The article presents a method of establishing and optimizing the industrial liquid level control system with fuzzy logic controller.   Based on actual operating characteristics of the system indicate that it has a nonlinearity, strong inertia and high delay within operation, the fuzzy logic controller is designed and modified appropriately to ensure effectiveness of control system. Experiments on industrial liquid level control system model indicate efficiency of fuzzy logic controller, based on the evaluation of quality criteria on rising times, settling times, steady-state errors and minimum power consumption during continuous operation. Besides, the system stability is verified by quick response ability, precision and stability according to reference signal under change of disturbances on the control system.

This paper studies about the structure of RBF neural network, applied to identify and control objects. Selected object is a stirring tank system model, being a non-linearity model in some point of time. The stirring tank system required to reach to the desired temperature in a certain range of time, and to avoid overshooting and steady-state error. To achieve this requirement, an intelligent controller with one neuron PID controlled algorithm has been applied; an object identifier using RBF neural networks, with online training algorithms has also been developed. MATLAB simulation results show that the control system works stably and sustainably under the impact of interference.

The paper is to present the simulation results of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor using transfer matrix method for multilayer films. Surface plasmon resonance can be generated by depositing one layer of metal with thickness of less than 100 nm. The metal, which is Cu, is deposited on the bottom of the prism for sensing surface with the optimal thickness of around 50 nm. An optical sensor based on Cu deposited has the detection capability of about 99,5o/RIU, offering high sensitivity and easy fabrication of optical sensors. Moreover, the SPR sensor can be applied to measure biological elements such as fibrinogen protein, tau-protien concentrations in real-time manner for disease diagnosis. The SPR optical sensor has some advantages such as, small, low cost, easy manufacture and relatively high sensitivity.

Detecting of abnormalities on the low voltage grids was usually provided from users to the center of customer care. Then, this center announces the abnormalities to the repairing team of the management area that causes time consuming and costly. A proposed solution is a monitoring system which proactively detects the abnormalities on the grid and immediately displays alerts with the location of incident to the management computer, and at the same time sends the SMS to the nearest electricity staff point of rescue based on Google Maps..  Such an automatic system is aimed to detect early, reduce the repairing time, and decrease time of power outages, improve the reliability of the power supply and service quality. Experimental results show that the proposed solution is feasible and can be tested in the real conditions.

The Analytic Hierarchy Process of Thomas Saaty plays a very important role in information processing to make selection decisions and to decide the best and most reasonable course of action. However, this method cannot be used in many cases where the expert judgments concerning the criteria are imprecise and incomplete. This paper proposes a method for improving the Analytic Hierarchy of Thomas Saaty. The proposes method also uses group of experts for comparing alternatives and criteria. However, it does not require assigning favorability values for different groups of decision alternatives and criteria. In addition, it uses the Maximin approach for combining the criteria. Efficient algorithms are developed for computing the optimal solution. The main results of this research are explained and illustrated by nummerical examples.

This paper presents some results of building intelligent surveillance camera systems using object tracking. Main steps of the object tracker include (i) keypoint tracking using optical flow, (ii) keypoint matching, and (iii) consensus-base voting. A novel algorithm to accelerate processing using pipeline technique on multicores systems has also been proposed. The algorithm divides the whole processing frame into 4 stages which are executed on 4 different threads. Synchronization of threads is realized producer – consumer model. The proposed method achieved a 3.3 times increased computational time compared to the original one. The surveillance system continuously tracks target object and gives a warning sound if the object disappears in a predefined interval. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves very promising results.

