In this study, the kaffir lime essential oil was distilled by steam distillation and used for preparation of antibacterial liquid soap. Optimal conditions for extraction were pureed shell, shell:water ratio (g/mL) 1:2 in 150 minutes, extraction temperature of 100°C, and extraction efficiency achieved 1.85%. The results showed that the main components of kaffir lime essential oil presented by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) method included 30,42% β-pinene, 18,09% sabinene, 17,56% limonene and 10,77% β-citronellal. The antibacterial activity of essential oil was shown on 6 strains of bacterial, namely Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Psedomomas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Samonella typhi and Listeria innocua. The ingredients of mixing antibacterial soap included coconut oil, sunflower oil, 25% KOH solution, kaffir lime essential oil, citric acid and vitamin E. The soap was formed as a viscous liquid, with a pleasant aroma characteristic of kaffir lime, and was able to resist all above 6 strains of bacterial.

This paper presents a mechanic design of 2-DOF SCARA robot arm which is controlled to support for post-stroke patients by using physical therapy exercises. Fuzzy and PID algorithms have been utilized to control the robot arm by learning and repeating therapist’s movements. Loadcell in the design is utilized to measure the movement force of therapist’s arm. The algorithms were built based on MATLAB SIMULINK and connected to Arduino kit to control the robot arm. The orbital synchronization between the learning signal and repetition signal is approximately 79.85% for axis 1 and 76.95% for axis 2. The results of this study are the initial research for the robot arm with more degrees of freedom for patient supports in physiotherapy activities effectively.

The Beam and Ball system is an unstable object that is often used to test several control algorithms. Due to the fast movement of the ball on the beam, when the sensor measures the ball position and transmits that data to the computer, the ball has moved to a new position that affects to the control quality. This study focuses on design and implementation of a real model of the beam and ball system, positioning the ball by ultrasonic and infrared sensors. Functions of positioning errors are identified and applied to compensate the sensor errors and the delay time of data transmission. An Arduino UNO R3 module is used to transmit the control signal from the computer to the driver of servo motor, and receive the measured position signal from the sensor to feed back to the control system. Experiments with RBF-PID controller and infrared sensor show that the rise time of the system archives 1.5 ± 0.3 seconds, the setting time is about 6 ± 1 seconds, the overshoot is about 11 ± 2%, and the steady-state error is eliminated.

Modeling is one of the key techniques in studying the dynamics of changing land use purpose. This study aimed to predict land-use change by applying the integration of Markov chain and logistic regression in Lam Ha district, Lam Dong province. The current land-use maps in 2010 and 2015 are used as the base maps for the land use simulation in 2020. After the model has been verified and validated by comparing the simulation map and the actual map in 2020 using the Kappa coefficient, the land-use prediction maps in 2025 and 2030 are generated. The forecast results in 2030 showed that Lam Ha district has a significant change in land use. The forecast of forest land in this area continues to sharply decline due to the expansion of residential areas and infrastructure. Information on land use changes is the foundation for planning local land-use policies to ensure sustainable development goals.

Due to the increasing popularity and lack of security standards, Internet of Things (IoT) devices have become the targets of malicious activities such as intrusions and DoS attacks. With the aim of providing a solution for securing such devices, this paper introduces a two-tier intrusion detection system that applies machine learning models. The first tier of the proposed solution is a lightweight binary model, implemented in a gateway of an IoT network to detect intrusions and attacks in real-time. The second tier is a complicated multi-class classification model, located on a remote cloud server, to classify malicious activities and detect intrusions and attacks which occur on multi-networks. The experimental results display that the proposed solution can detect malicious activities using modified parameters more efficiently than Snort, which is a traditional signature-based IDS.

The study focused on synthesizing lignin microparticles from sugarcane bagasse lignin via chemical crosslinking with the supporting of probe-type sonication. During the synthesis process, the study gradually controlled the size of lignin particles by adjusting parameters such as the volume ratio between the crosslinking solution and the lignin solution in ethanol and the sonication frequency. Specifically, the optimal parameters such as the volume ratio between citric acid and lignin solution is 4/100 and the sonication frequency is 15 kHz. With these parameters, lignin nanoparticles were obtained with the smallest particle diameter at 187.9 ± 6.7 nm, complete spherical morphology, clear grain boundaries, and relatively uniform particle size distribution. The results from the FTIR exhibit the characteristic peaks of the synthetic lignin and the purity is quite high. In addition, the glass transition temperature of the lignin partilces is ~109oC and the melting point is determined to be ~75oC through the DSC.

