This study aimed to evaluate the ability to load polyphenol compounds from the flower extract of Wedelia trilobata L. (WT) into silk fibroin microparticles, and investigate the antioxidant activity of the products, using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The WT extract was loaded into the microparticles by co-condensation method. The extract loaded fibroin microparticles possessed an average size of 7.11 µm, a high entrapment efficiency (74.10%), and an ability to control the drug release rate in the buffer pH 7.4. Moreover, the WT extract had a very high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 8.67 µg/mL) and the extract loaded microparticles also retained their antioxidant capacity (27.89%, 44.75%, and 52.61%, after 30, 90, and 180 min of incubation, respectively). Due to the ability of microparticles to sustain release the active ingredients into the dispersion medium, their ability to scavenge free radicals was time-dependent. Conclusively, the WT extract loaded fibroin microparticles is a potential application for utilizing in controlled-release formulations.

Vehicle detection in aerial images problem poses multiple challenges and has been of great interest to many in the research community. Objects in aerial images are a lot smaller in size compared to those in images taken from the ground, which is one of the biggest challenges in this problem. With small objects, the differences between regional proposals gravely affect the detection result. In this research, the Double-Head method is evaluated on the AERIAU dataset, an aerial image dataset that utilizes data augmentation techniques. The Double-Head achieved an mAP score of 37.09% on the AERIAU dataset. Compared with the previous method that achieved the highest result on the AERIAU dataset, which wasYOLOv3, Double-Head was surpassed by 2.01%. The Double-Head model achieved remarkably high results in the ‘car’, ‘bus’, and ‘truck’ vehicle classes, from which proposals are made to detect smaller vehicles. This is a premise of future research and a basis for developing smart traffic surveillance systems.

Forecasting temperature and rainfall are issues of concern in the agricultural sector, which could assist farmers in appropriate cropping. Several techniques have previously been proposed for forecasting temperature and precipitation based on statistical analysis, machine learning and deep learning techniques. This work proposed a method of building a model to forecast monthly temperature and precipitation using multivariate long short-term memory (MLSTM) model. The parameters of the model were adjusted to suit the proposed problem. The model was evaluated using RMSE and MAE error measures. Besides, other forecasting models (such as LSTM, MLP, and SVR) were also used to compare the effectiveness of the proposed model. Experimental results on the data set of average monthly temperature and rainfall in Vietnam from 1901 to 2015 showed that the MLSTM model was quite effective with the error RMSE on the temperature set was 1.311 and the MAE was 1.051, respectively on the rainfall data set were 2.299 and 2.450.

Smart agriculture is a research and application trend which is receiving high attention. The development of agriculture, especially rice, is one of the important sector in socio-economic development. Rice is a product with great advantages of the Mekong Delta region, however, the difficulty in rice cultivation is the occurrence of diseases such as rice blast, brown spot, leaf blight and thorny beetle that causes reduction in both yield and quality of rice cultivation. Therefore, the detection of common diseases on rice in order to help farmers to improve productivity is an urgent need. This study proposes a solution to identify diseases on rice leaves by deep learning model. The model has applied transfer learning with Inception V3 deep learning model to classify some common diseases on rice leaves. Experiments on a dataset of 2,500 images showed that the model had an accuracy of 97.4%. This result is very feasible and applicable to predict diseases on rice leaves through photographs, thereby proposing appropriate prevention and treatment solutions to help farmers improving rice productivity.

This research aimed to monitor the variation of land surface temperature (LST) and surface urban heat island (SUHI) in Can Tho city in the period 2014-2020. LST was analyzed using Landsat thermal infrared band, an object-based approach was also used for land cover classification. SUHI intensity was determined as a difference between the LST of the urban areas and the temperature in rural areas. The result of accuracy assessment (T=90%) revealed that the urban areas increased about 1.33% (1,915 ha) and the average of LST rose about 1.25oC in 5 years. SUHI was analyzed in both spatial and temporal extent, the SUHI tended to increase in the period 2014-2020. In 2020, the maximum of SUHI was found at 8.96oC, covering about 87.39 ha while its value was about 6.98oC, about 42.8 ha in 2014. The highest SUHI was distributed mostly in the industrial zone, thermal power station, and high density contruction sites. The SUHI mitigation solutions to protect the urban environment should be integrated into sustainable urban planning and strategies in long term.

