 6.5-7.0. Nucleotide sequences of their 16sRNA showed 100% (548/548bp) and 99% (551/552bp) homology to Lactobacillus reuteri HFI-LD5 CL2, CL 2.20, respectively and 100% (539/539bp) homology to Lactobacillus fermentum JCM- 1173 CT3.7.

This experiment aims to evaluate the effect of pumpkin replacement in diet on the growth, survivals and flesh quality of white-leg shrimp in order to apply to commercial production. The experiment was conducted with 4 treatments of feeding including (i) pellet feed, (ii) replacement of pellet with pumpkin at 10%, (iii) replacement 20% and (iv) replacement 30% daily. Each treatment was triplicated. Shrimps were cultured in 200-L tanks placed indoor applying bioflocs techniques with C/N ratio of 15/1. Water was continuously aerated and salinity was maintained at 15ppt. Shrimp seeds with initial size of 5.1cm and 0.72g were stocked at 150 inds./m3. After 90 days of culture, results showed that water quality parameters were in suitable ranges for normal development of shrimp. Shrimps of 11.1 – 12.5 cm and 13.6 – 19.9 g in BL and BW were obtained, of which BL and BW of shrimp in treatment replaced with 10% pumpkin (12.3 cm and 18.8 g) were not significantly different from those of the control (12.5 cm and 19.9 g). Replacing pellet with pumpkin at higher rate (20% and 30%) reduced the growth. However, survival rates of shrimp harvested were not significantly different among the treatments. Replacing higher rates of pumpkin resulted in stronger orange color of cooked shrimp and stronger flesh textture. Protein, lipid, mineral compositions of shrimp flesh were not significantly different among the treatments. The feed cost of the treatment with 10% pumpkin replacement (43,871 VND/kg shrimp) was the lowest. Our findings indicated a very good potential for replacement of pellet feed with pumpkin (at rates of 10%) in shrimp culture for higher quality of shrimp and low feed cost.

Quinalphos, Kinalux 25EC brand name, is popularly used in agriculture of the Mekong Delta. To figure out the residue concentration and bio-concentration ability of quinalphos in rice fish system in Co Do District, Can Tho City, Kinalux 25EC was applied twice in rice fish field with the producer recommended dose which was 170 mL/1000m2. Samples were collected at the day 1, 3, 7 and 14 after application, then, samples were continuously collected every 14 days to the end of experiment. Water samples were also collected after 30 minutes of applications. Residues of quinalphos were analysed by gas chromatography – electron capture detector system (GC-ECD). The results showed that quinalphos residues in fish tissue were much higher than in water. The half-life varied between one and two days fish tissue and around one day for water.

The research was carried out to investigate fungal infections on striped catfish fingerling (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Fungi was isolated from the diseased fish and inoculated on two culture media: Glucose Yeast agar and Potato dextrose agar; the inoculated plates were incubated for 5-7 days at 28-30ºC. The results showed that five fungal genera were identified such as Fusarium sp. (40.9%), Aspergillus sp. (27.3%), Achlya sp. (20.5%), Saprolegnia sp. (6.8%) and Mucor sp. (4.5%). The results also indicated that Fusarium sp. and Aspergillus sp. were found in most of the organs of fish; however, Achlya sp., Saprolegnia sp. and Mucor sp. were found only in muscles and gills. The prevalence of infection is various in gills (61.4%), swim bladder (19.3%), muscle (8%) and liver (8%). The optimal temperature of the fungal growth ranged from 28oC to 33oC. Fusarium sp. grew at 35oC after seven days of inoculation, meanwhile the others grew until 38oC. pH from 5.0 to 7.0 is suitable for the growth of isolated fungi. The fungi can use glucose, sucrose and maltose.

This theme uses BMI index to discover and evaluate the obese situation of student (course 40) in Can Tho University. BMI (Body mass Index) is an index derived from height and weight and the reliable index reflecting fat or thin status of an individual. The survey was conducted on about 8,227 students (4,256 female students) in the total of 8,809 students (course 40) with 4,582 female students. The percentage of samples accounts for 93. 39%. The theme determines 371 students who achieve BMI index ≥ 25, which occupies 80.6% compared with Class 1 obesity and Class 2 obesity. The percentage of obese female students accounts for 31.54%. It is lower than the rate of obese male students (68.46%). As a whole, this survey indicates that the obese situation happens (mainly) in male students.

