Sinh trưởng, năng suất và hiệu quả kinh tế của đậu đen xanh lòng (Vigna unguiculata subsp. Cylindrica (L.) Verdc) tại các mức bón phân hữu cơ và mật độ trồng khác nhau
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Abstract
The study was implemented with the aim of finding out application rate for organic fertilizer and planting density on growth, yield and economic efficiency of green kernel black bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica (L.) verdc) on red-brown soil. The experiment was two factors design with 5 doses of organic fertilizer, such as 0 (control), 4, 8, 12, 16 tons/ha and 3 planting densities of 16, 12 and 8 plants/m2, was arranged in a split-plot, with 3 replications, in the spring crop season of 2024 in Vinh Giang commune, Vinh Linh district, Quang Tri province. The study found that the highest growth, yield, and economic efficiency of green kernel black bean were observed with 12 tons/ha of organic fertilizer and a planting density of 16 plants/m2 (P3M1 treatment). In this treatment, the actual yield was 1.26 tons/ha/crop, profit was 29,895,000 VND/ha/crop and Value Cost Ratio (VCR) was 4.35. The research results recommend to apply an organic fertilizer rate of 12 tons/ha and a planting density of 16 plants/m2 for green kernel black bean plants on red-brown soil in the spring crop at Quang Tri province.
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu được thực hiện với mục tiêu tìm ra liều lượng phân hữu cơ và mật độ trồng thích hợp nhất đến sinh trưởng, năng suất và hiệu quả kinh tế đối với cây đậu đen xanh lòng trồng trên đất nâu đỏ. Thí nghiệm được tiến hành với 2 nhân tố, 5 liều lượng phân hữu cơ gồm 0 (đối chứng), 4, 8, 12, 16 tấn/ha và 3 mật độ trồng 16, 12 và 8 cây/m2, được bố trí theo kiểu ô lớn, ô nhỏ (split – plot), với 3 lần nhắc lại, trong vụ Xuân năm 2024 tại xã Vĩnh Giang, huyện Vĩnh Linh, tỉnh Quảng Trị. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy cây đậu đen xanh lòng sinh trưởng tốt, cho năng suất và hiệu quả kinh tế cao nhất tại mức bón phân hữu cơ là 12 tấn/ha và mật độ trồng là 16 cây/m2 (công thức P3M1). Tại mức công thức này, năng suất thực thu đạt 1,26 tấn/ha/vụ, lợi nhuận đạt 29.895.000 đồng/ha/vụ và tỷ suất lợi nhuận (VCR-Value Cost Ratio) là 4,35. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu, mức bón phân hữu cơ được đề xuất sử dụng là 12 tấn/ha và mật độ trồng là 16 cây/m2 cho cây đậu đen xanh lòng trên đất nâu đỏ trong vụ Xuân tại tỉnh Quảng Trị.
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