Potassium chlorate is widely used as a stimulator for off-season flowering of longan. Twenty four bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples collected in a longan orchard in Thot Not district, Can Tho city in which seven strains performed higher biomass growth in minimal salt medium with KClO3(0,1 g/L) andglucose (2 g/L) added in comparison to the others. These strains are all Gram-negative bacteria. In minimal salt medium supplemented with KClO3 (0,1 g/L), all seven strains showed the highest efficiency of KClO3degradation (70.4% - 77.6%) after eleven days of incubation. In minimal salt medium with KClO3 (0,1 g/L) and glucose (2 g/L) addition, the effectiveness of KClO3degradation was higher (65.8% - 78.6%) after seven days of growth. Without glucose amended, strain TN3 degraded 77.6% KClO3 after eleven days, however, when glucose was added, the strain could degrade 78.6% KClO3 after seven days of incubation. Strains TN3 and TN34 showed movement towards KClO3 in the chemotaxis test. Above all, strain TN3 is a potential candidate for bioremediation of KClO3 as it has the highest efficiency of degrading KClO3 and the chemotaxis activity towards KClO3.

“Research on using biogas effluent for planting maize (Zea mays L.)” was conducted to salvage nutrients from biogas effluent as liquid organic fertilizer for replacing chemical fertilizers that helped to reduce irrigated water quantity, limit biogas effluent quantity released directly into water bodies and reduce the cost of maize cultivating. The pot experiment consisted of 4 treatments: chemical fertilizers, biogas effluent in rate of 100%, 75% and 50% in order to choose reasonable rate for field experiment. The field experiment was arranged with 3 treatments: chemical fertilizers (control treatment), biogas effluent with nitrogen concentration 75%, and biogas effluent with nitrogen concentration 50%. The results showed that plant height, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, quantity of seed row per fruit, quantity of seed per fruit and productivity of maize in biogas effluent with nitrogen concentration 75% treatment were not statistically different from the control treatment. Using biogas effluent in cultivating maize helped to reduce 35 L/m2 of biogas effluent with nitrogen concentration 75% released to the environment, utilize 18.7 g/m2 of nitrogen, 4.47 g/m2 of phosphorus and 6.42 g/m2 ofkalium, decreased 1,147 VND/m2 of chemical fertilizers cost and 500 VND/m2 of pesticides. Base on such research results, farmers having biogas digesters are encouraged to use biogas effluent to replace chemical fertilizers in cultivating maize.

The main purpose of this article is to use Characteristic functions method to solve some approximation problems in probability such as Compound Poisson approximation, Gamma approximation, and Laplace approximation. The received results are extensions and generalizations of some known results.

A non-ionoic surfactant diethanolamide has been successfully prepared in rather good yield (62 %) upon treating catfish fat derived methyl esters with diethanolamine at elevated temperature. This surfactant was then used as material for production of suspension concentrate (SC) formulation containing Fipronil, a common active ingredient, along with other additives. The prepared SC formulation meets all required quality standards according to TC-05-2002-CL for Fipronil and showed as good activity as the commercial Fipronil-containing SC insecticide formulations against rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis G).

Prime Avoidance theorem is a famous theorem in Commutative Algebra. Some authors proved this theorem in case the ring is not commutative. Moreover, many authors generalized this result for modules over commutative ring and noncommutative ring. In this paper, Sanh’s definition (2010) of prime submodule was used to study the finite unions of submodules and prove the Prime Avoidance theorem for modules over noncommutative ring.

The one-loop contributions of new particles in the standard expansion model (Seesaw III) to some decay channels of the neutral Higgs are a matter of concern. The article is to explore the detailed study of the decay process of the Higgs in the Seesaw model with the new heavy fermions. The one-loop contributions of new particles to some decay processes of the neutral Higgs are studied in the seesaw model with the new triplets of fermions (Seesaw-III). The expression for intensity of branching decay for two specific decompositions such as h → γγ and h → Zγ is constructed. Numerical results and comparison with expertmental data are presented in detail. Since then it has been shown that the contributions of heavy charged fermions in the model are very small and always within the allowable limits of the experiment. Therfore the model is not excluded by the decay channels studied in this work.

