This study designs a remote-controlled electric vehicle model that integrates solar energy. Using Arduino for control and Mecanum wheels for omnidirectional movement, the vehicle integrates solar panels to improve performance and extend battery life. Tests are conducted under a variety of conditions, evaluating performance and recommending improvements. The results show positive energy efficiency. In particular, the vehicle can operate for a period of 3 to 4 hours in good weather conditions, but is limited in its ability to operate in low light, which can continue to run for about 2 hours by using a storage battery. According to the experimental results, a vehicle can maintain its stable connection within 15 meters and carry loads up to 3 kilograms. This research contributes to sustainable transportation solutions by integrating solar energy with small-scale electric vehicles, highlighting the potential and challenges for future development.

This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model for the vehicle routing problem with load window and time constraints (CVRPSTW). The main objective is to minimize transportation costs and simultaneously CO₂ emissions in the supply chain of the Bach Hoa Xanh store system. The model incorporates factors such as route optimization, time constraints and environmental impact considerations. The Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) includes the application of optimization algorithms, specifically the extended ε-Constraint method (AUGMECON) to solve multi-objective problems, and the Euclidean method using empirical data from the store chain to illustrate the feasibility of the model. The model results can significantly reduce operating costs and CO2 emissions. In addition, the Pareto solution is also determined to balance cost and environmental objectives.

The study aims to determine the correlation between soil physical and chemical properties and soil color in Vinh Long province. It utilizes data from the analysis of 50 soil samples, including soil color classification using the Munsell color system and 12 physicochemical soil indicators. The results show that the soils in the study area are highly nutrient-rich, especially in organic matter and nitrogen, with soil hues (Hue) of (2.5Y; 7.5YR; 10YR), lightness (Value) ranging from 2 to 6 at medium to high levels, and chroma (Chroma) mainly at level 1, indicating dark-colored soils. Linear correlation analysis identified 17 pairs of soil properties that correlate with soil color, including % Sand, % Silt, % Clay, pH(H₂O), pH(KCl), and organic matter content (OM), with the highest correlation found between OM and Value at a Hue of 10YR. These correlations can help predict certain soil properties based on soil color data, thereby reducing analysis costs and time. However, soil color is often influenced by other factors such as moisture, soil texture, organic matter content, light source, and accuracy in color matching.

This study was conducted to assess the potential of the venturi tube for dissolved oxygen supply into the wastewater. The experiments were carried out by two independent aeration types, including a venturi two nozzle-tube and air compressor-porous air stone systems. DO concentration was measured over time in the water tank and theoretical oxygen transfer rate was calculated. After 240 minutes of operation, the venturi tube-ejector model resulted in a DO concentration from nearly 0 mg/L up to over 8.1 mg/L at the central of the tank and 7.3 mg/L at the surrounding measured points, which is higher than that of the air compressor-porous air stone. In addition, the oxygen transmission coefficient Kla20max reaches 4.23 and (SOTR-the standard oxygen transfer rate)max was 1.1x10-2 kgO2/h of using the venturi device to suck the air and supply it to water through a nozzle. This study shows that the venturi two nozzle-tube system was better in supplying dissolved oxygen compared to the air compressor-porous air stone system in wastewater.

This study compares the surface properties and chemical composition of three materials: chitosan from shrimp shells, biochar from rice husks, and chitosan-biochar composite material, in order to evaluate their physicochemical properties. The analytical methods used include SEM to observe surface structure, EDX to determine chemical composition, BET to measure surface area, and FT-IR to identify functional groups. The results show that the BET surface area of chitosan-biochar (108.0 m²/g) is lower than that of biochar (115.6 m²/g) but higher than that of chitosan (9.86 m²/g). All materials have a porous surface with an average pore radius ranging from 2.26 nm to 2.34 nm. EDX spectra show that chitosan mainly contains C and O, while chitosan-biochar also contains Si and N. FT-IR confirms the presence of C–N and N–H functional groups in chitosan-biochar, while biochar contains additional C=C, C–O–C, and Si–O–Si groups. SEM indicates that chitosan and chitosan-biochar have an amorphous surface, while biochar has a porous structure. The chitosan-biochar material effectively adsorbs Methyl Orange (MO) from solution, with optimal adsorption conditions at pH ~3, 0.2 g material, and 240 minutes.