The study evaluated the legal framework for managing surface water resources in Soc Trang province under saline intrusion conditions using the Principle 7 of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development framework. In the period from 2019 to 2021, secondary data including state management documentation on the prevention and management of seawater intrusion were collected through central, provincial, and district government portals, while primary data was obtained through the key informant panel (KIP) on state management of water resources in Soc Trang province and Ke Sach, Long Phu, and Tran De districts. The existing legal framework governs the administration of seawater intrusion prevention and management, which comprises regulations, duties, and powers for the government, ministries, and local governments. In addition, the central and provincial governments actively and comprehensively implemented solutions to deal with saline intrusion in the period of 2019-2021. However, the local procedure for preventing and managing saline intrusion in Soc Trang is still restricted, such as solutions does not guarantee feasibility in comparison to the up-to-date situation of seawater intrusion in the locality.

The study presents the fabrication process of eco-friendly masks from banana fibers and evaluates the UV-resistance of the masks through investigating the influencing factors. The cross-sectional and surface structures of banana fibers were observed through scanning electron microscopy. The influencing factors (including pressing temperature, pressing time) for mask processing were investigated. To improve the UV-resistance of the mask, a lignin salt was added or increased the fiber mat thickness. Banana-fiber masks have been processed successfully with a maximum UV-resistant capacity of 50.88% in processing conditions such as mat sheet pressing temperature 130ºC, pressing time 20 minutes, volume of lignin salt 30 mL, thickness of the mat sheet 3 mm. Moreover, the successful processing of masks from banana fibers that are resistant to UV radiation is a premise for further studies on eco-friendly masks.

This study is to evaluate the removal ability of methylene blue  dyes in water by utilizing adsorbent derived from coir pith with the modified Hummers method. The effective parameters of the synthesized process were investigated to find the optimum conditions. The chemical and physical properties of the adsorbent were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, the specific surface area Brunauer–Emmett–Teller technique. The specific surface area of the adsorbent was 9.3 m2/g and its porous diameter was 6.96 nm. Adsorption yield of 99.82± 0.10% at MB initial concentration of 500 mg/L, pH 8, and temperature of 30 with contact time of 40 min proved the highly efficient adsorption ability of the adsorbent. The adsorption was well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model at concentration of 10-50 mg/L while the Freundlich isotherm model was good at concentration of 50-500 mg/L.

In this study, Drosophila melanogaster was used to evaluate the toxicity of ethanol extract from lantana (Lantana camara L.). Preliminary chemical composition screening determined the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and steroids-triterpenoids in the plant extract. The amount of polyphenols and flavonoids were determined with the values of 123±2.30 mg GAE/g extract and 309±2.17 mg QE/g extract, respectively. Lantana extract has the potential of causing toxicity on Drosophila melanogaster at different concentrations. At 250 mg/mL concentration, the mortality rate of Drosophila melanogaster was the highest at 84.4±8.39%, and the LD50 value was determined 140 mg/mL. At concentration of 20 mg/mL the effects of lantana extract on the growth and development of fruit flies was demonstrated through a lower total number of formed pupae compared with the control treatment, the mortality rate of 55.9±2.09% at the pupal stage as well as the decrease in the ability to store energy components including carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. In addition, the study also noted that lantana extract could inhibit the activity of enzymes belonging to the esterase and phosphatase groups. It is concluded that lantana is a capable plant of synthesizing secondary compounds which are toxic to fruit flies.

In this work, MgAl2O4: Cr3+, Na+ phosphor has been studied and prepared by co-precipitation method. The phase structure, morphology, composition, and luminescent performance of the phosphor were investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and steady-state photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The MgAl2O4:Cr3+, Na+ phosphor emits a deep red light that peaked at 689 nm phase when doped with 2.5% mole Cr3+ concentration and 5% mole Na+. This investigation also showed the efficiency of co-doping Cr3+ and Na+ to which increase luminescence intensity. The PLE spectrum shows that phosphor strongly absorbs the near-ultraviolet wavelength to the visible light band with two peaks at 420 nm and 550 nm. Thus, MgAl2O4: Cr3+, Na+ phosphor may be a good deep red-emitting phosphor for solid-state lighting applications.

