Watermelon is one of the most popular fruits in tropical countries including Vietnam. Making a new product from watermelon could contribute to the diversity and the added values of fermented products from fruits. In this study, the processing of watermelon wine was examined based on the different factors including yeast culture, levels of yeast inoculants, concentration of added sugar in watermelon juice, temperature and time of incubation. After the fermentation, the physiochemical properties and microbiological criteria of final product were analyzed for their based on the method of the Vietnamstandard 7045:2002. The results indicated that the watermelon wine processing by using the commercial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae could performed effectively in the favorable conditions including the yeast levels of 107 cells/ml, the added saccharose concentration at 30°Brix, the incubation time for 10 days and the temperature incubation at 25°C.

Soc Trang province is located in the South-East of the Mekong delta and faced to the sea, so the coastal area is almost intruded by saline water. Agricultural production is mainly based on rainfed. An intensive cultivation with unsuitable practices, specially soil tillage under wet condition, were carried out, these activities have changed to the physical soil fertility and finally to the crop yield. Two major soil groups represent for saline intruded soils were selected for study with 160 disturbed and undisturbed soil samples of 8 master soil horizons taken to analize the 23 physio-chemical soil determinants and 20 house-holds also interviewed mainly on the history of land exploitation and land use. Soil water holding capacity and soil consistency is directly measured in the field and others analized in the laboratory. This research implemented aims to identify the actual physical soil characteristics and soil productivity in the typical rainfed rice area of Soc Trang province. Results showed that mono rice cultivation in the longterm makes physical soil characteristics decreased. Slight soil compaction occurs at both top soil horizon and  sub-soil horizon; low soil structure stability; moderately rapid permeability in top soils, it turns very slow in other horizons; rather high available soil water content in the study area. Consequently, soil resource trends to the physical soil degradation, if the approriate cultivation practices can not be introduced and applied in the area.

This research was aimed to improve the quality of pineapple wine. Factors which affecting the quality of wine were studied, including (i) pectinase enzyme (0.2%) treatment (16 to 24 hours before fermentation), (ii) Efficiency of potassium metabisulfite and sodium metabisulfite used (0.0075, 0.01, 0.0125%) to inhibit undesirable microorganisms and support the yeast activities and (iii) comparison the effect of bentonite (2-6%), potassium metabisulfite (0.01%) and ascorbic acid (0.0025%) on wine clarifying and preventing of wine color change after fermentation. The results indicated that high quality pineapple wine could be obtained when pectin-splitting enzymes (0.2%) was added to the must. While pineapple wine was clarified after fermentation, the pectin-splitting enzymes may be added (0.2% during 20 hours) prior to fermentation to make post-fermentation clarification easier. Pasteurized process could be implemented by using sodium metabisulfite of 0.01%, leading to high alcohol content and less sugar remaining in wine. The fining agent such as bentonite (2%) was used to encourage the agglomeration and settling of the colloids. The wine stability could be obtained by ascorbic acid adding at 0.0025%.