Nepenthes mirabilis (Nepenthaceae family) is a rare plant species with an endemic distribution and chemical composition altered by nutritional sources from the small animals they digest. This study successfully isolated compounds using column-chromatography techniques from the Nepenthes mirabilis species growing on Phu Quoc Island, Kien Giang province, Vietnam. According to modern spectroscopy analysis methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS and HR-ESI-MS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), this study has elucidated the long-chain aliphatic compounds structures isolated for the first time from the Nepenthaceae family: phytyl hexadecanoate (1), glyceryl-1-tetracosanoate (2), and behenyl alcohol (3). Besides, Lupenone (4), a triterpenoid group, was also isolated from Nepenthes mirabilis.

This research improves the cluster self-update algorithm for probability density functions (PDFs) when the parameter is selected based on each dataset rather than being constant, as in previous algorithms. The proposed algorithm is presented in detail with step-by-step procedures and numerical examples. It is also applied to image data, where the pixels are extracted and represented as representative PDFs. Applying numerical examples and images demonstrates that the proposed algorithm obtains good results and outperforms some recently published algorithms.

Castanopsis piriformis (Hickel & A. Camus) is recorded in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Its distribution in Vietnam is mainly concentrated in the Central Highlands and some southern provinces. This study is the first to investigate the chemical composition and biological activity of the methanol extract from Castanopsis piriformis leaves. Qualitative analysis revealed that the methanol extract of the leaves contains flavonoids, anthraglycosides, glycosides, reducing sugars, tannins, sesquiterpene lactones, coumarins, and terpenoid-steroids. Regarding biological activity, the extract exhibited moderate antioxidant activity (EC50 = 78,22 ± 7,50 µg/mL), anticancer activity against four cell lines (KB, HepG2, A549, and MCF-7) with IC50 values ranging from 32,86 ± 1,83 to 46,17 ± 1,94 µg/mL, and significant anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 = 52,65 ± 4,17 µg/mL). Notably, the extract strongly inhibited the α-glucosidase enzyme (IC50 = 0,57 ± 0,01 µg/mL), surpassing the positive control, acarbose (IC50 = 198,50 ± 6,25 µg/mL) (demonstrating potential for use in diabetes treatment.). This study highlights Castanopsis piriformis leaves' medicinal and food application potential due to their antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties.

Environmental pollution from food production facilities is becoming increasingly common. Therefore, research on Bacillus strains capable of producing amylase enzymes to treat wastewater rich in starch, such as wastewater from bread production, has become an urgent issue. From wastewater sources in Can Tho, 20 Bacillus spp. strains have been isolated with the ability to hydrolyze starch, showing clearing zone diameters ranging from 9 mm to 30 mm for 2 to 8 days. The strain NK16 exhibited the highest starch hydrolysis capability, producing 1.798 mg/mL of reducing sugars after 6 days. The results of the antibacterial capability survey showed that NK16 isolate had the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, with an inhibition zone diameter of 9.33 mm. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with several biochemical tests, NK16 was identified as Bacillus sp. and Bacillus velezensis with 99.73% similarity.

The Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) causes leaf deformation, disrupts photosynthesis, and reduces both the yield and quality of cassava. The disease spreads rapidly, is difficult to control, and currently has no specific treatment. This study collected cassava leaf samples from five provinces in the Southeast region of Vietnam to evaluate DNA extraction methods and virus detection techniques. Results showed that the CTAB–SDS method yielded the highest ssDNA concentration at 9,925 ng/mL respectively, outperforming both the commercial DNA extraction kit and the phenol–chloroform–isoamyl alcohol method. Additionally, real-time PCR using the specific primer pair 4F/4R effectively detected the DNA A-AV1 gene of the virus, identifying viral load after 12.1 cycles (Ct) with a maximum concentration of 250 × 10⁸ IU/mL. This method enables the detection of low viral loads, supporting early diagnosis of cassava mosaic disease with high accuracy and reliability. The findings offer significant potential for controlling SLCMV infection, helping to protect disease-resistant cassava varieties and support sustainable agricultural development.