This article presents the current situation of orientation life value of students at Can Tho University. The contents of researcher are students’ awareness about the concept of life value, the concept of orientation life value, the kinds of life values, the students’ attitude about the orientation life value, the life values, the kinds of life values. The theoretical research methods, questions research methods and statistical analysis by SPSS for Windows were used. The data collected included qualitative and quantitative ones The results from this research showed that there were 57.7% students understanding exactly the concept of life value. Students asserted that patriotism, responsibility, freedom and happeness were the most importance life values. There were 78.2% students understanding exactly the concept of orientation life value. The mean [That]of students’ awareness about neccessary of life values was 4.14. That of students’ necessary of orientation life value was 4.29. And that of students’ significance of orientation life value was 4.2. The mean of students’ interest in orientation life value was 4.02, while that of students’ interest in life values was 4.29. The mean of students’ oftently orientating life values was 3.47, and that of students orientating exactly life values was 3.68. In addition, that of students’ emplementing life values was 3.99. The group of fators impacting on orientation life value of students included family, school and society.

The school drop-out of Khmer students has affected sustainable society development in rural areas. The main objective of the study is to investigate causes, influential factors and possible sulutions in order to improve the school drop out of Khmer students. Information and data were collected by Focus Group Discussion, Semi-Structured Interview and Household suvey and also analyzed by descriptive statistics, multi-variables regression and matrix SWOT analysis. The study found that the main causes of school drop out of Khmer students were mainly in household ’s hard economy, non-learning motivation, poor capacity of learning, non-full care of parents, low investment in education, learning material insufficiency and unhealthiness. Influential factors on the shool drop out of Khmer students were low education of parents, many dependent labors, low incomes, old age of parents, far-away migration for finding jobs of parents, poor Vietnamese, non-full care of parents and unhealthiness Therefore, there must be further researches to find possible sollutions in order to overcome the consequences of school drop-out of Khmer students.

In 1868, Emperor Meiji came to the throne, and began the work of reforming the country by receiving Western civilization on the basis of Japanese traditional culture and society. Fukuzawa wrote: “To protect the independence of Japan, there is no choice but to move a civilized way. The only reason to Japanese toward civilization is protecting the country’s independence”. The success of Meiji Restoration helped Japanese not only to keep their independence but also to become the Asia’s major powers. Today, Vietnam’s culture and education have faced many challenges in receiving foreign cultures. In this paper, the writer would analyze the methods of receiving Western civilization in Meiji Restoration and give some suggestions on the development process of culture and education in Vietnam in the future.

In this paper, we study some important properties of the upper and lower semicontinuity involving ordered cone of vector mappings. Using these generalized semicontinuities mappings together with some assumptions related to continuity property, we  investigate the properties of the solutions to weak and strong vector equilibrium problems in normed space. All the kinds of properties are considered such as  the compactness of the solution sets, the upper semicontinuity of the solution mappings and the well-posedness for the considered problems.

Based on surveyed information, by methods in univariate and multivariate statistical analysis, the article analyses the factors which effect to employment rate of students (ERS) of Colleges of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University (CNS). The analysis shows that ERS of students of CNS depends the studying result and some their activities when studying at university. The researched results are useful information to make a base for proposing, innovating in managing and for student’s studying plans to enhance opportunity to apply for a job after graduation. This result also is a useful reference for other applications.

Proficiency in English is one of the prerequisites to enable us to integrate with the world. English for communication is one of the fundamental skills to build up new relationshipsand social networking in the integration process; while English for specific purposes (ESP) is the basis for developing cooperation, academic exchange and professional work. Learning ESP effectively is still one of the unsolved problems for many countries where English was not used as an official language, including Vietnam. To collect information for the process of innovation and improvement of teaching methods, a survey is designed to evaluate the situation of teaching and learning ESP, especially English for Environmental Science in this case study.The survey has three sections – the syllabus and assessement, teaching and learning activities, and support activities for course implemetation. Based on the results from the survey, some recommendations were proposed to tackle the problems in teaching and learning ESP.

Comparative advantages of the products and goods in a country are the product of that country capable of producing and exporting with lower opportunity cost than commercial products in other countries. The opportunity cost of commodity production is the amount of other goods sacrificed to devote resources to the production of primary commodities. The study of comparative advantage theory of David Ricardo from 1817 and the related research are based on desk research, classification, analytical, systematization methods used to in order to argue for the research objectives, which is systematized comparative advantage. The result has the three point systems measuring comparative advantages: (1) Comparative advantage based on advantages in production costs; (2) Comparative advantage based on consumption results in international markets, and (3) Comparative advantage based on internal resource advantages.