Land use/land cover (LULC) maps play an important role in statistics and land use change monitoring and planning. However, previous studies of mapping LULC by remote sensing data have typically relied on optical data, which is easily affected by cloud cover in subtropical locations. To overcome this, this study applied radar (SAR) imagery to generate a LULC map of Ca Mau province, Vietnam. We used multi-temporal SAR imagery to generate a LULC map for the year 2019 based on changes in VH backscatter values (dB) over time and validation data collected from an in-depth field survey. The classification results were able to distinguish the 6 main land use classes of perennial crops, paddy rice, surface water bodies, built-up areas, aquaculture, and forests, with a classification accuracy of 89.4% and the Kappa coefficient of 0.79. The results are a promising step toward using multi-temporal SAR data for monitoring land-use change dynamics and planning support in remote subtropical locations.

Aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) are major components of gasoline, and they have been used widely as solvents for industrial products. BTX are also considered as the commonly detected contaminants in surface water and ground water. Rhodococcus sp. XL6.2 isolated from a wastewater treatment system was able to effectively degrade xylene. The results showed that Rhodococcus sp.  XL6.2 also degraded benzene, toluene and the mixture of BTX at different substrate concentrations. The optimal conditions for growth of Rhodococcus sp. XL6.2 and its degradation of BTX in mineral salt medium were at pH ranging from 7 to 8 when being aerated and supplemented with 0.1% (v/v) BTX.

Benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) are the main components of gasoline and have been extensively used as solvents for industrial activities. Due to their water solubility, BTX are commonly detected pollutants in water. Rhodococcus sp. XL6.2 capable of effectively degrading BTX was isolated from a laboratory wastewater treatment system. The aim of this study was to  select suitable carrier material for the storage of Rhodococcus sp. XL6.2 that can be applied for producing bioformulation to remove BTX in wastewater. Six carrier materials including bagasse, sawdust, rice bran, rice straw, talc powder and coffee grounds were used singly or jointly to form 11 carriers for storing strain XL6.2. Data obtained from plate count and GC-FID analysis indicated that talc powder was able to maintain the viability (>106 CFU/g) and BTX degradability (>92%) of Rhodococcus sp. XL6.2 during 6 months of storage. In comparison to the control treatment, the supplementation of vitamin B12 to bacterial suspension played a role in maintaining higher cell viability in the tested bioformulation.

The present study was carried out on 9 flocks of noi Ben Tre chickens (tên khoa học) 1 - 13 weeks old, raised under the semi-grazing model at 9 farms in Ben Tre province. Chicken flocks were divided into 3 groups according to size corresponding to 3 treatments (NT1: 1,000-1,200 birds, NT2: 1,200-1,500 birds, NT3: 1,500-1,800 birds). The study results showed that statistically significant differences (P

Production of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) from seafood by-products by using different proteases was studying to produce add-value products. This research evaluated the effects of enzyme concentration and hydrolysis time of (i) alcalase (ii) protamex; and (iii) alkaline on amino acid content (Naa), protein recovery (PR) and degree of hydrolysis (DH) of FPH from snakehead head. The results showed that FPH had high Naa, PR and DH of 12.7 g/L, 49.1% and 40.5%, respectively when fish head was hydrolysed with 0.8% alcalase for 30 hours. FHP had high Naa, PR and DH of 12.5 g/L, 48.5% and 33.8%, respectively using 1.2% protamex for 24 hours. FHP had high Naa, PR and DH of 13.4 g/L, 47.2% and 36.9%, respectively applying 1.2% alkaline for 30 hours. For above results demonstrated that snakehead head was hydrolysed by using 0.8% alcalase for 30 hours to obtain high quality FPH and reduce cost.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of freshly mixed organic fertilizer from Azolla (Azolla carolinian) and other organic materials on soil biological and chemical characteristics, growth, and yield of rice on salt-affected soil under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with eight treatments and three replicates. The results indicated that Azolla and other organic materials had diversity in contents of macronutrients and micronutrients, and met the standard requirements for organic fertilizer products. The freshly mixed organic fertilizer compound had outstanding properties including C/N ratio of 11.88, nitrogen content of 2.58%, high content of total organic matter of 55.17%, and high macronutrients and micronutrients. The number of harmful bacteria was under threshold limit to meet the criteria of the organic fertilizer. Using a freshly mixed organic fertilizer alone or in combination with lactic acid bacteria application effectively improved the characteristics of salt-affected soil, especially considerably increased growth and yield of rice.