The study aimed to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of onion peel extract and evaluate the cold preservation effect (4±1oC) of onion skin extract on minced fish paste. The results showed that onion peel extract had a total polyphenol content of 467 ± 1,66 mg GAE/g, showing antioxidant activities as demonstrated by in vitro antioxidant assay. For the antibacterial activity of onion skin extract, the MIC value recorded for Edwardsiella ictaluri strain was 500 µg/mL, while the values were 1000 µg/mL for all three strains Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae.  The chilled preservation effect of minced fish paste due to the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of onion peel extract was demonstrated. Samples supplemented with onion peel extract at concentrations of 500 and 1000 µg/g showed the inhibition of lipid oxidation compared to both untreated samples (day 8) and those treated with 27 µg/g of extract (day 20). For psychrophilic bacteria load, the samples with 500 and 1000 µg/g were statistically different from the sample without extract supplementation starting from day 4.

The study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of pretreatment with different additives to limit enzymatic browning, thereby helping to maintain the freshness of Typha orientalis under cold storage conditions. The results showed that post-harvest pretreatment of Typha orientalis by soaking in a solution containing ascorbic acid (0.75% concentration), 0.5% NaCl and CaCl2 for 30 minutes, with a ratio of Typha orientalis and solution of 1:2, helped maintain the fresh bright color and crisp texture of Typha orientalis. The brightness and texture of the water fern remained good after 15 days of cold storage at 4ºC in PA packaging with 80% vacuum.

The study utilized local seasonal rice varieties collected from various provinces in the Mekong Delta to examine antioxidant compounds, aiming to identify varieties with high antioxidant properties for future breeding programs. The analysis revealed that secondary compounds, such as anthocyanins, polyphenols, and antioxidant activity indices including 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) showed a strong correlation with the color of brown rice grains. Specifically, as grain color deepens from opaque white to light brown, brown, and reddish-brown, the antioxidant content increases. The research identified two varieties, such as Phuoc Ly and Ngu, with high antioxidant capacity. These findings represent an important first step towards breeding rice varieties with enhanced antioxidant properties.

The study aimed to isolate and select salt tolerant bacteria from the nodules of leguminous plants such as Macroptilum lathyroides, Clitoria marianna, Sesbania sesban, Arachis pintoi and Aeschynomene indica. YEMA medium supplemented with 1% NaCl was used to isolate bacteria. As a result, 10 strains were isolated through identification characteristics, including Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, aerobic, non-spore-forming, and non-staining on YEMA medium supplemented with 0.025% Congo Red. In addition, they are resistant to salt in liquid culture medium with NaCl concentrations ranging from 2.5% to 10%. Among them, three strains LĐ6, TL3, and BV8 showed good salt tolerance up to 10% NaCl. Based on the results of 16S rDNA gene sequencing, strain TL3 was identified as Rhizobium sp. TL3, while LD6 and BV8 were characterised as Enterobacter sp. LD6 and Enterobacter sp. BV8, respectively.

The study was implemented with the aim of finding out application rate for organic fertilizer and planting density on growth, yield and economic efficiency of green kernel black bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica (L.) verdc) on red-brown soil. The experiment was two factors design with 5 doses of organic fertilizer, such as 0 (control), 4, 8, 12, 16 tons/ha and 3 planting densities of 16, 12 and 8 plants/m2, was arranged in a split-plot, with 3 replications, in the spring crop season of 2024 in Vinh Giang commune, Vinh Linh district, Quang Tri province. The study found that the highest growth, yield, and economic efficiency of green kernel black bean were observed with 12 tons/ha of organic fertilizer and a planting density of 16 plants/m2 (P3M1 treatment). In this treatment, the actual yield was 1.26 tons/ha/crop, profit was 29,895,000 VND/ha/crop and Value Cost Ratio (VCR) was 4.35. The research results recommend to apply an organic fertilizer rate of 12 tons/ha and a planting density of 16 plants/m2 for green kernel black bean plants on red-brown soil in the spring crop at Quang Tri province.