This paper embodies a literature review of research which contrasts the move structure of research article introductions cross-linguistically. The analytical tools in these studies are based on Swales’ CARS (1990, 2004) frameworks. In this paper, I hightlight a number of important, shared insights from the review of the accumulated research findings, attempt at giving some comments on certain conceptual and methodological aspects of the research body under review, offer a couple of cautious notes and venture to make some suggestions to novice researchers who wish to continue this inquiry tradition.

This article refers to the rice trade activities in such provinces of Southern Vietnam as Ben Tre, Can Tho, Soc Trang, Bac Lieu and especially Saigon. During this period, the rice trade business contributed greatly towards boosting the economic development of Nam Ki in particular and the whole country in general, in spite of the dependence on the French economy.

Research on livelihoods of youth in the context of building new rural areas was provide information to support policy managers in order to help youth improve sustainable livelihoods in the new situation. The study was conducted by interviewing non - randomly 300 rural youths in three communes of Kien Giang province, and use tools statistical analysis such as descriptive statistics, crosstab, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate linear regression. The study results showed livelihoods of youth was low, which was not commensurate with the trend of social development, especially in the context of the new rural construction. The theme also pointed out the factors affecting young people's income was the participation and collective economic model, with vocational training, the rice field area, ages and family finances, with agricultural production, youths as young housewife and still in school. The study results also proposed recommendations on vocational training, replication collective economic model to improve livelihoods for youth.

The Choson social change in the XVII and XVIII century created a serious riff on human dignity, which required the reconstruction of the social order. The Choson confucians’ progressive thinking in “diagnosing diseases” enabled the dynasty to reconsider human’s intrinsic values. Based on the theory of Confucianism along with the idea of “Lã thị hương ước”, the Choson confucians devised strategies to recover traditional moral values, in which paid much more attention to “pious” and “rites” in order to quickly cure the society’s moral wounds.

The “One must do, five reductions” technique (1M5R) was certified as a new technology in rice production and this was applied in An Giang and Kien Giang provinces in the Mekong Delta. Research was conducted to study the roles of women applying this technique in rice production. Three aims were carried out: (1) to assess the situation of the rice farming women's groups; (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of technical specifications applying 1M5R; (3) and to evaluate economic, social and environment efficiency when new techniques were applied by women. The results showed, in terms of technical efficiency, rice-seeds decreased 70-90 kg/ha/crop and net nitrogen decreased 12-30 kg/ha/crop, number of chemical treatments (spraying) declined 2 -3 times in a crop; the combine harvesters were used to minimize post-harvest losses; in terms of economic effectiveness, the investment cost of production reduced 2-4 million/ha/crop, reduction of spraying numbers and thus reduction of toxic substances 90-700 g.ai/ha/year, depending on the region. The perception of women group was changed in using toxic drugs and shifted using the drugs with the toxicity at 3 and 4 levels.

In this article, we studied the subjective narrative mode in patriotic short stories at southern urban area of 1965-1975. This is the mode of narration which has large proportion, diverse structure, and important contribution to show patriotic contents. Simultaneously, this also demonstrated Vietnamese literature modernization process of this stream of literature.

Besides teachers and facilities, the library system at universities and colleges is mostly considered as well. In order to study well under the credit system, the abundance of reference sources in library, including digital materials, is one among significant conditions for good knowledge acquirement of students. Therefore, through multiple regression analysis this paper is aimed to determine what and how these factors influence the quality of library services. The findings show the highest satisfaction level of the students towards the serving capacity and the tangible media. Thereby, enhancing the serving ability and improving the equipment in the library are necessary to meet increasing demands of the readers.

This study is aimed at systematizing the basic theories of the customer complaint behaviours, implementing meta-analysis of background studies related, analyzing the causes of complaints and the benefit of monitoring complaint behaviours in order to provide businesses and researchers with understandings of consumer behaviours after buying as well as proposed means of improving the services quality to increase customers’ satisfaction and loyalty. The analysis showed that the reviwed studies mainly focused on the motivation of complaint behaviours and explanations on some specific complaint behaviours; of which, many consider complaint behaviours of customers as static phenomena while other argue suchas rather a process. Some authors suggested that customers’ complaint behaviour is closely interwoven with interaction between initial services and used value assessment. Most customers do not complain directly to the suppliers but t spread “words of mouth” their bad experiences with the product because of its low benefits versus the value of time and effort they spent, or they simply do not know where to complain. Therefore, customers’ complaint behaviours appear in complicated patterns which require further research of clarification. The existing works on customers’ complaint behaviours have not yet documented general conclusions Moreover, this paper also proposed a theory model to analyze customers’ complaint behaviours on mobile phone services.