Trichanthera gigantea is a plant with many nutritional values. This species is added to the feed of livestock and poultry. This study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial effects of T. gigantea leaves. Phytochemical screening was done using previously described methods, the antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH free radical scavenging method while the antibacterial activity was evaluated by the agar well diffusion method. Preliminary phytochemical screening identified 18 chemical compounds in Trichanthera gigantea leaves including amino acids - proteins, organic acids, betalains, carbohydrates, carotenoids, mucilages, coumarins, diterpenes, flavonoids, gum - resins, phenols, phlobatannin, phytosterol, polyuronide, saponin, tannin, essential oil and xanthoprotein. Trichanthera gigantea grown under sunny conditions had higher antioxidant activity than those under submerged and shaded conditions with EC50 values of 40.92±1.86, 265.73±19.49 and 294.36±19.55 µg/mL, respectively. Trichanthera gigantea leaf extract was effective against all three strains of bacteria, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, but not effective against Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. These preliminary results showed great potentials of T. gigantea leaves in increasing animals' nutritional value and resistance when they are added to the diet.

This study was conducted at the wetland habitat of Cu Lao Dung district in 2 years (2018-2020) with the aim of assessing biodiversity and environmental impacts on aquatic plants. This wetland habitat was divided into 3 areas including freshwater, brackish water and saltwater with 18 transects and 28 standard units. The results of species composition diversity obtained 58 species of 49 genera, 30 families, 2 phyla (Pteridophyta and Magnoliophyta). In the Magnoliophyta phylum, the ratio of the two classes Magnoliopsida and Liliopsida (M/L) was 0.65. The aquatic plants in the study area have the following characteristics: (1) at the level of family taxonomy, the proportion of monotypic families was very high (73.33%); (2) the number of species in freshwater habitats was highest; (3) the percentage of species with medicinal use is 84.48%; (4) Nypa fruticans occurred in all habitats with the highest frequency; (5) the A/F ratios of the species in the three habitats were mostly in Contagious distribution; (6) the Shannon diversity index (H) in freshwater, brackish water, and saltwater was 5: 3,72 : 3,01 respectively. Biodiversity indexes showed that the environment is stable and suitable for tropical aquatic plants.

The density functional theory calculations are employed to elucidate the adsorption behaviours of mercaptopurine (MP) and thioguanine (TG) drugs on the gold surface, using Au6 cluster as a model reactant. The PBE functional in combination with the effective core potential cc-pVTZ-PP basis set for gold atoms and cc-pVTZ basis set for nonmetals are used to investigated geometric structures, thermodynamic parameters and electronic properties of the obtained complexes. The IEF-PCM model with water solvent is applied to include the effect of biological environment on the interactions. The computed results show that the binding is dominated by a covelent bond Au−S and in part by electrostatic effects, namely a hydrogen bond contribution NH∙∙∙Au. In addition, the drug binding to gold clusters is a reversible process and a drug release mechanism was also clarified. Accordingly, the drugs are willing to separate from the gold surface due to either a slight change of pH in tumor cells or the presence of cysteine residues in protein matrices. In particular, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) phenomenon of these molecules adsorbed on the Au surfaces are also elucidated.

Pluchea indica and Pluchea pteropoda are two species of the same genus. Several studies about P. indica species showed that it is a valuable source of medicinal herbs. In the Mekong Delta, P. pteropoda has commonly distributed in mangrove areas, and it is often confused with P. indica. This study was conducted to distinguish and compare the medicinal potential of P. indica (collected in fresh water areas) and P. pteropoda (collected in salinity areas) through observation of morphological characteristics and anatomical structures as well as evaluation of antibacterial activity. DNA sequence at the ITS region were identified for genetic taxonomy. The morphological characteristics of leaves were described and compared. Samples of stems and leaves were thinly sliced and double stained to observe the anatomical structure. Investigation of antibacterial ability was conducted by agar disk diffusion method with two extracts (water and ethanol) extract in six common bacterial strains. The results show that the ITS sequence regions of the two species differed only at position 76 out of 468 nucleotides compared. It is possible to distinguish the two species by leaf morphology and size. The anatomical structure of P. pteropoda shows adaptation to saline environment. The aqueous extract of P. indica has the best antibacterial ability. The aqueous extract or ethanol extract of P. pteropoda were also resistant to some strains of bacteria studied.