Calotropis gigantea L. can withstand heat and drought well and often grows wild in harsh conditions. The study aimed to determine the appropriate mixing ratio of Calotropis gigantean L. biomass and cow dung to produce good quality compost after composting. The single-factor experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD), including five treatments that were mixed between fresh biomass of Calotropis gigantean L. (decreased from 100% to 60%) and cow dung (increased from 0% to 40%) in volume ratios. The mixtures were placed in covered compost bins during 60 days. The results showed that increasing the ratio of Calotropis gigantean L. biomass in the mixing formula raised the humidity, the rate of volume reduction of the compost and the C/N ratio. At 60 days after composting, the 60% Calotropis gigantean L. biomass + 40% cow manure showed the best quality with a moisture content of 26.1%, pH of 6.86, total C of 15.73%, total N of 0.720% and C/N ratio of 21.91%.

The effects of guava leaf extract supplementary to feed on immunity improvement for red tilapia (Oreochromis sp) reared in hapa. The study was conducted with 5 treatments corresponding to 5 different concentrations of guava leaf extract: 0% (control), 0.08%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 0.8% feed, respectively. The concentration of Ig activity gradually increased over the weeks and reached the highest at week 8 in two treatments 0.5% (26.21 mg/mL), 0.8% (24.97 mg/mL), and a significant difference was not found in the two treatments(p>0.05). Besides, lysozyme activity also rose the highest after 8 weeks; the concentrations were 228.43 U/mL and 223.52 U/mL in both treatments 0.5% and 0.8%, respectively. Particularly, the concentration of glucose in the plasma decreased gradually over the weeks and the lowest value in the treatment was 0.8% (14.40 mg/dL) after 8 weeks of adding the extract. The results showed that supplementary 0.5% guava leaf extract to the feed after 8 weeks led to resistance to stress as well as increased resistance to disease of the red tilapia.

The study was conducted with 2 experiments to determine the appropriate larval rearing density for the polychaete Dendronereis chipolini. In experiment 1, hatched larvae were reared at densities of 50, 100, 150, and 200 larvae/L with 5 replications. In experiment 2, the bottom settling larvae were arranged at densities of 30,000, 35,000, 40,000, 45,000, and 50,000 larvae/m2 with 3 replications. The results showed that growth rate, metamorphosis index, and survival of larvae were best in treatments of 50 and 100 larvae/L and statistically significantly different (p

The study aimed to determine ammonia and nitrite excretion levels of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in environments with different salinities. The experiments were arranged with 5 treatments (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25‰), 3 replications for each. Water with different salinities was mixed from concentrated seawater and tap water. The experiments were carried out in glass tanks containing 25 liters of water with a density of 10 shrimp/tank (1,5 ± 0,13g/shrimp) and 16 shrimp/tank (4,41 ± 0,77g/shrimp). Shrimp were fed ad libitum one hour before the experiment was conducted and not fed during the experiment. Water and blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours to measure TAN (phenate method 4500-NH3 F.) and NO2--N (colorimetric method 4500-NO2- B.) concentration. The results showed that NO2- was one of the excretory products of white-leg shrimp and shrimp excrete NO2- directly into the water environment. On average, shrimp excrete 25.32 mg TAN/g/h and 1.22 mg NO2--N/g/h. The TAN and NO2--N concentrations in the shrimp blood were 0.85 mg/mL and 0.052 mg/mL. Salinity has affected TAN, N-NO2- excrete level and TAN concentration in the shrimp blood, but the effect did not follow a clear pattern. Salinity has not impacted on NO2--N concentration in the shrimp blood.

