Võ Minh Sang * Đỗ Văn Xê

* Tác giả liên hệ (vmsang@tdu.edu.vn)

Abstract

Comparative advantages of the products and goods in a country are the product of that country capable of producing and exporting with lower opportunity cost than commercial products in other countries. The opportunity cost of commodity production is the amount of other goods sacrificed to devote resources to the production of primary commodities. The study of comparative advantage theory of David Ricardo from 1817 and the related research are based on desk research, classification, analytical, systematization methods used to in order to argue for the research objectives, which is systematized comparative advantage. The result has the three point systems measuring comparative advantages: (1) Comparative advantage based on advantages in production costs; (2) Comparative advantage based on consumption results in international markets, and (3) Comparative advantage based on internal resource advantages.
Keywords: Costs of production, systematization, domestic resource, viewpoint of  comparative advantage theory

Tóm tắt

Lợi thế so sánh của sản phẩm hàng hóa ở một quốc gia là sản phẩm của quốc gia đó có khả năng sản xuất và xuất khẩu với chi phí cơ hội thấp hơn so với sản phẩm hàng hóa ở các quốc gia khác. Chi phí cơ hội của việc sản xuất hàng hóa là số lượng hàng hóa khác phải hy sinh để dành nguồn lực cho việc sản xuất hàng hóa ban đầu. Nghiên cứu lý thuyết lợi thế so sánh của David Ricardo từ 1817 và các nghiên cứu có liên quan dựa trên phương pháp nghiên cứu tại bàn, phương pháp phân loại, phân tích, hệ thống hóa được sử dụng để nhằm luận giải cho mục tiêu nghiên cứu, đó là hệ thống hóa các quan điểm tiếp cận lợi thế so sánh. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã hệ thống thành 3 quan điểm tiếp cận lợi thế so sánh: (1) Lợi thế so sánh dựa trên lợi thế về chi phí sản xuất; (2) Lợi thế so sánh dựa trên kết quả tiêu thụ ở thị trường quốc tế, và (3) Lợi thế so sánh dựa trên lợi thế nguồn lực nội nguồn.
Từ khóa: chi phí sản xuất, hệ thống hóa, nội nguồn, quan điểm lý thuyết lợi thế so sánh

Article Details

Tài liệu tham khảo

Arne Melchior, 2004. Comparative advantage revisited: A Cobb-Douglas version of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson (HOS) model. Truy cập ngày 9/12/2015, từ http://www.uio.no/studier/emner/sv/oekonomi/ECON4415/v04/Lecturenotes2-3.doc.

Akrasanee & Narongchai, 1972. Comparative Advantage of Rice Production in Thailandi A Domestic Resources Cost Study. Thammasat University, Bangkok, 1974.

Bahral, U., 1965. The Real Rate of the Dollar in the Economy of Israel. Jerusalem: Ministry Commerce and Indus, in Hebrew.

Balassa, B. & Schydlowsky, D., 1968. Effective Tariff, Domestic Cost of Foreign Exchange, and the Equilibrium Exchange Rate. J.P.E. 76:348-60.

Balassa, B., 1965. Tariff Protection in Industrial Countries: An Evaluation. J.P.E. 73: 573-94.

Balassa, B., 1965.Trade Liberalization and Revealed Comparative Advantage. Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies. 33, 99:123

Basevi, G., 1966. The U.S. Tariff Structure: Estinamte of Effective Rates of Protection of U.S. Inductries and Industrial Labour. Rev. Econ. And Statis, 49:167-60.

Bela Balassa & Daniel M. Schydlowky, 1968. Effective tariffs, Domestic cost of foreign exchange, and the equilibrium exchange rate. The Journal of Political Economy. Vol. 76, No.3

Bhagwati, J. & Desai, P., 1970. Planning for inductrialization. London: Oxford University Press for OECD Development Center.

Bishnu B. Bilwal, 1983. Domestic resource cost of tea prroduction in Nelap. HMG. U.S. AID-A/D/C Project. Strengthening Institutional Capacity in the Food anh Agricultural Sector in Nepal.