This study was conducted to determine the concentration and spraying time of paclobutrazol for the best growth and high essential oil content of vicks plant (Plectranthus hadiensis var. tomentosus). Two-factorial experiment was arranged using completely randomized design (CRD) with 12 triplicated treatments. The first-factor consisted of 4 concentrations of paclobutrazol (0 as control, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) and the second-factor included 3 spraying times of paclobutrazol (20, 35 and 50 days after plantation). The results showed that vicks plant sprayed paclobutrazol at a concentration of 50 ppm at the time of 35 days after planting gave the best of plant height (9.24 cm), number of leaves (114 leaves/plant), stem diameter (4.06 mm), canopy diameter (10.67 cm), leaf length and width (26.7 mm and 20.60 mm, respectively), chlorophyll index (28.20 CCI). The essential oil content of vicks plant was not affected by concentrations and spraying times of paclobutrazol.

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of vine pruning and drought stress treatments on the number of tuberous roots, total yield, and quality of purple sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (Lam.) L.). Experiments were conducted using randomized complete block design (RCBD), one factor, with 5 treatments including well-irrigated (control), vine pruning (at 35 days after planting), droughted for 3 days, 5 days, and 10 days (after planting 30 days) with seven replications for each treatment. The results showed that the treatments of pruning vines, droughted for 3 days, 5 days, and 10 days had significantly improved some growth parameters and the number of commercial tuberous roots (>9 roots/pot), commercial yield, and total yield (>900 g/pot). The treatment of vine pruning at 35 days after planting or applying drought for 3 days produced a higher total number of tubers roots (>16 roots/pot) than the control treatment. The highest content of anthocyanin (79,9 mg/ 100 g fresh weight) and total sugar (47,5 mg/g fresh weight) was observed at the application of drought stress for 3 days. Therefore, vine pruning at 35 days after planting or applying drought for 3 days is the best for enhancing the tuberous yield.

Hybridization and grafting in plants are methods to improve varieties. Reciprocal grafting treatments were carried out on chili (Capsicum spp.) between Hiem_Sung and Ca_Hiem at different ages and length of rootstock. The results showed that there was a change in the color of scion in Sung_Hiem, Hiem_Sung and Ca_Hiem. For fruit, the treatments for grafting of Sung_Hiem at the age of 50-20, 60-20, and 60-25, rootstock-influenced scion by increasing number of fruits. Analysis of gene sequence  “CaOvate” related to fruit shape and some agronomic traits of scion showed that scion is similar to variety used for scion, this showed that rootstock does not influence agronomic traits of scion at this gene region.

This study is aimed to investigate and determine the optimal input factors which affect crop productivity and minimize total production costs of Nam Roi pomelo cultivation. Ordinary least square (OLS), a statistical method for estimating coefficients of linear regression was used to find out statistically significant factors based on quantitative approach of F-test and multiple linear regression. Lagrange multiplier theorem was applied to verify the minimum of production cost function at optimal points under conditional restrictions. The research was conducted on pomelo farming in Binh Minh town, Vinh Long province. Data were collected from small-scale pomelo farmers by in-person surveys. The results obtained from OLS technique were eventually compared to the outcomes of arithmetic mean approximation (AMA) aiming to provide a basis for farmers in adjusting the use of inputs.

This study was conducted in Dong Nai province's Tan Phu broadleaved evergreen forest, aiming to understand better the ecological characteristics of Shorea roxburghii - an IUCN's Red List plant. For data collection, a 2 ha-standard square (100×200 m) was established in the stand where S. roxburghii is distributed. Relative density, relative basal area, and importance value index were determined for each species; all individual trees of the standard square were also divided by life-history stages (juvenile, sub-adult, and adult). The collected data were analyzed by using R v4.1.1 software. A total of 100 species belonging to 49 families were identified. The highest was the relative density, basal area, and importance value index of S. roxburghii; however, its breast height diameter was only average compared to the main 16 species in the standard square. The spatial pattern of S. roxburghii was aggregation at the juvenile tree stage and randomness at the sub-adult and adult tree stages. In the spatial association patterns of S. roxburghii and the main 16 species of the standard square, S. roxburghii had an attraction pattern with five species, a repulsion pattern with four species, and an independent pattern with seven other species.

This study was carried out from November. 2019 to February. 2020 to find out the correlation of the shading levels and soil nutrient content on yield of cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao L.) intercropping in coconut orchards. The study was conducted by interviewing 15 farmers who grew cocoa intercropping with coconut at different levels of light i.e., 60-70%, 70-80%, and 80-90%. The results showed that average ratio of light that cocoa received was 74%, pH was appropriate (5.5); the ratio of organic matter was medium (4.6%), available contents of nitrogen was high (141.6 mg/kg of soil), phosphorus was optimal (26.1 mg P/100 g soil), while potassium was low (0.27 meq/100 g of soil). There was a positive correlation between the ratio of light level cocoa trees received (r = 0.606*), available N (r = 0.531*), exchangeable potassium (r = 0.517*) and CEC (r = 0.514*). To improve cocoa yield intercropping in the coconut orchards, it needs to improve  value of soil solution combining with proper pruning for cocoa trees received light level over 80% and applying adequate nitrogen for cocoa trees.