The study aimed to find out the species composition of harmful algae and their relationship with water quality parameters in striped catfish ponds. A total of 6 fishponds were divided into two groups, each group consisting of 3 ponds. The striped catfish ponds had an average density of 60±10 fish m-2 (group A1) and 81±11 fish m-2 (group A2). The results indicated that the species composition of phytoplankton as well as blue-green algae did not vary significantly between groups A1 (128 species and 17 species) and A2 (127 species and 15 species). The densities of blue-green algae in ponds of group A1 were lower than those of group A2. The algal species composition was not significantly correlated (p>0.05) with water environment parameters, while the density was affected remarkably by temperature and PO43- content. The species composition and abundance of blue-green algae were closely correlated with water environment parameters, including temperature, pH, DO, alkalinity, TSS, PO43-, NO3-, and TP concentrations. The findings of the study were effective in managing algae and maintaining favorable water quality in striped catfish ponds.

In the general education curriculum of Literature (2018), informational texts are a type of text that is highly focused on due to their applicability, popularity and necessary role in life. In addition, teaching informational texts meets the goal of equipping learners with the ability to access, decode, create and apply knowledge from books to solve problems in real life. The cooperative teaching method with many advantages meets the needs of developing the ability to read and understand informational texts of grade 10 students, promoting the central role of learners in the process of solving learning tasks, creating a lively and exciting atmosphere for the classroom; helping students to be proactive, actively cooperate, share with each other to explore and acquire knowledge. Students have the opportunity to share their views and comments with each other, support each other to solve complex problems in the lesson, and from there, develop their' skills in reading and understanding informational texts.

Student engagement is one of the crucial factors in the learning process and in enhancing the quality of teaching. This study evaluates the effectiveness of science comics in enhancing student engagement in learning the “Chemical Reactions” topic within the Grade 8 Science curriculum. This study was conducted with 160 students, divided into a control group and an experimental group. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through pre- and post-experiment surveys and semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that science comics improved students' cognitive and behavioral engagement, while emotional engagement showed no significant change. The findings highlight the potential of science comics in enhancing teaching effectiveness and contributing to the innovation of teaching methods in science education. Furthermore, discussions and suggestions for expanding the application of science comics to other scientific topics and subjects are also presented.

In the context of digital transformation in education, e-learning emerges as an advanced IT solution to support online teaching and learning activities. This study presents the design and implementation of an e-learning system based on the open-source Moodle platform, integrating open educational resources (OER), learning support tools, and flexible assessment features. The system was applied in a high school setting, involving both teachers and students, to evaluate the impact of e-learning on teaching quality, learners’ autonomy, and satisfaction levels. Results indicate that the e-learning system not only provides rich learning resources and supports anytime-anywhere access, but also significantly enhances learners’ engagement, self-directed learning capacity, and teaching effectiveness. The study highlights the potential for widespread application of e-learning in K-12 education, contributing to pedagogical innovation and meeting the demands of digital transformation in modern education.

After escaping the domination of the Northern feudal forces for thousands of years, as soon as we achieved independence, our ancestors created their own written literature. Vietnamese medieval literature is counted from the 10th century to the end of the 19th century. Along with writing, medieval writers were conscious of literary theory. Many issues surrounding the nature of literary works are summarized. Along with that, aspects of composition are also of interest. In addition to the problem of conveying writing experience and the role of inspiration in creativity, our ancestors also discussed a lot about the writer's ability. Accordingly, to be able to compose, one must have natural ability, extensive educational knowledge,  rich living capital, knowledge of how to cultivate morality, and finally, be dedicated and hard-working in art.