This study is aimed at isolating and identificating some nitrogen fixing bacteria from the rhizosphere of maize roots. Soil samples of vegetative maize plants from the Mekong delta were collected. Nfb N-free, LGI and Burks N-free  media were used for the isolation and evaluation bacteria which could synthesize NH4+. From rhizopheric soil of maize collected from several provinces in the Mekong Delta, 120 nitrogen fixing bacteria were isolated. Fifty bacterial strains which grew well in 3 types N-free media after 72hours of incubation at 30oC were chosen for further studies. These bacteria could synthesize NH4+ well in liquid medium after 72 hours. These fifty bacterial strains synthesized NH4+ in liquid medium at days 2 , 4 and 6 after inoculation with an average ranging from 0.82 mg/L to 4.28 mg/L.  Six bacterial strains, which had the best at nitrogen fixing, were sequenced based on 16S rRNA. They belonged to three different genera, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella.

Emperor mushroom, Calocybe indica (C. indica) APK2 is an edible mushroom with a sweet taste and a characteristic aroma that is popular with people. The cultivation procedure of C. indica on substrates under in vitro condition has been carried out successfully. The results showed that PDA with mineral supplement (PDA+MS) was suitable for fast growing mycelium after 20 days for fully spreading of mycelia, fine, thick mycelia. The culture medium for spores and corn grains had the highest rate of spreading after 20 days of culture. Growing media of fruiting bodies, sawdust treatment (70%) + rice bran meal (16%) + rice straw (14%) (MH2) achieved fastest spreading speed at 28 days after inoculation and fruiting bodies yield was 16.35 kg/m2. This technique can be applied to industrial-scale production of Emperor mushrooms to meet the current market demand for edible mushrooms.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of two nitrogen-fixing bacteria strains on the growth and the yield of hybrid maize NK7328. Two nitrogen-fixing bacteria strains isolated from maize roots were cultured and inoculated into peat to produce VK1 and VK2 preparations. An experiment with 15 treatments arranged in a completely randomized design in the net house and 20 treatments arranged in a randomized completely block design in a field. Treatments were arranged with the percentage of nitrogen increasing from 0% N, 25% N, 50% N, 75% N, 100% N. Bacterial strains were applied together with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers based on the recommended formula 180 kg N+135 kg P2O5+90 kg K2O/ha. The results showed that inoculation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria combined with 75% NPK fertilizer  increased the plant height, stems diameter,  index of leaf chlorophyll, number of leaves, dry matter weight, 1000 seeds weight and high yield compared to uninoculated maize and applied 100% NPK. Thus, the introduction of nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bacillus aryabhattai ADR3 and Klebsiella pneumoniae DNR5 into maize kernels saves up to 25% of the nitrogen fertilizer for hybrid maize.

This study was conducted to determine the optimal time for sourdough propagation from fermented pineapple juice as well as the optimal parameters of a breadmaking process from the resulted sourdough. Research contents included: (i) determining the optimal sourdough propagation time which was the time for mixing flour with fermented pineapple juice (5, 6 and 7 days); (ii) determining the optimal levain ratio (10%, 20% and 30%) and the first bread dough incubation time (1, 2 and 3 hours); and (iii) determining the optimal bread baking temperature (220oC, 230oC, 240oC). The results showed that the highest quality of bread was obtained by using the 6-day developed sourdough, the levain ratio of 20%, the first incubation time of 2 hours, and the baking temperature of 230oC.

The survey was conducted in Chau Thanh, Go Quao and An Minh Districts from March to April 2018 and the experiment of selected traditional rice varieties was carried out in Minh Luong Town, Chau Thanh District, Kien Giang Province from July 2018 to February 2019. The experiment was arranged in the randomized complete block design, 3 replications. Five treatments were five traditional rice varieties such as Tai Nguyen, Ba Bui, Mot Bui, Trang Tep, and Chim Roi. The survey results showed that the traditional rice production areas per household in the survey areas were rather large. The education level of the farmers was low. Farmers in the survey areas mainly used some local traditional rice varieties for cultivation, and often used commercial rice grain for seedstocks, in which Tai Nguyen and Trang Tep varieties were commonly cultivated. The planting density was high compared to the recommendation. Inorganic fertilizers were applied little. The experiment identified 3 traditional rice varieties such as Tai Nguyen, Trang Tep, and Ba Bui with some good characteristics such as high yield and good grain quality suitable for traditional rice production in Kien Giang Province.