Cá kèo (Pseudapocryptes elongatus) là đối tượng nuôi mới, có giá trị kinh tế cao (giá bán tại chợ 100.000 đ/kg, năm 2008) và đang được nuôi ở các tỉnh ven biển ĐBSCL, đặc biệt là hai tỉnh Sóc Trăng và Bạc Liêu. Điều này làm tăng tính hấp dẫn đối với người nuôi. Nghiên cứu này nhằm cung cấp các thông tin hữu ích về kỹ thuật và kinh tế trong nuôi cá kèo. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện thông qua việc phỏng vấn ngẫu nhiên 72 hộ nuôi cá kèo ở tỉnh Sóc Trăng và Bạc Liêu từ tháng 12/2006 đến tháng 3 năm 2007. Kết quả cho thấy, nguồn giống cá kèo lệ thuộc vào tự nhiên, được nông dân mua và thả nuôi với 2 nhóm mật độ thấp (trung bình 16,2 con/m2) và cao (95,7 con/m2). Mùa vụ nuôi từ tháng 5 đến tháng 12. Cá được cho ăn bằng thức ăn viên công nghiệp (Dollars). Năng suất cá nuôi đạt bình quân 0,8 tấn/ha ở các hộ nuôi cá với mật độ thấp và 6,4 tấn/ha ở các hộ nuôi cá với mật độ cao. Chi phí và lợi nhuận tương ứng là 16 triệu và 17,1 triệu đồng/ha ở nhóm hộ nuôi cá với mật độ thấp; 143,5 triệu và 211 triệu đồng/ha ở nhóm hộ cá với nuôi mật độ cao. Cá kèo là đối tượng nuôi tiềm năng và có thể nuôi luân canh với tôm sú ở các tỉnh ven biển ĐBSCL. Tuy nhiên, một thách thức lớn là sinh sản nhân tạo cá kèo để chủ động nguồn giống cho phát triển nghề nuôi cũng như góp phần bảo vệ nguồn lợi cá kèo tự nhiên trong tương lai.

To service for land use change in the Mekong Delta and land management effect and sustainability demands to reply on map of soils type distribution. Land use in the past drastied changes and together with climate changes land use effect to change soil groups on soils property and quality. Hence, soils classification system in the world have been improved and updated to suit more. WRB/FAO(2006) system have proposed with new characteristics and soils morphology. The results show that, in the MekongDelta, ten soils major founded such as: Albeluvisols, Alisols, Arenosols, Fluvisols, Gleysols, Histosols, Leptosols, Luvisols, Plinthosols, Solonchaks with sixty soil types difference.

Mot Bui Do is a rice seed varieties characterized of Hong Dan district, Bac Lieu province, but has gradually degraded. Stemming from the need to do pure strains for the district to expand a growing variety of red dust. A red dust from the initial seed collected locally (amylose content of> 25%, protein content 90%.

Công tác chọn tạo giống nếp mới cho vùng phù sa ngọt nhằm mục đích cung ứng giống nếp chất lượng cao, đa dạng về chủng loại và phù hợp vùng sản xuất. Các thí nghiệm được thực hiện tại Cần Thơ, An Giang và Tiền Giang theo phương pháp IRRI (1986), sử dụng đối chứng là OM85 và nếp Lá Xanh. Kết quả cho thấy MTL666, MTL670, MTL677 và MTL680 được đánh giá triển vọng nhất do có phẩm chất ngon dẻo, có mùi thơm, chống chịu được bệnh cháy lá và cháy bìa lá, đạt tiềm năng suất cao ở cả hai mùa vụ thuộc vùng phù sa ngọt của đồng bằng sông Cửu Long.

In this article, 107 commonly natural species of four Citrus groups in Vietnam: Citrus maxima; Citrus reticulata; Citrus sinensis; and mixed group Citrus aurantifolia, Citrofortunella microcarpa, Limonia acidissima were collected from Biotechnology Research and Development Institute, Can Tho University. They were analysed ploidy level by flow cytometry (FCM) method with Partec Ploidy Analyser PA I, Germany machine. Nuclear DNA content was isolated from leaf of samples and measured light scattering in various voltages to determine polyploidy. The experiment was done in an effort to investigate polyploidy citrus cultivars in nature which are materials for seedless breeding in future. Flow cytometry demonstrated 100% samples being the same diploid.  Especially, seedless lemon and seedless orange also consisted of diploid chromosome.