The so-called “ecological engineering” was first introduced to the Mekong Delta in 2009; however, there have been no study on the efficiency of pesticide use by using stochastic frontier analysis – conditional comparison with output and other inputs. Moreover, the situation of pesticide overuse was serious in the region. The research was therefore conducted to reflect the potential benefits of ecologically engineered rice production in terms of environmental protection and cost reduction as compared to normal rice cultivation. The method of stochastic frontier analysis was applied with data set from a survey of 199 farmers in An Giang, among which 74 households adopted ecological engineering and 125 others did not. The study results showed that the efficiency levels were very low for both groups of farmers, only 26.87% for eco rice farmers and 19.83% for those with normal rice, suggesting that eco rice and normal rice farmers could reduce approximately 73% and 80%, respectively, of total pesticide cost while keeping other inputs and output fixed. Thus it may be a suggestion that ecological engineering had a positive impact on efficiency of pesticide use. However, more efforts are needed to increase the efficiency of pesticide use, as such high efficiency will be crucial for environmental protection and cost reduction.

The article is aimed to examine the effect of working capital management on return on assets (ROA) of Vietnam real estate enterprises. The panel data used were of 35 real estate companies listed on Vietnam's stock market during 2010-2014. The results revealed that the components of enterprise’s working capital including the time (days) of accounts receivables (AR), the interval (days) of inventories (INV) and cash conversion cycle (CCC) are negatively correlated with ROA. In addition, ROA was affected by the firm size (SIZE), firm leverage (LEV) and the economic growth (GDP).

In line with a new trend around the world and Vietnam, private label products of supermarkets in Can Tho city have been developed. They have been gaining some success compared to other types of product label. However, how consumers perceive and respond to the presence of private label products are not well documented. The paper is aimed to fill this gap by interviewing 132 consumers in the city. These results show that most consumers, not all, are welcoming the coming of private label products and tending to use these goods as their supermarket-go regularity, reached 86.4% in recognition at regularly and very regularly levels. The most known private label is of Coopmart supermarket. Result also shows that consumers are satisfied most with the price and frustrated most with the quality of private label products. From the results, private label’s criteria are classified into three groups, namely, needed of developing, stabilizing and needed of improvement. These groups are the starting ground for specific solutions in order to effectively develop the private labels.

The sustainability of long-term debt has been a significant concern for indebted countries and the debt’s sponsors as well. At the end of 1990s, the organization of Bretton Woods (International Monetary Fund and World Bank) launched the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative (HIPC I in 1996 and HIPC II in 1999) to provide the debt relief for indebted countries. This study is aimed to analyze the effectiveness of debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative in low-income countries (LICs) through investment and growth model. The system GMM estimator was used with data set including 53 LICS’ data in the 20-year period from 1993 to 2012. The study shows a positive impact of debt relief on investment and growth of 53 LICs under HIPC Initiative.

This paper is aimed to explore the market structure and analyze the competitive process of the sugarcane market in the Mekong Delta. Criteria including barriers to entry, buyer and seller concentration, classification of product quality, and distribution of market information were recruited in the study. SCP approach and descriptive statistics were applied in data analysis. The result of the study indicates that the sugarcane market in the study was competitive. The concentration level of the sugarcane market was rather high; and competition among enterprises were detected, but not too fierce and acrimonious. However, sugarcane traders and wholesalers whose market shares are low were operating their business in a highly competitive market. To sugarcane competitors, the concentration of market share in a certain sugar business cannot be identified; and it is easy for traders to access to market information.

This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting economic sectors’ participation in activities of commercial neighborhoods in Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City. Factor analysis model and linear regression were used. The study results show that two factors affecting economic sectors’ participation in activities of commercial neighborhoods include business location and expenses. This is an important scientific basis for the research proposal “Development of commercial neighborhoods in Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City”.