This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the perception of the LGBTQ+ community regarding safe sexual relations. Interviews were conducted with 125 respondents from the group of people with "different" sexual orientations in Can Tho City. Five scales with 25 observed variables related to personal, school – friends, family, healthcare facility, and media were used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and linear regression analysis. The research results showed that respondents had a certain awareness and understanding of sexual relations, sexually transmitted diseases, and safety measures. Through Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, the exploratory factor analysis, and the linear regression analysis showed that the initial five independent variables strongly influenced the awareness of the LGBTQ+ community regarding safe sexual relations in the following order: (1) family, (2) school, (3) media, (4) healthcare facility, and (5) personal. Based on these findings, the research proposed several solutions to enhance the awareness of the LGBTQ+ community.

Female poetry is an important piece that forms the appearance of literature in the Mekong Delta. From the beginning of the 21st century to the present, national literature has recognized the contributions of many female writers, including those who were born and raised or are deeply attached to the river delta. Their poetry is both traditional and modern, imbued with the culture of the Mekong Delta, and innovative and daring. The feminine “ego” in female poetry in the Mekong Delta from the perspective of artistic language was studied, which is the “ego” that loves nature and people, the “ego” that is passionate in love between couples and fluttering with very human sexual desires. Through research methods such as statistics - classification, comparison, analysis - synthesis, literary commentary - explanation, the article contributes to revealing the feminine “ego” through characteristic linguistic signals.

“Huong Son linh pha” is a Nom verse narrative about the legend of Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva Dieu Thien, composed by Tran Dien Chi (1858 - 1923) in 1920. Written in the luc bat verse form, consists of 12 chapters. Through this work, the author conveyed profound moral lessons imbued with national identity and Buddhist philosophy, aiming to reinforce spiritual and cultural values in a challenging era. Borrowed Nom characters, constituting 69,9% of the writing system, are prevalent. Notably, Nom characters that borrow non - Han Vietnamese sounds demonstrate diverse usage while adhering to phonological rules. This study, analyzing the structure of these characters, offers a general view of early 20th-century Nom, contributing to literary analysis and providing data for phonological and lexical research. 

Patrick Modiano and Annie Ernaux are two French authors who have won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Both have succeeded in writing about the nature of memory. This article aims to compare the significance of memory as expressed in Les boulevards the ceinture by Patrick Modiano and La Place by Annie Ernaux. By using approaches such as poetics theory, biography and comparison methods, this article concludes that memory in both works serves as a tool to resist the power of marginalized groups. Moreover, memory is also a means of constructing reality and personal identity. Thus, memory not only helps preserve the past but also plays a crucial role in shaping individuals’ awareness of themselves and society.

This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the entrepreneurial intentions of youth in Cu Lao Dung district, Soc Trang province, through a survey of 150 young people. Descriptive statistics and multivariate data analysis methods (Cronbach's Alpha, EFA, and linear regression method) were employed. The results showed that 72% of young people had entrepreneurial intentions, primarily in the fields of online sales, food, and services. Through the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, all initial observed variables of the six scales (except for variable DD5) were found to have high reliability and were used for EFA analysis. After conducting EFA, six factors with 22 observed variables explaining 75.98% of the total variance were extracted. The linear regression model showed that entrepreneurial intentions among the youth were influenced by various factors, including finance, personality traits, subjective norms, entrepreneurial attitude, education, and perceived behavioral control. Among these, finance was identified as the most significant barrier. The study also proposed several solutions to foster entrepreneurial intentions among youth in the future.

Improving soft skills for students is one of the important issues that not only helps students achieve efficiency in studying and practicing but also equips them with the necessary capacities for the future working environment. However, a part of Can Tho University students in general, students of the School of Law in particular, are still not aware of this importance, leading to a lack of proactive attention to cultivating the necessary soft skills. With the method of processing synthetic, statistical and comparative data from collecting information from learning outcomes data related to soft skills of 867 students of the School of Law, and information from the survey results of the School of Law and the Quality Management Center of the employment rate after graduation among 886 students; the article aims to propose some solutions to improve soft skills for students of the School of Law, contributing to the training quality of Law students in the region as well as nationwide.