Long An province had a large sugarcane-cultivation area (more than 15,600 ha) but sugarcane yield (65.3 tons/ha)[2009-2010 cropping-season] was low and need of sugarcane source to provide for two sugar-processing factories in the province was high. However sugarcane-cultivation area has to be restricted because of high cost for high inorganic fertilizer. Objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of Biofertilizer with two strains: N2-fixing Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and phosphate-solubilizing Pseudomonas stutzeri was evaluated on sugarcane cultivating on acid sulphate soil of two districts (Ben Luc and Thu Thua) in Long An province. The results showed that sugarcane yield in 500 kg biofertilizer plus 103.5 ? 80 P2O5/ha treatment did not differ with yield of sugarcane in 207 N - 160 P2O5/ha treatment but sugar content and total amount of sugar total/ha in biofertilizer treatment were higher than in inorganic fertilizer treatment (207 N - 160 P2O5/ha) significantly. Application of biofertilizer [500 kg/ha] not only saved 103.5 N ? 80 P2O5 kg/ha but also had the highest benefit in sugarcane production.

In the recent years, the outbreak of virus diseases transmitted by brown plant hopper (BPH) has been the big challenge for the rice breeders to find out the rice varieties with high yield and good grain quality, tolerant to BPH and virus diseases, suitable to different soil conditions. The research was carried out from 2009-2010, rice breeding was implemeted at Mekong Delta Development Research Institute, Can Tho University, yield trials of promising lines were conducted at different agro-eco-areas. Agronomic traits, tolerant ability to pests and diseases, yield components and yield, qualitive were based on Standard evaluation system for rice of IRRI. Results showed that promising varieties for tolerant to BPH, yellowing dwarf virus diseases, resistant to blast high and stable yield, tolerant to acid sulfate soils, suitable to alluvial soils and adapted to intensive cropping systems were MTL590, MTL603, MTL614, MTL631, MTL634, MTL637, MTL642, MTL645, MTL649, MTL653, MTL661, MTL662, MTL665, MTL706, MTL708 .  

In order to obtain the isolated yeast from palm juice (palmyra palm) in Tinh Bien district, An Giang province) to produce high quality palm wine, the research was conducted on the basis of survey the influence of harvesting time (in the morning or afternoon) and handling conditions of palm juice during harvesting (treatment by sodium metabisulfite, "sến" wood and control sample). The results showed that 21 yeast strains were obtained from palm juice at different treatment conditions. In addition, the ability of the presence of yeast in palm juice could be affected by harvesting time. The treatment conditions were not affected to the ability of yeast isolation.

This study aims to determine approriate diets for rearing of grey-ell catfish fingerlings. A triplicate experiment with nine diet treatments including 3 treatments with red worm, trashfish and artificial diet and 6 treatments of combinations of the above diets with Artemia or Moina at 1 ind/L was designed. Catfish fingerlings with innitial body weight of 0.5g were stocked at the density of 1 ind/L in rearing tanks containing 50L of brackish water of 10? in salinity. Growth and survival rates of fish were determined every 10 days and the experiment lasted for 30 days. Results showed that the growth and survival of fish were affected mainly by trashfish, red worm and artificial feed. The treatments using trashfish gave the best growth and survival rates of fish, followed by the treatments using redworms. The treatments using artifial feed gave the poorest results.

This study evaluated the effects of arachidonic acid (ARA) supplemented in diets on maturation and reproductive capacity of tiger shrimp. Dietary treatments included three levels 0%, 0.45% and 1.06% of arachidonic acid. The experiment was conducted in 6 re-circulating water tanks. Male and female broodstock collected from the wild were stocked in separate tanks with the density of 20 individuals per tank. Female broodstock (initial weight 155g) was cultured in three 8- m3 tanks, andmales (initial weight 63g) was stocked in three 4-m3 tanks. The tank had a bio-filter installed at the bottom. After 3 months, female body weight across treatments averaged 173-174g, which is the standard size for induced spawning. The survival rate of shrimps was highest in treatment 3 (1.06% ARA). After eye stalk ablation, shrimp in all treatments matured and spawned until three times. However, fecundity decreased in successive spawning times, ranging from 538.450±56.498 to 799.067±22.983 eggs/shrimp. Shrimp in treatment 3 was more fecund than shrimp in the other treatments. The highest proportion of shrimps that re-matured after molting was also observed in  treatment 3. Meanwhile, in treatments 1 and 2, shrimps spawned only twice, and the fecundity and hatching rates were lower than those in treatment 3.