Study on the utilization of Artemia (Artemia franciscana) biomass in combination with dried vegetables to produce rice-seasoning or furikake product was conducted through three experiments: (i) effect of drying condition on the quality of dried Artemia, seaweed, and carrots; (ii) influence of the spice mixture ratio on the sensory quality of rice-seasoning product; and (iii) observation of the moisture content and microorganism changes of furikake product during storage at room temperature. The results showed that the dried Artemia at 60℃ for 6 hours had the moisture content of 6.08% and the yield of 17.9%. The drying times for seaweed and carrots with high properties were 7 hours and 2 days, respectively. Sensory score, moisture, protein, lipid, and mineral contents of rice-seasoning products were 18.0 scores, 5.86%, respectively; 21.9%; 15.6%, and 11.0% respectively with the mixed ratio of sugar to salt was 5%:5%. The rice-seasoning product still maintained qualities and ensured food safety after 4 weeks of storage at room temperature.

The study was conducted to determine the optimal concentration of Bacillus CM3.1 on water quality and growth of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The study was designed in two trials. Trial 1 evaluated the decomposition of the organic matter in shrimp pond effluent by using Bacillus CM3.1 at different doses (102, 103, 104, 105 and 106 CFU/mL) during 48 h. Trial 2 assessed the effects of Bacillus CM3.1 on water quality and growth of whiteleg shrimp. Shrimp were randomly distributed in 500L composite tanks with a density of 100 individuals/tank. The tanks were designed with 4 treatments including (i) control (without bacteria) and groups added Bacillus CM3.1 into rearing water to reach final doses of (ii) 102, (iii) 103, and (iv) 104 CFU/mL. Each group was set in 3 replicates and lasted in 60 days. The results showed that addition of Bacillus at different doses accelerated organic decomposition of shrimp effluent resulting in an increasing concentration of TAN, and simultaneously a significant decrease in COD, TSS and OSS concentration after 48h. Administration of Bacillus CM3.1 into rearing water at a dose of 104 CFU/mL improved significantly water quality parameters such as TAN, N-NO2-, BOD5, COD and total Bacillus count. A significant decrease in total Vibrio count was recorded in groups added bacteria. Growth performance parameters of shrimp including specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate and biomass significantly increased in all groups added Bacillus, especially at a dose of 104 CFU/mL.

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of  Bacillus strain CM3.1 and  Lactobacillus strain TV3.2 on water quality and growth performance of  striped catfish  Pangasianodon hypophthamus. The trial consisted of 12 composite tanks containing 400 L of freshwater. Fish (initial weight of 0.46±0.01 g) were stocked at a density of 150 fish per tank and monitored for 30 days. The study was designed in four treatments, each in three replicates: (1) control (without bacteria); (2) oral administration of Lactobacillus TV3.2; (3)  administration of Bacillus CM3.1 in the rearing water, and (4) combination between group (2) and (3). The results showed that an increasing concentration of TAN in bacteria-administrated groups was recorded, whereas N-NO2- và COD concentration decreased significantly in these groups compared to in control group. Growth performance parameters including weight gain, daily weight gain, specific growth rate, biomass and survival rate were considerably improved in fish administrated with Bacillus CM3.1 and Lactobacillus TV3.2, especially in combination group. Hence, Bacillus CM3.1 and Lactobacillus TV3.2 have a great potential as probiotic using in intensive catfish farming.

The experiment on clown knifefish (Chitala chitala) culture using formulated feeds was conducted in nine 20 m2 hapas. Fish were fed formulated feeds at four levels of crude protein (42.5%, 38.6%, 33.6%, and 33.2%) at the same lipid level of 9% for four different stages of fish during the culture periods (238 days) and fish in the control treatment were fed trash fish. Each treatment was replicated three times. The survival rate, final mean weight, growth rate, and yield in the treatment using formulated feeds were not significantly different compared to those of the treatment using trash fish (p>0.05). However, the chewiness of fish muscles in the formulated feed treatment (865 g force) was higher than that in the trash fish treatment (671 g force). The feed cost per kg wet weight gain of fish from the formulated feed treatment (27,500 VND)  was lower than in the control treatment (33,900 VND). Clown knife fish culture by formulated feeds for four stages meeting their nutritional requirements was highly effective compared with feeding trash fish in terms of feeding cost.