The aim of this paper is to study necessary and sufficient conditions such that a given system will become a strong -base in Banach Spaces. The results obtained in this article were based on the stability of strong -bases in Hilbert Spaces. Firstly, for two strong -bases given, there would exists a continuous linear operator, which is denoted by , such that  is a continuous linear injective. Under the suitable assumptions,  will become a continuous linear isomorphism. Secondly, a sufficient condition on the existences of a strong -base in given Banach space is also provided as well. Finally, a conclusion to the obtained results is also proposed.

Basing on the analysis of 1200 earthworms individuals in 58 sites in Ba Ria - Vung Tau province on October 2016, this study inventoried that there were 26 species of earthworm in 10 genera and 5 families. Of those species, seventeen species were firstly recorded in the study area; additionally, the genus Pheretima sensus stricto was firstly recorded in Vietnam, and the species Metphire mangophila (Nguyen, 2011) was adjusted as a junior synonym of Metaphire easupana (Thai & Huynh, 1993). Regarding to species composition and community structure, family Megascolecidae absolutely dominated with 22 species (84.60%); families Almidae, Rhinodrilidae, Moniligastridae and Octochaetidae with 1 species for each one. The genus Metaphire (12 species) and Amynthas (5 species) were more dominant than other genera; the genus Polypheretima was not distributed in mainland of the study site. Within the study area, the similarity index of species composition among terrains is rather high as over 60%, but low as of 29.91%–53.76% among habitats. Dominance index of earthworm species in the study area was low (λ < 0.24), However, M. bahli, A. polychaetiferus and M. houlleti were more dominant than other species.

Benzimidazoles and their derivatives play an important role in medical field with many pharmacological activitives such as antiinflamatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic and anticancer activity. In this study, four naphthalenyl-benzimidazole derivatives have been successfully synthesized in good yield through a fivestep sequence starting from 2,5‑dimethoxybenzaldehyde. The synthesis made use of the Stobbe condensation followed by cyclization to afford the ethyl 4-acetoxy-5,8-dimethoxy-2-naphthoate core. The ethyl ester moiety was then further converted into the corresponding aldehyde which was then condensed with o‑phenylenediamine and o-nitroaniline derivatives under different conditions to provide 2-naphthalyl-1H-benzimidazole derivatives. The structures of these new compounds were fully confirmed by various spectroscopic methods such as MS, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Cytotoxicity evaluation of two derivatives named 5,8-dimethoxy-3-(5-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)naphthalene-1-ol (6a) and 3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-5,8-dimethoxynaphthalen-1-ol (7a) showed that these two compounds possess weak activity against Mouse skin B16 melanoma cell line.

The experiment was conducted at Phu Son farm in Dong Nai, Vietnam. Forty pregnant sows selected in the same of age, health and reproductive performance were divided equally into 2 groups. The control group was fed with basic diet of the farm, and the experimental group with basic diet plus OptiCell® at dosage of 10 kg/ton of feed. Results showed that OptiCell® helps to improve significantly performance of sows and piglets such as increasing feed intake; shortening the farrowing time; improving the number of newborn piglets, number of weaned piglets, the average weight of piglets in experimental group was higher than the average weight of piglets in the control group. This experimental was a first step for further research on the digestion of fiber in the large intestine in monogastric animals.

Goose grass (Eleusine indica) contains plenty of phytochemical compounds with antimicrobial activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol extraction method comparing to the ultrasound-assisted extraction method on the antimicrobial activities. The yield of ultrasound-assisted extraction method was lower than that of ethanol extraction method. However, the treatment using ultrasound-assited has higher total flavonoid (25%) and total alkaloid (28%) content. The antimicrobial activity of all treatments was recorded, in which the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli was higher than Bacillus subtilis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the S70 extract for two bacteria were 12.5 and 50 mg/mL, respectively.