The use of biogas-effluent charcoal has been studied for crop fertilization. The objectives of this research were to: (i) quantify ammonia emission from different treated charcoal materials and (ii) evaluate salad growth under charcoal fertilization. Result showed that ammonia emission from urea treatment (36 mgN/pot) was higher than that of mangrove (14 mgNH3/pot) or melaleuca (13 mgNH3/pot) charcoal materials. As a result, the charcoal gave salad yield (85 g/pot) higher than that of urea treatment (32 g/pot). Therefore,  biogas effluent charcoal can be used for fertilization, as well as for reducing environmental pollution.

The study was conducted Cai Sao canal, An Giang from February 2009 to August 2009 with seven sampling periods at eight sites along the canal. The results indicated that Zoobenthos represented with 12 species belonging to 5 classes of Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, Crustacea, Gastropoda and Bivalvia. Densities of the zoobenthos varied significantly from 110 to 7,340 individuals/m2. Biomass also varied substantially from 21.03 ? 5,087.87g/m2. TheShannon diversity index was ranging from 0.528 to 2.019. With PCA analysis at 50% of similarity level of the zoobenthos biomass, the research area has been divided into two zones in the dry and three zones in the rainy seasons. Results from RPB III index indicated that pollution levels in Cai Sao canal was between average to very heavy.

Soc Trang province is located in the South-East of the Mekong delta and is a coastal area, so the area is almost intruded by saline water. Agricultural production is mainly based on rainfed crops. This study was conducted to evaluate the rotation ability on the rice field with cash crops in the typical rainfed area of Long Phu district Soc Trang province. Results proved that the local farmer can only alternate cash crop in the rice field with available fresh water in the dry season, or in the rainy season in the area of saline soils with medium ? high elevation. Soybean and maize is very suitable and prospective for alternative crops in the study area. 

The effective land uses have disseminated widely in the world and, therefore, land evaluation plays a very important role for this issue. The objectives of study were to apply ALES software linked with GIS for physical land evaluation and multi-criteria evaluation were done for proposed land use types in term of food security; increasing of benefit;  social effect and sustainable environment. From that, land use types can be recommended effectively. Results of land suitability evaluation in Cang Long district showed that thirty two land mapping units were identified by overlapping of land characteristic maps. eight promising land use types were selected for land and divided into three physical suitability zones. In combination between physical land evaluation and multi-criteria evaluation, three land use types such as double rice+ upland crops (LUT3), fruit trees (LUT7), and Cyperus (LUT8) were proposed

The study was carried out at the laboratory of Biotechnology Research & Development Institute, Can Tho University to confirm the identification of two entomopathogenic fungi collected from vegetable crops in 4 provinces of the Mekong delta using PCR technique. Five isolates from An Giang (AG), Can Tho (CT), Vinh Long (VL) and Soc Trang (ST) were identified belongs to Metarhizium anisopliae Sorokin (Ma) and Beauveria bassianaVuillemin (Bb). PCR products of 3 Metarhizium anisopliae isolates namely Ma-AG, Ma-VL, Ma-CT and 2 isolates of Beauveria bassiana, Bb-CT and Bb-ST showed band 420 bps and 540 bps respectively with 2 pairs of specific primers: Mac spF, Mac spR for Metarhizium anisopliaeand Bebas spF, Bebas spR for Beauveria bassiana fungi. The PCR analysis confirms the morphological identification of these 5 isolates of insect-pathogen fungi.