This study analyzes the theoretical basis on smart teaching as well as assessing on the current situation of employing smart teaching for the Geography Pedagogy students at Can Tho University. The data in the study was collected and processed through a mixed method including studying document, carrying out survey, conducting in-depth interview,... both students and lecturers. This research results showed that both lecturers and students had quite good awareness of smart teaching. In addition, smart teaching methods as well as assessment ways are being applied quite diversely and effectively. However, in order to enhance the effectiveness of smart teaching, it is necessary to improve both teachers and learners' understanding of smart teaching as well as provide more intelligent platforms.

Project-based learning is one of the effective teaching methods encouraged by the Ministry of Education and Training to reach the goal of developing learners' capacity. The Physics Teacher Team of Khanh An High School has implemented a project in which students create video clips for learning Physics in the first semester of the school year 2021-2022 for grades 10 and 11 with 182 students within 3 months. The research aims to exam the effectiveness of the above learning project in order to check and confirm the effectiveness of the project for learners as well as the limitations that need to be overcome from the perspective of teachers as well as of the students involved. The obtained product is 142 video clips that have been created by students and posted on personal Youtube pages. The opinions of 132 students participating in the survey about the effectiveness of the implementation method and what students achieved through the project implementation are also presented in this study.

By the use of cultural approaches to study selected art spaces in Phi Van's works, this article aimed to highlight the characteristics and cultural values of some familiar spaces in the South and to recognize Phi Van's significant contributions to the development of Southern literature. In addition, the article also  contributes informationmaterial for studies in Phi Van's works from a cultural perspective.

This research aims to analyze the impacts of digitalization on the global value chains participation of Vietnam manufacturing firms. The data of this study were extracted from Annual Enterprises Survey (AES) and Technology and Competitiveness Survey (TCS) collected annually of manufacturing firms from 2012 to 2018 by General Statistics Office.  The results indicated that digitalization enhanced the participation in global value chains of manufacturing firms in Vietnam. Furthermore, compared to their counterparts in high-tech industries, firms that operate in low-tech industries tend to better leverage digitalization to integrate themselves into global value chains.

This study aimed to clarify the relationships between the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR), employee satisfaction and loyalty. The quantitative research method was applied with 350 structured questionnaires answered by employees working at 07 typical large enterprises in different business fields in Ho Chi Minh City. The hypothesis testing, scale and research model were performed using SmartPLS software and PLS–SEM technique. The results showed that there were 03 CSR activities that directly and indirectly affect employee loyalty such as environmental CSE, economic CSR, and philanthropic CSR. Through the research findings, suggestions for management and policies are recommended to promote the implementation of social responsibility of enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City.

This research examines expanding competitive advantage through organizational culture, supply chain collaboration and knowledge sharing based on the Resource Based Theory (RBT),. Organizational culture concentrates on collectivism, long term orientation, balance of power; Supply chain collaboration concentrates on approached in terms of ensuring no interruption; Share new knowledge through collaboration. By surveying 269 leaders, managers and employees working at pharmaceutical company in Ho Chi Minh City, the study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze data and test research hypotheses. The results showed that the antecedent role of organizational culture in nurturing, promoting supply chain cooperation and knowledge sharing. Besides, organizational culture, supply chain cooperation and knowledge sharing are the factors affecting the expanding competitive advantage of pharmaceutical company.

The study is conducted to determine the impact of the components of brand equity on the purchasing decision for Vietnamese brand retail supermarket in Mekong River Delta. the theoretical model of brand equity affecting consumer’s purchasing decision is built based on the brand equity model of Aaker (1991) including brand awareness, brand associations, brand loyalty, perceived quality, other proprietary brand assets. Research results from the survey of 504 consumers in the Mekong River Delta by the quota sampling method show that all five components of brand equity have positive impact on consumer’s purchasing decision for Vietnamese brand retail supermarket in Mekong River Delta. in particular, brand awareness is the factor that has the strongest impact on the purchasing decision. The results provide deeply understanding of the components of brand equity that impact on purchasing decision, these may support Vietnamese brand retail supermarket managers to prepare properly strategy on brand equity investment for increasing purchasing decision.

Educational expenditure and its components are essential indicators of the household and society. The 2020 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey data set, including 5491 pupils studying at all levels of education and the demographic characteristics of their households was used in this study. The cost for a school year and the proportion of each share increases as the education level increases. Tuition is a relatively small expense compared to many other expenses such as extra classes, donations, and textbooks. Using compositional data analysis (CODA), the result showed that household income, type of school, living area, and regions statistically significant impact on the expenditure structure. In particular, the gender of learners does not affect education spending. The research results provide evidence of investment in education for the government and households and suggest policy implications for increasing investment efficiency in the general education system.