Different novel nematicides, including SalibroTM 500SC (active ingredient Fluazaindolizine; Reklemel™ active), were tested against the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus coffeae) on Robusta coffee under laboratory (aqueous in vitro study) and greenhouse (in vivo pot study) conditions. The in vitro results showed that SalibroTM at 100-200 ppm (a.i) caused quick and strong nematicidal effects of 92 to 95% on P. coffeae already after 12 hours of exposure. The pot trial showed that  a drench application of 40ml SalibroTM at 200 ppm reduced both the soil and  root populations at 60 days after application. SalibroTM at 200 ppm (a.i) and NimitzTM 480EC at 400 ppm showed root-lesion control of 65.6% and 65.2% respectively and following by SalibroTM at 150 ppm (a.i) 64.8% and Tervigo 020SC 1000ppm 62.1%. In the greenhouse pot study SalibroTM at rates between 150-200 ppm (a.i) reduced the presence of yellow leaves and also increased the root fresh weights of Robusta coffee by 30 - 36.7% in comparation with the untreated control. The results showed SalibroTM at 100-200 ppm (a.i) the strong nematicidal and high efficacy on control nematode P. coffeae on coffee compared to other treatments in the green-house trial. It appears Salibro™ may have potential as a tool to manage plant-parasitic nematodes in coffee.

Sustainable agriculture proposed a big challenge on the finding biological treatments to meet the demand of high quality and environmental friendliness. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish an obligate relationship with almost terrestrial plants and traditional rice cultivation, this own significance to horticulture and bioremediation, as well. This review paper on AMF with aim to generlizing current research for exploiting the potential benefits from AMF, in which, supports plants to absorb water and mineral nutrients in the soil and heavy metal is limited, stimulating plant tolerance into abiotic and biotic conditions (high temperature, salinization, drought, sufficient nutrient) as the results of the greater of yield. In conclusion, from beneficial impacts of AMF on plant which give out a new opportunity using AMF as a biofertilizer, which helps to reduce the chemical fertilizer usage in agriculture.

The digestive cell of the gastropoda is the digestive sinuses covered by the epithelial layer, the epithelial layer that will form glandular cells and capillary injection cells, the digestive process consists of extracellular and intracellular digestion that occurs simultaneously mainly in the liver as the main. The digestive system of the gastropoda is complete with a separate mouth and anus, the mouth has radulas and the anus usually pours into the sinuses, the digestive system consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach and hepatopancreatic liver. The gastropoda has enzyme protease, amylase, cellulase, lipase, pepsin and trypsin that work to digest food, for animal-eating snails the digestive enzyme cellulase is very low. Many rodents, mutilating foods such as seaweed, algae and deposited organic humus, others adapt to carnivorous behaviour. The nutritional characteristics of many species of snails belong to the gastropoda class in which mainly the group of sea snails changes with the stages of development. Meanwhile, freshwater snail species have no change in nutritional characteristics from the stage of snails to adult snails.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gluten, soy protein and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on the quality of fish balls from striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) flesh trimmings. There were two main study contents: (1) The effects of adding gluten and soy protein on the quality of fish balls and (2) The assessment of the effect of different concentrations of rosemary extract on properties of fish balls from catfish by-product during chilled storage (3±10C). The results showed that the combination of 0.25% gluten and 0.25% soy protein for fish balls could enhance gel strength, and have more elasticity as well as  better sensory properties. Fish balls with supplement of the high concentration of 156 and 71.5 mg/kg of rosemary extract exhibited the food safety through 9 days of preservation at chilled temperatures (3±10C). In contrast, the sample without adding rosemary extract demonstrated shelf life of  six days in the same storage condition (3±10C).

