Vacuum drying is an advanced method widely used in the processing of dried fruit and vegetable products. In this study, the effect of four temperatures (40oC, 50oC, 60oC, and 70oC) at a constant vacuum level of -700 mmHg (corresponding to an absolute pressure of 60 mmHg) on the kinetics of moisture ratio change of black cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum cv. OG) were investigated. The suitable model for describing the vacuum drying process was chosen by fitting eight commonly used drying models (Lewis, Page, modified Page, Henderson and Pabis, logarithmic, two-term, two-term exponential, modified Henderson and Pabis). The effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy were calculated using the Fick’s diffusion equation. The results showed that increasing drying temperature accelerated the vacuum drying process and the goodness of fit tests indicated that the suggested logarithmic model gave the best fit to experimental data among the eight tested drying models. The everage effective moisture diffusivity values varied from 3,9028.10-10 to 1,7580.10-9 m2/s over the temperature range. The temperature dependence of the effective moisture diffusivity for the vacuum drying of the black cherry tomato samples was satisfactorily described by an Arrhenius-type relationship with activation energy value of 38.69 kJ/mol within 40 to 70oC.

The aim of the study is to assess the effects of processing conditions and sterilization to the quality of mushrooms in PA plastic. Mushrooms were blanched in the CaCl2 1% solution, at temperature 85oC in 3 minutes. The blanched mushrooms were treated under vacuum condition and packed in the PA plastic and then filled with NaCl 3% solution (the ratio between mushrooms and salt solution was 1:1). The PA bags containing mushrooms were sterilized at the optimum conditions, such as temperatures of saturated steam 118oC and F-value 4 minutes. The final products had the good texture and lightness color.

The study is aimed to identify the factors influencing residents’ livelihood in the drought and saltwater intrusion in the Mekong Delta. Data were collected from the survey of 300 randomly selected farmers in Soc Trang, Kien Giang and Tra Vinh provinces. With random sampling method, each province was selected two districts, and each district was selected one commune. Multiple regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the livelihood outcome. The resultse show that income is one of the factors of livelihood outcome, and there are many factors affecting income of residents in salty drought area. Credit has negative correlation with the livelihood output while total farmland area, experiences, support of local goverments, sources of income, means of production had positive correlation with the livelihood outcome. On the basis of this, a number of solutions has been proposed to help the residents adapt to drought and saltwater intrusion in the coming year at the research sites.

The Vietnamese New Poetry Movement is one of the outstanding achievements of the modernization of Vietnamese literature in the first half of the twentieth century. Moreover, the New Poetry movement has contributed to bringing Vietnamese literature out of regional influence and catching up with the world literature trend. This paper mainly points out and analyzes the characteristics and nature of the Vietnamese New Poetry movement from the context of modernizing East Asian poetry.

Short stories in the Mekong Delta in the first ten years of the twenty-first century has a rich and diverse appearance. Writers are always conscious of renewing artistic thinking, innovating the mode of expression, and revealing their creative personality. In addition to the writers who left their mark in the previous period, at this stage, more writers appeared and they soon asserted their position on the literature with valuable works. They are interested in many topics about daily life, human condition, nature and culture in the South West. The variety of themes that reflect and are unique about the arts have given the Mekong Delta short has own unique appearance. This article is aimed to exploit a number of themes and some artistic features from a genre perspective.

Lubricating oil are petroleum-based hydrocarbons that are widely used to lubricate machines, equipments, tools and engines. In soils, lubricating oil is mobile and can reach the water bodies hence affecting human health. This study aimed at isolating and selecting indigenous bacteria capable of mineralizing and performing chemotaxis towards lubricating oil. From the 3 lubricating oil contaminated soil samples collected in Can Tho city, 43 bacterial isolates able to grow on minimal medium supplemented with lubricating oil (1% v/v) as the only carbon source for bacterial growth were isolated. Among these, 27 isolates were Gram-negative bacteria and 16 isolates were Gram-positive bacteria. All isolates were able to grow on minimal medium with Tween 80 (1% v/v) addition. Three out of 43 isolates including GS20, GS21, and GS38 produced their biomass faster than the others. After 3 days of inoculating in minimal medium with lubricating oil added (2% v/v), GS20 showed its highest lubricating oil mineralization, via CO2 evolved, with the efficiency of 93.4% significantly different (p < 0.05) from GS21 and GS38 that showed 72.9% and 54.9% of CO2 production, respectively. Chemotaxis test of the 3 isolates indicated that only GS38 performed chemotaxis activity towards lubricating oil.