Chlorine is a widely chemical water treatment in aquaculture. However it will cause waste and hazardous to the health of fish and shrimp if no reasonable use. If water contains a lot of organic materials, chlorine reacts to form chloramine compounds which are quite stable and toxic to fish and shrimp. This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of forming chloramine compounds and determine the toxicity of chlorine to tilapia (weight of fish from 8-12g/con, length of fish from 8-10 cm/con). Results showed that chlorine was toxic to tilapia with 96h LC50 of 0,7 mg Cl/L. Effect of chlorine on the formation of chloramine compounds were carried out on five levels of chlorine concentrations (0, 0,03, 0,28, 0,35 and 0,7 mg Cl / L) over seven sampling times ( 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours). Results showed that levels of free chlorine and chloramine compounds increased with the treated chlorine concentration and decreased with the exposured time which monochloramine compound was mainly. Immediately after administration of chlorine, the free chlorine was highest, the mono-, di- and tri-chloramine was highest at 3, 6, 72 and 24 hours respectively, after 96 hours the free chlorine and chloramine compounds were not detected. The high concentration of chlorine concentrations increased the level of methemoglobine in the blood, fish blood turned brown.

In this research, 18 pure strains were isolated from 6 different samples of fresh oyster mushrooms. Three groups of these 18 isolates, giving significantly different ability of starch degradation at the 95% confidence level could be distinguished. One representative strain of each group was selected for further study of morphological and genetic characteristics, including strains of 1.2 (TCT), 2.3 (TBT) and 5.2 (NBT). The morphological and molecular identifications performed the similar results in which two strains of white oyster mushrooms were Pleurotus floridanus and one strain of Japanese oyster mushroom was Pleurotus cystidiosus. Because of its highest performance in starch degrading activity, Pleurotus floridanus (strain 1.2) was selected for the study of conditions affecting on its spawn growing. Based on the results of statistical analysis, the favourable conditions for spawn growing time were at 57% humidity and at 27oC incubation temperature.

Forest fire and different water managements in dry season may have strong impact on  soil characteristics in U Minh Ha national reserve in Ca Mau City in Vietnam. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating chemical characteristics of soil in the core zone where water was kept submerged almost all year and in the surroundings area where water was drained naturally in both peat forest and in burnt peat forest. Soil samples were taken in four different layers: surface peat layer, peat material adjacent to mineral layer, mineral layer and sulfuric layer in the core area and in surrounding area, in every 2-3 months. Result showed that fresh pH and EC of peat layer in the core area (4.8 and 0.18 mS /cm) were similar in the peat layer and in the surroundings (4.9 and 0.15 mS /cm). Available Fe and Mn extracted by NH4_EDTA pH 7 of peat layer in the surroundings (4474 mg/kg Fe and 170 mg/kg Mn, respectively) were higher than those in the core area (1509 mg/kg Fe and 80 mg/kg Mn, respectively). Keeping water in submerged condition in the dry season reduced accumulation of Fe and Mn in peat materials, but prolonged submerged condition may affect plant growth; therefore suitable water management should be investigated in the core area.

Influence of raw materials and additional method of tannins in two stages (before and after fermentation) was done in this study with the aim of improving extraction efficiency and maintain wine quality (color, taste) were produced from "sim" fruit. The results showed that ?sim? fruit (Hill Gooseberry) (grown in Phu Quoc, Kien Giang province) could be classified into four types according to size and ripeness. The black color ?sim? fruit could be used to produce high quality sim wine. The combined addition of tannin before and after fermentation (0.15% and 0.075%, respectively) did not only maintain a durable and beautiful purple red wine but also increased the flavor characteristics of ?sim? wine.