Bowen, H.P., 1983. On the theoretical interpretation of indices of trade intensity and revealed comparative advantage. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 119: 464-72.

Brecher, R.A. & Choudhri, E.U., 1982. The Leontief Paradox, Continued. The Journal of Political Economy 90 (4): 820-823.

Bruno, M., 1963. Interdepentdence, Resource Use and Structural Change in Israel. Jerusalem: Bank of Israel.

Bruno, M., 1971. The Optimal Selection of Export-promoting and Import-substituting Projects. In Planning the External Sector: Techniques, Problems and Polocies. New York: United Nations.

Bruno, M., 1971. The Theory of Protection, Tariff Change and the Value-added Function. Mimeographed. Mass. Inst. Tech.

Bruno, M., 1972. Domestic Resource Costs and Effective Protection: Clarification and Synthesis. The Journal of Political Economy 80 (The University of Chicago Press): 16-33.

Bruno, Michael, 1963. Interdependence, Resource Use and Structural Change il. Trade. Jerusalem: Bank of Israel.

Bùi Văn Trịnh & Nguyễn Quốc Nghi, 2011. Xác định lợi thế so sánh ngành hàng tôm sú nuôi tham canh ở ĐBSCL. Tạp chí khoa học Đại học Cần Thơ, 3 (21).

Cai, J. and P.S. Leung, 2005. Export Performance of Frozen Cultured Shrimp in the Japan, US and EU markets: A Global Assessment. Unpublished Manuscript.

Cai, J., Leung, P.S., & N. Hishamunda, 2005. Comparative advantage in aquaculture: an assessment framework. Report submitted to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Casas, F.R. & Choi, E.K., 1985. The Leontief Paradox: Continued or Resolved?. The Journal of Political Economy 93 (3): 610-615.

Chenery, H. B., 1961. Comparative Advantage and Development Policy. A.E.R, 18-51

Corden, W. M., 1966. The Structure of a Tariff System and the Effective Protective Rate. J.P.E. 74:221-37

Daniel M. Bernhofen, 2005. Gottfried Haberler’s 1930 Reformulation of Comparative Advantage in Retrospect. Reseach Pageper. The University of Nottingham.

David Ricardo, 1817. The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, London: John Murray, Albemarle-Street, third edition 1821.

Đinh Thị Liên & Đoàn Thị Mỹ Hạnh, 2009. Thương mại quốc tế. Trường Đại học Mở TP.HCM.

Elias Sanidas & Yousun Shin, 2010. Comparison of Revealed Comparative Advantage Indices with Application to Trade Tendencies of East Asian Countries. Department of Economics, Seoul National University.

Funing Zhong & Zhigang Xu, 2002. Regional comparative advantage in grain production in China. Asia Pacific Press.

Gottfried Haberler, 1930. Gottfried Haberler's Principle of Comparative Advantage. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics

Haberler Gottfried, 1930. Die Theorie der komparativen Kosten und ihre Auswertung für die Begründung des Freihandels. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 32: 349-70; translated and reprinted in Anthony Y.C. Koo (ed.), Selected Essays of Gottfried Haberler, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1985, pp. 3-19.

Halevi, N., 1969. Economics Policy Discussion and Reseach in Israel. A.E.R. 59:74-117

Heckscher, E., 1919. The effect of foreign trade on the distribution of income. Ekonomisk Tidskriff, 497–512. Translated as chapter 13 in American Economic Association,Readings in the Theory of International Trade, Philadelphia: Blakiston, 1949, 272–300, and a new translation is provided in Flam and Flanders.

Hiley, M., 1999. The dynamics of changing comparative advantage in the Asia-Pacific region. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 4: 446-76.

Ho Thanh Ha & Nguyen Thi Thuong, 2011. Policy analysis of Hybrid Acacia production: Case study in Thua Thien Hue province. Journal of Science, Hue University, vol. 67: 45-55.

Hoen, A. & Oosterhaven, J., 2006. On the measurement of comparative advantage. Annalsof Regional Science, 40, 677-691.