This study is aimed to examine the relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Khanh Hoa. The 1995-2014 time - series data from Khanh Hoa Statistical Office’s database were analyzed using the Var (Vector Autoregression) model with the Granger causality test via five economic variables, namely gross regional domestic product (GRDP), foreign direct investment capital (FDI), labor (L), human capital (SV) and openness of the economy (OPEN). The results showed that the economic growth is positively afffected by FDI capital, but the FDI capital is not affected the economic growth in Khanh Hoa. From research results, it is suggested FDI attraction policies for economic growth in Khanh Hoa.

Water resource plays an important role in rice production at Soc Trang province, especially in areas affected by salinity in the dry season. “1 Must – 5 Reductions” technology package (“1M-5Rs”) including water saving in rice production was determined as the desirable solution to improve rice production efficiency in this area. To meet the above mentioned need, the study was carried out in Nga Nam district, Soc Trang province to assess the current status in rice production and to identify factors impacting upon “1M-5Rs” adaptation in the study area. ADOPT model was applied to predict the dissemination of “1M-5Rs” and to define the factors, which promote “1M-5Rs” application process in rice production. Key Informant Panel-KIP, Focus Group Discussion-FGD and household interviews were applied to collect data capturing into the ADOPT model. Results showed that farmers in the areas applied traditional farming techniques that used much more seeds, pesticides and chemical fertilizers than recommended quantities. In long term, the ADOPT model displayed that 40.5 and 95% of farmers would apply “1M-5Rs” techniques after 5 and 16 years, respectively. In which, risks, characteristics of “1M-5Rs”, farmer situation and benefits that the “1M-5Rs” can bring to the farmers, were important indicators influencing the application and potential dissemination of “1M-5Rs”. The study results confirmed that to develop a new technique in actual production, a package of solutions such as training course, farm management and local authority’s supports are very necessary.

The study is aimed to measure factors impacting on the technology adaptation of the elderly people in receiving pensions by ATMs. The study was based on applied research models such as Theory of Reasoned Action - TRA, Theory of Planned Behavior - TPB and Technology Acceptance Model – TAM. Toal 11 variables (Attitudes towards using ATM, Family expectations, Descriptive norms, Health involvement, Moral obligation, Perceived behavioral control, Knowledge of using ATM, Perceived risks, Perceived convenience, Cash using habit and Social aids) were used to explain the technology adaptation. The structural equation modelling was applied to analyze the data of 254 elderly people collected in Nha Trang city. The analytical results indicated that the measures were reliable and valid, and the research model was fit to the data. The elderly people’ technology adaptation is explained at 57.5% under the impacts of Attitudes, Perceived risks, Knowledge of using ATM, and Social aids. The findings outlined valuable proposals towards social insurance organisations in terms of pension payment for the elderly people, contributing to the enhancement of our society development.

The study was conducted to assess the financial performance of salt workers who have been producing salt in the coastal areas of the Mekong Delta. Research data were collected from 375 salt workers by direct interviews in Ben Tre, Tra Vinh, Soc Trang and Bac Lieu provinces. The financial performance indicators and multivariate linear regression analysis were used in the study. The research results showed that (1) There was less financial performance from the traditional model of salt production where the majority was “profit on of one's own work”; (2) Profit of salt workers was affected by several factors such as production area, education level, labor cost and access to credit. In particular, labor cost was the factor that has a negative correlation with returns of salt production. Some recommendations were proposed to improve the efficiency of investment in the coastal for salt workers in the Mekong Delta.

The research is about the adaptability roles of rural youths in constructing new rural villages in Kien Giang province. The research data were collected from conditioned-random interviewsof  300 rural youths in Kien Giang province from 2013 to 2015. The methods of descriptive statistics, linear regression, logistic regression and SWOT matrix were applied.

The purpose of strict regulations about the procedures of land recovery is to achieve a democratic, transparent, and fair process of land clearance. The 2013 Land Law and other instructive documents remarkably updated many new regulations, but such regulations still remain certain limitations. Focusing on land recovery procedure’s regulations, this paper is to present improvements over periods as well as to analyse current regulations' limitations in particular about land recovery for the national defense, security, socioeconomic development purposes.

The 2013 Land law, which came into effect on July 01, 2014, requires that district-level land use plans must annually be conducted at the district level. The district land use plan is seen as a legal basis for land allocation, land lease, land acquisition and land transfer activities. However, varieties of drawbacks have been found in implementing such regulations, especially issues related to land user’s rights, have been. This paper is focused to analyze advantages and disadvantages in formulating and implementing such annual land use plans, both theoretical and practical aspects. Finally, possible solutions and recommendations were proposed in order to address the issues, particularly regarding land user’s rights and interests.