The aim of study was to evaluate effect of microbial-compost (MC) from compost together with two strains of beneficial bacteria for vegetable cultivation with 50% amount of chemical fertilizers on yield and quality [nitrate concentration in product]. The results showed that using 15-30 tons MC/ha and 50 N ? 24 P2O5 ? 12 K2O kg/ha in leaf-eating vegetable cultivation had fresh biomass as well as vegetable applying 100 N - 48 P2O5 ? 24 K2O kg/ha but nitrate content in leaves was low. In spice vegetable cultivation, no difference of fresh biomass between 15- 30 tons MC/ha - 50 N ? 42,5 P2O5 ? 20 K2O kg/ha treatments and 100 N - 85 P2O5 ? 40 K2O kg/ha treatment; applying 15 - 30 tons MC/ha - 80 N ? 47 P2O5 ? 20 K2O kg/ha in onion-leave cultivation had fresh biomass equivalent as onion-leave applying 160 N - 94 P2O5 ? 40 K2O kg/ha but nitrate content in onion plant was low. Application of 30 tons MC - 99 N ? 69 P2O5 ? 55 K2O kg/ha in balsam-apple, cucumber, turnip cultivation improved pod-yield and quality pod. Analysis of benefit showed that applying MC together with half quantity of inorganic fertilizer in spinach cultivation (the first cropping-season) basella-alba and lettuce cultivation (the second cropping-season) were the highest income; Spice-vegetable and balsam-apple cultivation had the highest benefits in both of two cropping-seasons however the biggest income of cucumber and turnop cultivation in the second cropping-season. Therefore, application of MC not only saved a half concentration of chemical fertilizers for vegetable cultivation but also kept quality products.

The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block, 3 replications, 15 treatments of 15 varieties/ lines of rice: MTL 513, MTL495, MTL549, MTL 645, TPCT1, TPCT6, TPCT7, TPCT8, TPCT10, TPCT11, TPCT12, TPCT13, TPCT14, TPCT15 and Jasmine85 as control variety. The experiment was conducted in winter-spring crop of 2009-2010 in Chau Thanh A district, Vi Thuy district and Nga Bảy Town of Hau Giang province. The result has 03 varieties/ lines of aromatic rice, short growth duration (less than 100 days), less disease, higher-yield seed for certification, and has elongated grains of rice and good rice quality, achieving requested objectives.

Stemming from the need to expand the growing rice area to Phu Tan district - An Giang province, and diversify to create the same delicious typical rice style. CK2003 seed collected from this area, the purifying method and selected by SDS-PAGE approaching to high yield, good quality. The experiments including 5 pure lines were carried out two seasons (Winter Spring 2008-22009 and summer- Autumn 2009) by RCBD with three replications. Results showed that 3 elite lines was chosen. Yields ranged from 6.5 to 7.5 ton/ha compared to the variety control CK2003 (5.5-6.0 ton/ha), low amylose content 10%.

This study was conducted to determine rice yields under different seeding rates in the 2010-Summer-Auturmn crop in Phung Hiep district, Hau Giang province. Experiments were arranged according to Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications, including 4 treatments: SH 50 (row seeding 50kg/ha), SH 100 (row seeding 100kg/ha), SL (broadcast 100 kg/ha) and SL 200 (broadcast 200 kg/ha). Results indicated that all the row seeding with 50, 100 kg/ha and broadcast with 100 kg/ha (6.65, 6.79 and 6.08 tons/ha) produced higher yields than broadcast with 200 kg/ha (5.67 tons/ha). Row seeding with 100kg/ha had the highest yield (6.79 tons/ha) equivalent to 19.75% increase in yield compared to SL 200. Row seeding 50 and 100kg/ha have had effective positive  limited damage of nivaparvata lugens, blast disease, mouse and anti fall for rice in the Summer-Auturmn  crop.

The Investigation of maternal antibodies of ducklings and unvaccinated geese, moscovy ducks, scavenging chickens and the circulation of virus H5N1 were carried out in Dong thap and Hau giang provinces. HI method was used to determine antibody of experimental birds. Real-time RT- PCR technique with MagMAXTM -96AI/ND viral RNA isolate kit (USA) was used to detect virus H5N1. Results are as follows: The maternal antibodies levels of 1 day old Super M ducklings reached to protective rate were 23.33%. This rate decreased to 5% on the 13rd day of age. The positive serological rate of unvaccinated geese, Muscovy ducks, scavenging ducks and chickens were from 4% to 20% of total tested samples. The presence of virus H5N1 was also detected in blood and swab samples with the rate from 3.84% to 16.67% of tested samples. In markets of alive poultry, virus detected level in swab samples of muscovy ducks and ducks was 16.67%.