Hufbauer, G., 1970. The Impact of National Characteristics & Technology on the Commodity Composition of Trade in Manufactured Goods, ed. R. Vernon, UMI.

Ian Goldin, 1990. Comparative advantage: Theory and application to developing country agriculture. Research programme on: Changing Comparative Advantage in Food and Agriculture, Working Paper No. 16. OECD Development Centre.

James, A.M., & Elmslie, B.T., 1996. Testing Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek in the G-7. Review of World Economics 132 (1): 139-159.

John Stuart Mill, 1848. Principles of Political Economy, London; Longmans, Green and Co. 7th edition (1909). Truy cập http://www.econlib.org/library/Mill/mlP1.html#Preface, ngày 29/6/2014

Jones, R.W., 1956. Factor Proportions and the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem. The Review of Economic Studies 24 (1): 1-10.

Jonhson, H. G., 1965. The Theory of Tariff Struture with Special Reference to World Trade and Development. In Trade and Deveploment. Geneva: Inst. univ. haute estude internat.

Kannapiran, C.A. and E.M. Fleming, 1999. Competitiveness and comparative advantage of tree crop smallholdings in Papua New Guinea. Working Paper Series (No. 99-10) in Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of New England.

Lafay, G., 1992. The measurement of revealed comparative advantages in M.G. Dagenais and P.A. Muet eds. International Trade Modeling. London: Chapman & Hill.

Laursen, K., 1998. Revealed comparative advantage and the alternatives as measures of international specialisation. DRUID Working Paper No.98-30.

Lê Tuấn Lộc, 2015. Chuyển dịch lợi thế so sánh trong cơ cấu xuất khẩu của Việt Nam. Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Kinh tế, số 447: 3-11

Lê Văn Gia Nhỏ, 2005. Phân tích ngành hàng lúa gạo thơm tỉnh Long An và lúa gạo cao sản tỉnh An Giang. Truy cập 6/2015. Nguồn: http://iasvn.org/tin-tuc/Phan-tich-nganh-hang-lua-gao-thom-tinh-Long-An-va-lua-gao-cao-san-tinh-An-Giang-%28ThS.-Le-Van-Gia-Nho,-Email-nho.lvg@iasvn.org%29-948.html

Lê Xuân Tạo, 2015. Xuất khẩu ở Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long trong điều kiện Việt Nam là thành viên WTO. Luận án tiến sĩ. Học viện chính trị Quốc gia TP.HCM

Leamer, E.E., 1980. The Leontief Paradox, Reconsidered. The Journal of Political Economy 88 (3): 495-503.

Leontief Wassily, 1954. Mathematics in economics. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 60, 215–233.

Leontief, W., 1953. Domestic Production and Foreign Trade: The American Capital Position Re-Examined. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 97 (4): 332-349.

M.M.U. Molla, S.A. Sabur & I.A. Begum, 2015. Financial and Economic Profitability of Jute in Bangladesh: A Comparative Assessment. The Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences. 2 (1): 295-303

Marchese, S. & De Simone, F., 1989. Monotonicity of indices of "revealed" comparative advantage: empirical evidence on Hillman's condition. Review of World Economics, 125, 158-167.

Maskus, K.E., 1985. A Test of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek Theorem: The Leontief Commonplace. Journal of International Economics 19 (1985): 201-212.

Masters, W.A., 1995. Guidelines on national comparative advantage and agricultural trade. Agricultural Policy Analysis Project, Phase III, Methods and Guidelines, No. 2001, USAID, Washington, D.C.

Memedovic, O., 1994. On the Theory and Measurement of Comparative Advantage: An Empirical Analysis of Yugoslav Trade in Manufactures with the OECD Countries, 1970-1986. Amsterdam: Thesis.