The medicinal plant Scoparia dulcis is used for the treatment of bronchitis, gastric disorders, antidiabetes, hypertension, hepatitis etc. In this study, experiments were designed to evaluate in vitro the anti-inflammatory activity and to isolate phytochemicals from the methanol extract of leaves of Scoparia dulcis. The chemical investigation of this extract, through chromatography method, led to the isolation of two flavonoids, their chemical structures were identified as apigenin 7-O-rutinoside (1) and isoquercitrin (2). In the anti-inflammatory assay, crude ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate as well as methanol fractions had potent anti inflammation activity through the inhibition of nitric oxide formation in cells.

In this paper, we study characterizations of minimal solutions to multi-objective optimization problems under with data containing the uncertainties defined in a given set. Firstly, we recall preliminaries of topological vector space ordered by a cone along with concepts related to the closedness, boundedness and properness properties of sets. Then, we consider properties of the nonlinear scalar function Gerstewitz in the topological vector space ordered by a solid cone and its generalizations. Finally, we introduce a concept of minimal solutions to the considered problems, and then based on properties of the generalization nonlinear scalar function, we establish characterizations of the minimal solutions. Besides, we give many examples to illustrate general concepts and properties to make the article easier to read.

In this study, Landsat 5-TM, 8-OLI remote sensing image data and classification method of Maximum Likelihood Classifier - MCL were used to classify and assess the changes in the area of mangrove forests in Tien Giang province over the period 1988-2018. The results of the image interpretation in 1988, 1998, 2013, 2018 and the overlapping of the mangrove maps over stages show the area of mangroves in Tien Giang province decreased continuously from 1988 to 2013, then increased from 2013 to 2018. If considering the period of 30 years from 1988 to 2018, the total area of mangroves in Tien Giang province was decreased by 12,4% compared to the beginning, from 1.761,8 ha in 1988 reduced to 1.543,5 ha in 2018, decreasing by 218,4 ha. The recovery rate of mangroves is determined to be 36 ha/year, lower than their disappearance rate in this period (43 ha/year). Mangroves are restored mainly from coastal seawater surface (accounting for 66.6%); planting mangroves in abandoned shrimp ponds, or planting mangroves in combination with aquaculture (accounting for 27.6%).

The aim of this paper is to study the model of diffusion process in one dimension. The method of moments is used, as in Depauw and Derrien(2009) and Lam (2014) to prove that this process converges in probability to a constant (Theorem 1.1). More precisely, with be the corresponding infinitesimal generator of the previous process and a given function f, we solve the Poisson’s equation and then treat the limits of its solutions, the law of large number is instantly given by the convergence of the moment.

Five coumpounds including 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (1), 3,5,7-trimethoxyflavone (2), di-O-methylpinocembrin (3), bisdemethoxycurcumin (4),  aloe-emodin (5) were isolated from the n-hexane extract of Kaempferia parviflora rhizomes. Their structures were elucidated by ESI-MS, 1D & 2D-NMR spectra and compared their spectra with published data. Among them, compounds 4, 5 were reported for the first time from Kaempferia parviflora species.

Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to clarify the adsorption/desorption behaviors of the rotigotine (ROT) drug on the gold surface using the small Au6 gold cluster as a model reactant. Geometries of resulting complexes are optimized using the PBE functional in conjunction with the cc-pVTZ-PP basis set for gold and the cc-pVTZ basis set for the non-metals. The binding sites and energies, along with several quantum chemical indicators are also investigated at the same level of theory. Computed results show that the drug molecules tend to anchor on the gold cluster at the N atom with binding energies around −18.6 kcal/mol (in vacuum) and −18.9 kcal/mol (in aqueous solution). If a visible light with a wavenumber of  nm is applied, the time for the recovery of Au6 from the complex will be around 0.1 to 0.2 seconds at 298 K. In addition, the gold cluster is found to benefit from a larger change of energy gap that could be converted to an electrical signal for selective detection of ROT. Noticeably, the interaction between the drug and gold cluster is a reversible process and a drug release mechanism was also proposed. Accordingly, the drug is able to separate from the gold surface due to either a slight change of pH in tumor cells, or a presence of cysteine residues in protein matrices.

The main goal of this paper is to construct the neutrosophic soft topogical space by giving new operations on neutrosophic soft set. The author has changed the operations constructed in the research of Ozturk and et al. (2019) based on original definitions: fuzzy sets, soft sets, neutrosophic soft sets. Then, we have checked the properties and propositions of these operations. Finally, we want to clarify new constructed operations keep the relationship of neutrosophic soft topological space and component topogical spaces: fuzzy topogical space, fuzzy soft topogical space.

A study was conducted to evaluate herd structure, milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows at Can Tho Farm Milk. This farm has total 408 dairy cattle, but the study just focused on lactating cows. The cows at Farm Milk were divided into two groups including A (≥15 kg milk/day) and B (15 kg milk/day). Results showed that ratio of cows on lactation was only 22.8%, whereas this number of heifers was 28.2%. CP consumption of group B was sufficient, but lack of CP consumption was found in group A (-0,33 kg/day). Average milk yield at farm was 14.15 kg/day comprising of 16.54 kg/day in group A and 11.13 kg/day in group B. Milk yield of lactating cows reached a peak at 2 months postpartum (20.40 kg/day) and decreased to 10.25 at 9 months after parturition. Group B has high content of milk fat, protein and total solid (4.02, 3.51 and 12.66) compared to those of group A (3.39, 3.09 and 11.70). In conclusion, the rate of cows on lactation at Farm Milk was low, but this can be solved in near future due to high numbers of heifers. The greater milk yield was observed at Farm Milk in comparison to other farms in the Mekong Delta. Milk compositions were quite high in group B while these were a little low in group A.

Franz Kafka is a Jewish writer composing mainly in German. Up to now, many Kafka's works have been selected, translated and introduced in Vietnam: The Metamorphosis, the Castle, the Trial, Amerika, Letter to the father, etc. Kafka's works restore a cracked and broken world with full of skepticism and cognitive distrust. The Metamorphosis is a typical work of Kafka's composing legacy. In The Metamorphosis, Kafka cleverly interwoven and assembled many artistic motifs to convey the value of the work, stimulate the readers' thinking of exploration and discovery. In this study, we focus on the interpretation of the metamorphosis motif - the motif that plays an important role in conveying inexplicable problems in modern life. From there, we analyze Kafka's success and contribution to the world literature.

This paper is aimed at providing a review of studies related to technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). The literature is based on credible sources especially journal articles published within 20 recent years on reliable journals and publishers. The TPACK model, its roles, and findings of related empirical studies are reviewed and analysed. On that basis, the author stressed the necessity to conduct research on TPACK in the context of Vietnam. Three directions for future research include validating recent TPACK assessment tools, researching foreign language teachers’ TPACK, and focusing on TPACK development and its effect on teaching and learning of foreign languages.

The study was conducted to determine the factors that affect land price in Can Tho city based on the application of exploratory factor analysis model (EFA) and multivariate linear regression model. The survey was conducted with 328 land users in Can Tho city during the period from June to December 2019. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis show that 61.0% of the variation in land price is affected by groups of factors included in the research model, while the rest (39,0%) was explained by other factors outside the model. The obtained results showed that there were six groups of factors affecting the land prices in Can Tho city, including: natural factor group , other factor group, economic factor group, group of factors of infrastructure, group of legal factors, State policy, group of social factors. The group of natural factors had the highest effect on land price with 12,86% contribution and social factors had the least effect on land price with contribution 6,45%.