Omphisa anastomasalis is one of the most serious insect pests of sweet potato in Southeast Asia. In order to apply sex pheromone as a tool for monitoring the population dynamics, from which supplies information for establishment of an effective management program, the role of cuticle hydrocarbon in the sex pheromone attraction of O. anastomasalis was investigated by using GC-EAD and GC-MS analyses and followed by the field evaluation. Analysis of the pheromone gland extract identified three components including E10-16:Ald, E14-16:Ald and E10,E14-16:Ald. Meanwhile, analysis of the body extract resulted in four components with Z3,Z6,Z9-23:H compound as the new identified component. Further, analysis of the wing extract found only the Z3,Z6,Z9-23:H component. These indicated that Z3,Z6,Z9-23:H was a cuticle hydrocarbon secreted from the surface body of the female moth. In field evaluation, lure prepared from E10-16:Ald, E14-16:Ald and E10,E14-16:Ald compounds did not attract O. anastomasalis males. However, addition of Z3,Z6,Z9-23:H at ratios from 18.2% - 47.6% into the lure made increasing significantly the numbers of captured males, even higher than that of trap baited with a virgin female. Omphisa anastomasalis là đối tượng gây hại quan trọng trên khoai lang ở khu vực Đông Nam Á. Nhằm ứng dụng pheromone giới tính như là công cụ khảo sát diễn biến mật số quần thể, từ đó hỗ trợ thông tin cho việc xây dựng các chương trình quản lý hiệu quả, vai trò của hydrocarbon biểu bì trong sự hấp dẫn của pheromone giới tính đối với O. anastomasalis được khảo sát bằng các phân tích GC-EAD và GC-MS và đánh giá hiệu quả hấp dẫn ngoài đồng. Kết quả phân tích mẫu ly trích từ tuyến pheromone ghi nhận được ba thành phần gồm các hợp chất E10-16:Ald, E14-16:Ald và E10,E14-16:Ald. Trong khi đó, kết quả phân tích mẫu ly trích từ thân đã ghi nhận được bốn thành phần với hợp chất Z3,Z6,Z9-23:H là thành phần thứ tư. Xa hơn, phân tích mẫu ly trích từ cánh chỉ ghi nhận được thành phần Z3,Z6,Z9-23:H. Điều này chứng tỏ thành phần Z3,Z6,Z9-23:H là một hydrocarbon biểu bì và được tiết ra từ bề mặt cơ thể của ngài cái. Trong đánh giá ngoài đồng, mồi pheromone được điều chế từ 3 thành phần ghi nhận trong tuyến pheromone không cho hiệu quả hấp dẫn đối với ngài O. anasotosalis đực. Khi được thêm vào mồi Z3,Z6,Z9-23:H đã làm gia tăng có ý nghĩa số lượng ngài O. anasotosalis đực vào bẫy, ngay cả cao hơn so với bẫy được đặt mồi là ngài cái chưa giao phối.

Study on additives to help recovery of phages after lyophylization, Glucose 10% showed the best effectiveness, following Mannitol 5% and 10%. Study on storage durations of three formulations, lyophilized formulation at room temperature showed maintaining phage density stable up to 5 months storage, while liquid formulation in 40C and in room temperature showed significant reduction phage density after 3 months and 1 month storage, respectively. Study on additives to help phage surviving on foliar of rice under sunlight conditions, phage density maintained equally among treatments after 24 hours spraying phage on foliar rice. Treatment phage + skimmilk showed better effect in maintaining phage density up to 5 days after spraying, while other treatments showed critical declined of phage density. However, the disease suppression efficacy did not correlate with phage density on rice foliars. Disease reduction was determined by phage density contact with bacterial pathogens in first several hours, therefore the reduction of phage density after 24 hours had no effect on disease reduction. Specially, treatments phage + mungbean or soybean powder expressed better in reduction of percentage of leaf infection than other treatments, there results could be involved with the effect of these additives in enhancing rice resistance beside phage effects.