Nguyen Manh Hai & Franz Heidhues, 2004. Comparative advantage of Vietnam’s rice sector under different liberalisation scenarios: A Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) study. Department of Agricultural Development Theory and Policy, University of Hohenheim

Nguyễn Quang Phục, Trần Văn Hòa, Phạm Xuân Hùng & Phan Thị Thanh Tâm, 2011. Khả năng cạnh tranh của nông sản miền Trung: Nghiên cứu trường hợp sản phẩm cao su tại tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Tạp chí khoa học, Đại học Huế, 72B, số 68: 99-108

Nguyễn Thường Lạng, 2011. Đề xuất công thức đo lường lợi thế thương mại đối tác (PCA) của một quốc gia. Truy cập 12/2014, http://www.trungtamwto.vn/wto/nghien-cuu-tranh-luan/de-xuat-cong-thuc-do-luong-loi-thuong-mai-doi-tac-pca-cua-mot-quoc-gia

Nguyễn Trung Kiên & Phan Văn Hòa, 2012. Lợi thế so sánh và năng lực cạnh tranh của tôm nuôi ở Tuy Phước, Bình Định trên thị trường thế giới. Tạp chí khoa học, Đại học Huế, tập 72B, số 3.

Nguyễn Văn Hoá & Mai Văn Xuân, 2012.Nghiên cứu khả năng cạnh tranh của cà phê tỉnh Đắk Lắk trong thị trường hội nhập. Tạp chí khoa học, Đại học Huế, 72B, số 3: 121:32

Nguyễn Xuân Thiên, 2011. Lý thuyết lợi thế so sánh và gợi ý đối với Việt Nam trong bối cảnh phát triển hiện nay, Hội thảo quốc gia các lý thuyết kinh tế trong bối cảnh khủng hoảng kinh tế toàn cầu và thực tiễn ở Việt Nam, truy cập tại http://dl.ueb.vnu.edu.vn/handle/1247/91, đọc ngày 18/12/2013

Ohlin, B., 1933. Interregional and International Trade. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1966

Pearson, S.R. and R.K. Meyer, 1974. Comparative advantage among African coffee producers. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 56: 310-313.

Pearson, Scott R. & Ronald K. Meyer, 1974. Comparative Advantage Among African Coffee Producers. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 56

Pearson, Scott R., Narongchai Akrasanee & Gerald C. Nelson, 1976. Comparative Advantage in Rice nroduction: A Methodological Introduction. Food Research Institute Studies, XV, 2

Phạm Anh Tuấn, Nguyễn Đỗ Anh Tuấn & Nguyễn Thị Kim Dung, 2003. Báo cáo nghiên cứu: Khả năng cạnh tranh của các mặt hàng nông sản chính của Việt Nam trong bối cảnh hội nhập AFTA. Quỹ nghiên cứu ICARD – MISPA. TOR số MISPA/2003/06

Proudman, J. & Redding, S. 1998. Openness and growth. The Bank of England.

Quazi Shahabuddin & Paul Dorosh, 2002. Comparative advantage in Bangladesh crop production. Markets and Structural Studies Division. International Food Policy Research Institute. MSSD Discussion Paper No. 47.

Ricardo, D., 1817/1951. On the principles of political economy and taxation. In: SRAFFA, P. (ed.) The works and correspondence of David Ricardo, Vol.1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Richardson, D. and C. Zhang, 1999. Revealing comparative advantage: Chaotic or coherent patterns across time and sector and US trading partner?. NBER Working Paper 7212.

Robert Torrens, 1815. Essay on the External Corn Trade , London: Printed for J. Hatchard, Bookseller to the Queen, Opposite Albany, Piccadilly. 1985.

Ronald W. Jones, 2008. Heckscher – Ohlin Trade Theory. Ngày đọc: 28/11/2015, http://www.econ.rochester.edu/people/jones/Palgrave_Jones_on_Heckscher_Ohlin.pdf

Samuelson, Paul A., 1954. Prices of Goods and Factors in General Equilibrium. Review of Economic Studies 21 (1):1–20

Silwal, Bishnu B., 1979. An Economic Analysis of Tea Industry In Nepal. M.A. Thesis, Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University, Bangkok.