The effects of CO2 and nitrite on aquatic animals have been documented.   Swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is an air-breathing fish that is commonly farmed in the Mekong Delta of Viet Nam. This species could be affected by high CO2 and nitrite caused by climate change and intensive farming, respectively. The study on the single and combination of hypercapnia and high nitrite on acid-base regulation on swamp eel (250-350 g/eel) was carried out in 4 treatments including 30mmHg CO2, 23.57 mM NO2-, 30mmHg CO2 + 23.57 mM NO2- and a control treatment with 6 replications. After 96 hours of experiment, it showed that the combined penetration of hypercapnia and nitrite prevents the pH blood recovery of swamp eels (decrease of pH blood), the concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl- ions, and osmotic pressure were reduced. However, swamp eels still can regulate acid-base in the blood as well as regulate ions when being penetrated by nitrite due to an indirect Cl- ion-exchange mechanism (reducing Cl- ions through HCO3-/Cl- exchange).

Mangrove-shrimp (MS) is a system that respects to the laws of nature, and suitable in the Mekong Delta. Identifying efficiency and stability of this model is an emerging issue. The study was carried out in Long Vinh commune, Duyen Hai district, Tra Vinh province and Vien An, Vien An Dong and and Rach Goc communes, Ngoc Hien district, Ca Mau province in years 2019-2020 to evaluate efficiency and stability of the MS system. Participatory approach using key informant panel, focus group discussion and interviewing of 200 farmers was undertaken. Study results show that the MS model has advantages such as low initial investments, diversified income sources and environmental sustainability. But, it has low financial efficiencies and stability. The main challenges of the model could be low quality seed sources, diseases, poor farming techniques and infrastructure systems, impacts of climate changes and limited yields.

The conducted research aims to determine the proportion of clown knifefish and surimi gels from striped catfish as well as the appropriate concentration of Gac seed aril extract added to fish balls in cold storage (3±1oC).  The results demonstrated that the combination between 60% of clown knifefish and 40% of striped catfish surimi showed the highest quality of fish balls. The 9-day shelf life period of the fish ball sample without Gac seed aril extract was illustrated. In contrast,  the properties in terms of acceptable sensory and microbiological safety of all samples with extracts could be effectively maintained until 12 days at 3±1oC. Fish ball with Gac seed aril extract of 1.183 mg/mL exhibited the highest values of overall acceptability score and gel strength (15.48 and 577 g*cm, respectively), while the lowest values of Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and total viable count of this fish product was shown (0.138 mg MDA/kg and 4.61 log10CFU/g, respectively) after twelve-day cold storage (3±1℃).

This research was conducted based on the approach to the community's assets and synthesis, analysis of previous research results. The main objective of this research is to ascertain the situation of educational tourism based on the community at Ta Lang and Gian Bi villages in Hoa Bac commune, Hoa Vang district, Da Nang city,  thereby forming a theoretical basis for this type of tourism.  The results of the study pointed out that: Community-based education tourism is composed of  3 main activities: (1) Tourism activities, (2) Learning and experiences activities of learners, (3) Education and training activities in the community. The results of the research will contribute to orientation for Da Nang tourism management agencies in developing community-based education tourism. Whereby,  there are solutions to help improve community capacity, conserve biodiversity, promote local culture, and develop economic-social development in a sustainable way.

Over the last few years, job quitting intention has become an important issue for academics as well as businesses, particularly hotel employee’s job quitting intention. The aim of this study is to investigate hotel employee’s job quitting intention in Phu Quoc, Kien Giang province, in the context of COVID-19. To analyze the collected data, the methods of descriptive statistics, scale reliability, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis were used. The findings reveal two factors influencing hotel employee’s job quitting intention in the context of COVID-19: (1) organisational commitment, and (2) Job satisfaction. Some solutions are proposed to limit future hotel employee’s job quitting intention in Phu Quoc.

The study is aimed at understanding the current situation and determining the factors affecting the decision to convert from chemical pesticides to bio-pesticides of rice farmers in the Mekong Delta. The primary data were collected from the face-to-face interviews of 180 farmers in 3 provinces/cities, including An Giang, Can Tho, and Soc Trang representing 3 typical rice production areas in the region. Descriptive statistics, Likert scale, and Logit model were employed to analyze the data. Results reveal a good signal that more than 60% of surveyed households are willing to convert. The findings clearly show that household‘s head education level and farmers' perception towards bio-pesticides increase the probability of conversion, while the age of the household head reduces this probability. Based on the research results and the SWOT analysis, several solutions and policy implications are proposed to reduce the amount of chemical pesticides and create incentives for farmers to convert to bio-pesticides.