Bacterial strains which had ability in degrading cellulose were isolated and selected and then used for producing bioproducts to treat litchee postharvest wastes. From 300 samples of natural litchee compost, 98 bacterial strains were isolated. Of which, bacterial strains V19 and V98 were determined dominant cellulase, amylase, and protease enzymatic activities. Both V19 and V98 indicated the significant resistance to antibiotics upto 1000 mg/l culture media. These two strains showed significant growth and extracellular enzymatic in different pH and temperature of culture media. In case of pot experiment, litchee postharvest wastes were decomposed at level 57 - 59% by being applied V19 or V98 bio-product after 35 days (control was 45%). Based on characteristics of culture, morphological, physiological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences, V19 was identifield as Bacillus cereus, V98 was Bacillus toyonensis.

Milk contains as little as 2 g/L of milk fat globule membrane. However, this material received much attention in recent years due to both its health-beneficial properties and technological functionalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of using milk fat globule membrane fragments in the production of yoghurt. The influence of skim milk powder with a total solids content of 12-15%, and the supplementation of Lacprodan®PL-20 (0-4%) instead of skim milk powder, on the physical properties of yoghurt (i.e. firmness and water-holding capacity) was studied. In addition, the total polar lipids content and the milk fat globule membrane proteins in yoghurt with Lacprodan®PL-20 addition were analysed. It was found that the firmness and the water-holding capacity of yoghurt were improved when the total solids content in skim milk increased from 12 to 15%, whereas the fermentation time was prolonged. Replacing 3% of solids of skim milk by Lacprodan®PL-20, increased the water-holding capacity Replacing 3% of solids of skim milk by Lacprodan®PL-20 resulted in an increased of water-holding capacity (85.23%). Besides, based on densitometry, by adding 3% Lacprodan®PL-20, the band intensities of XO, CD36, BTN, PAS 6/7 and ADPH in yoghurt was more abundant than in yoghurt without adding Lacprodan®PL-20. The total polar lipids of this yoghurt was also high (0.24%). These results indicated the Lacprodan®PL-20 is highly potential for being incorporated in yoghurt product. It not only provides beneficial nutritional properties, but also contributes to the technological properties of the product, such as improved water-holding capacity.

Experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of salinity on germination, growth, physiology and yield of two groundnut varieties of L14 and L27. Results showed that the increase of salinity concentrations decreased significantly germination, root length and shoot length of seedlings, fresh weight of root and shoot. Increasing salinity significantly decreased the growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area, dry weight, and number of nodules. In addition, salinity also reduced SPAD values, chlorophyll fluorescence efficiency, yield components and yield. Furthermore, increasing salinity significantly increased the water saturation deficit, relative ion leakage of two groundnut varieties.

The study on diversified land use in the dike of shrimp-rice rotation system in brackish water area is aimed at helping farmers to diversify the household income, reduce to risks for agriculture production and adapt to unstable weather changing. The research was conducted with sorghum planting (Sorghum bicolor) and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) in combination with cattle-breeding on farm level. Following the farm activities, the study was recorded in the diary of 14 farmers who participated in this study, and interviewed 61 farmers who were practicing upland crops and combination with cattle-breeding by questionnaires. The results showed that sorghum adapts well to the ecological condition of this area and gives high yield. High yield of elephant grass should be a stable green fodder source for cattle-breeding. Growing upland crops had higher economic efficiency that should improve household income and contribute to land use efficiency, instead of non-farming as before farmers. Growing in group of crop species, which includes melon, bitter gourd and pepper combination with sorghum, are highly profitable compared to other crops. Diversification of land use will help farmers develop agriculture production, stabilize livelihood options and adapt well with climate changes in brackish water area.

Root and soil samples were collected in five provinces of Can Tho, Soc Trang, Dong Thap, Vinh Long and Hau Giang on silty soil with pH range from 3.64 to 5.80, maize fields about 40 days old. The root and soil samples existed the symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (VAM). It was expressed the infection roots and number of spores in soil, there were three types of structures: mycelia, vesicules and arbuscules. Infection ratio of VAM into maize roots correlated with soil pH (3.6 - 5.8) in maize field positively. Criteria for classification and identification were determined to genus based on morphological characteristics of shape of spores, color, subtending hypha and spore walls. Three mycorrhiza genera were found in the maize rhizosphere, namely Glomus, Acaulospora and Entrophospora. Glomus and Acaulospora genera were displayed in all soil samples collected in the five provinces while Entrophospora genus was only found in soil samples in Can Tho and Soc Trang provinces.