Phenol, an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula of C6H5OH, toxic to humans and all living things, is commonly found in waste water and sewage sludge. The study aimed at investigating the effect of some selected environmental factors on phenol degradation capability of three yeast strains isolated from the sediment samples of a pond collecting the wastewater from laboratories of College of Agriculture, Can Tho University. The investigation of the environmental factors including pH, temperature, salt concentration, protein source, and carbon source on degradation of phenol was carried out in the minimum salt medium containing 500 mg.L-1 phenol. The concentration of phenol in liquid medium was determined by colorimetric method with Folin - Clocalteu’s reagent at 758 nm. The results of the study showed that all three yeast isolates showed their high ability in phenol degradation under the following conditions including pH of the medium from 5 to 7, 30oC, and (NH4)2SO4 as nitrogen source for growing. They showed their high salinity tolerance up to to 1.5% NaCl. In short, the results indicated that these three yeast isolates have a high capacity in application to remediate phenol polluted soils and sediments. 

Suspended sediments (alluvium) play a significant role in the supply of nutrients and agricultural production in the ecosystem of the Mekong Delta. A regression analysis between the Normalized Suspended Material Index (NSMI) and the actual sediment deposition were applied to create the spatial distribution of the suspended sediment concentration. The coefficient R2 reached 0.92 in the collecting data on October 18th, 2019. The range of total suspended sediment concentration was determined by applying Sentinel 2A image in An Giang province ranged from 0 to 100 mg/l. The concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) mainly tended to distribute in the flooded area, in the upstream and downstream along Hau river in An Giang province. The study result showed that Sentinel 2A data has the ability to develop a spatial suspended sediment map in surface water (alluvium matter) in 2019 with high significant statistics. This result can be foundation for the research related to the concentration of total suspended solids changes, alluvium soil and fertile alluvium in the rivers especilly in coastal estuarine, Vietnam.

In this study, Artemia was cultured in seawater and sea-salt medium with and without biofloc application. The two- factorial experiment produced 4 treatments and there were 3 replicates for each. Artemia was reared in 60 L plastic tanks, containing 40 L culture medium with a density of 500 nauplii/L, salinity 30‰ and lasting for 20 days. In the first two days after stock, Artemia was fed with fresh Chaetoceros algae, and after that till the end of experiment, formulated feed was used as daily food. In biofloc treatments, the C/N ratios were regulated by adding molasses into the Artemia culture medium based on TAN concentration from the 5th day. Results from experiment showed that survival rate, growth rate were more or less similar between the treatments after the 7th day. Fecundity and harvested biomass were influenced by the biofloc application, but the reproduction mode was affected by both experimental factors, and Artemia tend to produce cysts in biofloc combined with seawater (79%). The biomass collected in biofloc tanks was significantly higher than that in normal culture (3.52 g/L vs. 3.24 g/L; p

The population dynamics of Puntioplites proctozystron in Binh Thien lagoon was studied to identify fluctuation about quantity and size, growth parameters to provide information for improving explored and aquatic resource management. The study was carried out at Binh Thien lagoon from July 2017 to June 2018 through 12 times of sampling (12 months). Fishes sampling were collected by gillnet, fence trapnet, castnet with mesh size from 0.5-4.5 cm to catch all size of the fish with various depth levels. These fishes were balanced body weight (g/ind) and measured total length (cm). Total fishes collected 1.975 individuals, it found many various fish sizes appeared in the lagoon at the same time, ratios of small fish are high in rainy season and flood seasons, whereas large fish occupied higher rate from March to July. Data was analyzed by FISAT II software. Two peaks recruitment were January – February and September – October, these fingerlings are born within the lagoon and migrated from upstream flow to the lagoon. The maximum total length was 23 cm have seen in May, it also found that asymptotic length L∞=30cm, growth parameter K=1.5/year, natural mortality M=1.5/year, fishing mortality F =0.8/ year, to=0.1, it is hard to find fish size with 18-23cm in the lagoon.