Steven J. Matusz. (1985). The Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson Model with Implicit Contracts. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 100 (4): 1313-1329

Steven M. Suranovic, 1998. The Heckscher-Ohlin (Factor-Proportions) Model. International Trade Theory and Policy - Chapter 115-1: Last Updated on 3/10/98, truy cập: http://internationalecon.com/Trade/Tch115/T115-1.php, ngày đọc: 15/4/2014.

Steven M. Suranovic, 1998. The Rybczynski Theorem: Mathematical Derivation. International Trade Theory and Policy - Chapter 115-3: Last Updated on 3/10/98, truy cập: http://internationalecon.com/Trade/Tch115/T115-3.php, đọc ngày 15/4/2014.

Steven M. Suranovic, 1998. The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem: Mathematical Derivation. International Trade Theory and Policy - Chapter 115-2: Last Updated on 3/10/98, truy cập: http://internationalecon.com/Trade/Tch115/T115-2.php, đọc ngày: 15/4/2016

Thomas Vollrath, 1991. A theoretical evaluation of alternative trade intensity measures of revealed comparative advantage. Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv). Springer, vol. 127 (2): 265-280.

Tingting Wu, Paul J. Thomassin & Kakali Mukhopadhyay, 2006. An Investigation of the Leontief Paradox using Canadian Agriculture and Food Trade: An Input-Output Approach. Department of Agricultural Economics, McGill University

UNIDO, 1986. International Comparative Advantage in Manufacturing: Changing Profiles of Resources and Trade. Vienna: Author.

USAID, 1996. Comparative cost of production analysis in East Africa: Implications for competitiveness and comparative advantage.

USAID, 1999a. Comparative economic advantage in agricultural trade and production in Malawi. SD Publication Series: Technical Paper No. 93.

USAID, 1999b. Regional agriculture trade and changing comparative advantage in South Africa. SD Publication Series: Technical Paper No. 94

USAID, 1999c. Analyzing comparative advantage of agricultural production and trade options in Southern Africa: Guidelines for a unified approach. SD Publication Series: Technical Paper No. 100.

USAID, 1999d. Analysis of the comparative economic advantage of alternative agricultural production options in Tanzania. SD Publication Series: Technical Paper No. 102.

USAID, 1999e. Comparative economic advantage of alternative agricultural production options in Swaziland. SD Publication Series: Technical Paper No. 103

USAID, 1999f. Comparative economic advantage of alternative agricultural Production activities in Zambia. SD Publication Series: Technical Paper No. 104

USAID. (2000a). Comparative economic advantage of crop production in Zimbabwe. SD Publication Series: Technical Paper No. 99.

USAID, 2000b. Analysis of comparative advantage and agricultural trade in Mozambique. SD Publication Series: Technical Paper No. 107.

Valavanis-Vail, S., 1954. Leontief's Scarce Factor Paradox. The Journal of Political Economy 62 (6): 523-528.

Vanek, J., 1968. The Factor Proportions Theory: The N-Factor Case. Kyklos 21(4): 749-754

Võ khắc Huy, 2014. Nâng cao sức cạnh tranh và giá trị xuất khẩu gạo của các tỉnh Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long. Tạp chí Phát triển và Hội Nhập, số 17 (27): 73-77.

Vollrath, L.T., 1991. A theoretical evaluation of alternative trade intensity measures of revealed comparative advantage. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 127: 265-279.

Warr, P.G., 1994. Comparative and competitive advantage. Asia-Pacific Economic Literature 8: 1-14.

Yao, S., 1997. Comparative advantages and crop diversification: a Policy Analysis Matrix for Thai agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Economics 48: 211-22.

Yeats, A.J., 1992. What do alternative measures of comparative advantage reveal about the composition of developing counties' exports?. Indian Economic Review 27: 139-54.

Yue, C.J. and P. Hua, 2002. Does comparative advantage explain export patterns in China?. China Economic Review 13: 276-96.

Zhong Funing, Xu Zhigang & Fu Longbo, 2001. An Alternative Approach to Measure Regional Comparative Advantage in China’s Grain Sector. The 45th Annual Conference of the Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society held in Adelaide, South Australia, January 22-25, 2001.