The research ?Assessments of Arsenic pollutions in surface water in the Mekong Delta? has been carried out to determine the Arsenic pollution levels in water at different ecological zones. Research results showed that Arsenic concentrations increased from inland rivers to estuaries and from the upstream to the downstream of Tien and Hau Rivers. The Arsenic level was about 4 times higher in saline areas than in National Technical Regulation for coastal water quality (QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT). Arsenic concentrations in saline areas were significant differences from that in brackish and freshwater areas, which were average concentrations of 49.47 ± 23.57 ?g.L-1, 8.51 ± 7.79 ?g.L-1, and 1.48 ± 1.26 ?g.L-1 respectively. It is found from the research that Arsenic concentrations had a positive correlation with pH, ??EC and SS in saline areas and with EC and SS in brackish areas. It is recommended that study needed on reducing Arsenic pollutions for protecting and  improving people?s  health.

In order to determine the capacity of wine yeasts isolated from palm juice to be used effectively for the wine production process, experiments were performed including (i) propagation of isolated yeast, (ii) selection appropriate fermentation parameters to survey the activity of yeast fermentation of pure breeds and also (iii) comparison to palm wine quality produced by using of commercial strain (saccharomyces cerevisiae). The results showed that the yeast strain isolated from palm juice in the morning, treated by sodium metabilsulfite, selected from 21 yeast strain had the best fermenting activity with outstanding features such as fastest fermentation (2 hours) by Durham test, the highest ethanol content (13,2% v/v) and the less reducing sugars (1,65%) remained.

In this research, a data-based mechanistic modeling approach was developed to online controlling of three-dimensional temperature distribution of products during pasteurization process. 75 pure water cans (200x504) were used in this research. During the experiments, step input on a water inlet temperature (hot water) was applied while temperature of water inside cans (product temperature) was recorded (18 sensors for hot water and 18 sensors for products in a matrix 3x3x2). The simplified refined instrument variable (SRIV) algorithm was used as the model parameter identification tool to obtain the best model order and parameters. A first order transfer function from the dynamic response of product temperature from hot water with a high coefficient of determination and a low standard error explained the heat exchange in a system. The measured data and the model providing a physically meaningful parameter related to a heat transfer coefficient from hot water to products could be used for online controlling of the 3D temperature distribution of products in the pasteurization equipment.

Quality index method (QIM) was developed to meet the requirements quickly and accurately assess the quality, while allowing an estimated storage time seafood materials. Construction the quality assessment program of black tiger prawn is based on the creating the QI scale of the material. The studies were carried out by concern on the changes of quality kept at 0?1oC, 1?2oC, 2?3oC and 3?4oC from lethal until spoilage basing on the sensory quality, pH, NH3 and micro-organisms. The relationship between these items was established and the storage time and QI scale was build up. The results showed high correlation between QI and storage time. The QI scale ranged from 0 to 14, the storage time were 10, 9, 8 and 8 days corresponding for storage temperatures mentioned above. This correlation had the following reliability test and it was represented by software with clear instructions, easy to use to evaluate freshness and estimate storage time of black tiger prawn stored at 0 to 4oC.

This study was conducted in green house to determine the effect of calcium form on proline accumulation and rice growth under saline irrigation condition. There were 5 treatments arranged in randomized completely design with 3 replications. The results showed that supplemental calcium increased proline accumulation in rice, in which CaSO4 form was the highest effect. The use of Ca(NO3)2 and CaSO4  forms have improved plant height of rice. Panicle length were also improved by CaSO4. Ca(NO3)2 was recorded to enhance percentage of filled grains, 1000-grain weight and grain yield under           salt stress.