This study was aimed to identify similarities and differences in growth and morphological characteristics of beardless barb (Cyclocheilichthys apogon) between two sexes. Fish samples (n=244) were collected in canals surrounding U Minh Thuong, Kien Giang province from July 2019 to March 2020. Length-weight relationship (LWR) and morphological characteristics including countable traits (number of fin spines and rays) and morphometric indices (ratios of body and head measurements to standard length and head length) were analyzed. Females have larger sizes than males (P

The internal credit is one of the important services for agricultural cooperatives, contributing to improving the production and business performance of both cooperatives and members. Based on the current situations, there have not been any internal credits due to difficulties in financial capital in Vinh Long province. The study conducted focus group interviews with 29 agricultural cooperatives and face-to-face interviews with 244 members of the cooperatives. The research results show that the majority of cooperatives (62.1%) and members (81.97%) were willing to establish and pay for the internal credits. OLS regression results show that participation in training and participation in unions and mass organizations have positive relationship while production experience has a negative effect on willingness to participate and pay for the internal credits. The study also proposed some specific recommendations to establish and develop the internal credit systems for agricultural cooperatives in Vinh Long province.

Using short duration high yielding rice varieties for production 2, 3 crops per year, in the Mekong Delta simultaneous sowing led to a mass harvest, thus, booking for a combined harvester and selling all harvests were a big challenge. Therefore, there have been some people who do the job as the brokers, usally called as “rice brokers”. Most of them were rice prducers who take time to do this brokerage activity. Their operating time for this activity depended on each rice broker, it only takes about 7days per crop. If they expanded this work at other localities, it took more than 80 days per crop on average, and the average income of these people was quite high compared to the people who specialize in rice production, 159,13 million VND/ha/year compared with 43,97 million VND/ha/year. Thus, with the high income, the number of people who work as "rice brokers" in rural areas have appeared more and more. However, the problems were unavoidable during the process of operation, it was necessary to train farmers on basic legal information and management of cooperatives and farmers groups to help them produce and sell their products by themseleves.

The study was to find out strains of bacteria isolated from fermented cereal grains, including rice, corn, soybean and sesame, on De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar medium capable of antagonistic ability to Rhizoctonia solani fungus causing damping-off on chilli seedlings (Capsicum annuum L.). The capability of bacterial isolates against pathogenic fungus was investigated on PDA medium with 4 different experimental conditions including: (1) antagonistic bacteria and pathogenic fungus were inoculated simultaneously, (2) using extracellular fluids of antagonistic bacteria, (3) pathogenic fungus was inoculated 24 hours ahead, and (4) antagonistic bacteria were inoculated 24 hours ahead. The results showed that a total of 33 bacterial isolates were obtained from 4 cereal grains, including 11 strains from rice, 14 strains from corn, 4 strains from soybean, and 4 strains from sesame. Among bacterial isolates, the three strains M2, M3 and G5 had the greatest antagonistic performance with the mycelium growth of the R. solani fungus. The isolate G5 showed the greatest antagonistic effectivness under the conditions of which this strain was inoculated 24 hours before Rhizoctonia solani fungus. The strain of bacteria G5 was identified as Bacillus velezensis. G5 by sequencing the 16S-rRNA gene (primers 27F-1492R). The results allow to conclude that fermented cereal grains, particularly fermented rice grains, contain microbial sources of Bacillus spp. being capable of bio-controlling the damping-off on chilli seedlings.

The study aimed to evaluate the suitable kind of nutrient solutions and substrates for cultivating commercial gerbera in pot under drip irrigation in the net house. The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomised Design (CRD), two factors including three nutrient solutions (Hoagland, Çolakoğlu-2 and Johnson; tap water) (factor A) and three substrates (coconut fiber dust, ripping straw, coconut fiber dust + ripping straw (1:1) (factor B). The experiment was included 12 treatments with five replications, five plants (pots) for each replication. The results showed that, potting gerbera applied a drip irrigation system using Johnson solution showed maximum plant height, number of roots, flower stalk length, flower diameter and longest flowering duration (12.9 days). Potting gerbera cultivating on ripping straw or coconut fiber dust + ripping straw (1:1) substrates used a drip irrigation system showed maximum plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of roots, number of flowers/plant, flower stalk length and flower diameter.

The study was conducted to evaluate plant growth and biomass of three aquatic plants including cattail (Typha orientalis C. Presl), grey sedge (Lepironia articulata Retz. Domin.), and bulrush (Scirpus littoralis Schrad.), which were grown on acid sulfate soils in the Mekong Delta. Before planting, soil pH improvement in acid sulfate soil using CaCO3 was studied with two-ton CaCO3/ha and without CaCO3 (considered as control treatment). The soil was continued to grow the three studied plants, which were conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The results showed that applying and soaking acid sulfate soil with CaCO3 for 42 days, the pH soil was improved 4.02 and higher than that of the initial soil (pH=3.02). After 90 days of planting, the growth, fresh and dry biomass accumulation in the shoots and roots and leaves total chlorophyll content (SPAD) of T. orientalis and S. littoralis were higher in the acid sulfate soils applied CaCO3.

The objective of this study was to determine the proper sowing time, plant growth promotion substances, harvest time on sesame growth and yield. The first two-factorial experiment was carried out as (A) three periods of sowing (the early 14-day sowing, farmers’ concurrent sowing, and late 14-day sowing), (B) spraying of three plant growth promotion substances (Brassinolide, Calci-Bo, and Selenium). The second two-factorial experiment was carried out as (A) three periods of sowing (the early 14-day sowing, farmers’ concurrent sowing, and late 14-day sowing), (B) three periods of harvest (85%, 95%, and 100% yellow leaves), with three replications. The results showed that the early 14-day sowing period in comparison with farmers’ sowing obtained higher number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, weight of 1,000 seeds and sesame yield. Spraying calcium – boron helped to increase number of capsules per plant in experimental site of Lap Vo whilst spraying Brassinolide supported to improve plant height, number of capsules per plant and sesame yield in Hong Ngu site. The harvest at 95% and 100% yellow leaves phases obtained higher sesame yield at 85% leaves were turning yellow. The harvest at 100% yellow leaves phase obtained higher oil content at 85% or 95% leaves were turning yellow.       

This study was conducted to assess the inhibitory activity of cinnamon essential oil (Cinnamomum verum) on rotten pathogenic moulds isolated from strawberries, papaya, plums, and mangoes. Fungal strains were isolated on PDA and identified through colonial morphology, mycelia, spores, and ITS sequence. The antifungal activity of cinnamon essential oil was observed by agar disk diffusion method and dilution microbroth. The results revealed that four pathogenic fungi causing fruit rot include two fungal strains of  Fusarium sp., one strain of Lasiodiplodia sp., and a strain of Diaporthe sp. Cinnamon essential oil completely inhibited the growth of mycelium of four fungal strains at the concentration of 0.4 µL/mL by diffusing the essential oil in agar and completely prevent the germination of spores two strain Fusarium sp. by the dilution microbroth method. The MIC of essential oil with four isolated by diffusion method is 0.3 - 0.4 µL/mL and by dilution microbroth method is 0.4 µL/mL for TB1 and 0.2 µL/mL for the TB2. The MFC of essential oils is 0.3 - 0.6 µL/mL.

Lai Thieu mangosteen is the typical fruits of Vietnam; its pericarp is rich in various bioactive compounds which are good for health. The study was carried out to estimate the potential of using the Lai Thieu mangosteen pericarp to resist some microorganism species. The water extract of the mangosteen pericarp has a higher effectivity in anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity than ethanol extract of the mangosteen pericarp. The inhibitive diametric zone of Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Fusarium sp. of the water extract get 4,8 mm, 4,2 mm and 2,4 mm, respectively. The extractive productivity of antibacterial compounds from mangosteen pericarp was highest when extracted in the ethanol/ water solution with the ratio of 30/70 (v/v), at 50oC for 5 hours. The diameter of inhibitory zone was 9.6 mm. The MIC and MBC values for S. aureus of the mangosteen pericarp extract were 56.25 and 112.5 µg/ mL, respectively.