The main objective of this study was to isolate and identify indigenous white rot fungi for bioremediation of dye textile compounds. Fungal fruit body samples were collected from decaying woods in the Mekong Delta for isolation. The dye textile compound decolourisation capacity of isolated fungi was tested on MT3 (Jonathan and Fasidi, 2001)  containing 500 mgL-1Brilliant Black BN or Bromophenol blue. The results showed that 54 fungal isolates were isolated from decaying wood.  Twelve out of fifty four fungal isolates showed their capacity in decolourisation of Bromophenol blue. The HG1 strain was able to degrade 493 mg.L-1 Bromophenol blue, corresponding to 92% within 8 days of incubation, while fifteen out of fifty four fungal isolates showed their capacity in decolourisation of 1Brilliant Black BN. The maximum decolourisation of this compound was 99% (493 mg.L-1) within 7 days of incubation by TV13 strain . HG1 and TV13 were identified as the best candidates for decolourisation of Brilliant Black BN and Bromophenol blue compounds, respectively. Based on the results of 18S-rRNA sequences, these two candidates were genetically and relatively identified as genus of Marasmiellus. Thus, these two fungal isolates were relatively identified as Marasmiellus sp. HG1 and Marasmiellus sp. TV13.

This study was conducted to determine the requirements for maintenance and efficiency of protein and energy utilization of snakedhead (Channa striata) in order to establish the optimal feed formulation in grow-out of snakehead. In the first experiment, five groups of snakehead with different sizes (10 g; 50 g; 100 g; 200 g and 500 g) were not fed for 28 days to determine protein and energy loss, and protein and energy metabolism exponents. In the second experiment, fish was received the referenced diet under satiate feeding conditions to determine digestibility coefficients of feed and nutrients. The third experiment, fish was fed referenced diet at five different feeding rates: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% satiation to evaluate the efficiency of protein and energy utilization. The results showed that protein and energy metabolism exponents were 0.76 and 0.82, respectively. Digestibility of the test diet was 75.1%, while that of protein, energy and lipid was 88.6%, 86.1% and 95.1%, respectively. The efficiency of protein and energy utilization of snakehead was 58.2% and 47.6%, respectively. Digestible protein and energy requirements for maintenance of snakehead were 0.41 g/kg0.76/day and 43.7 kJ/kg0.82/day, respectively.

This study was aimed to clarify the kind of suitable feeds and nursing environment for each development stage of red clawed crab larvae. The study included two experiments of six treatments, of which, the experiment one is on nursing the larvae from Zoea-1 to Zoea-4 with feeding A (Artemia at umbrella stage + Frippak-150 for Zoea-1 to Zoea-2 and Nauplii Artemia + Frippak-150 for Zoea-3 to Zoea-4), B (Rotifer for Zoea-1 to Zoea-2 and Nauplii Artemia for Zoea-3-Zoea-4) and C (Rotifer + umbrella stage Artemia for Zoea-1 to Zoea-2 and Nauplii Artemia + Frippak-150 for Zoea-3 to Zoea-4), the second is on nursing larvae from Zoea-4 to crab-1 with feeding D (Nauplii Artemia + Frippak-150 for Zoea-4 to crab-1), E (Nauplii Artemia for Zoea-4 to crab-1) and F (Nauplii Artemia + Lansy-PL for Zoea-4 to crab-1); and both experiments in green and clear water systems. Results showed that nursing in green or clear water systems did not affect the growth and survival rate of red clawed crab. Nursing red clawed crab from Zoea-1 to Zoea-4 and feeding C feed; and nursing from Zoea-4 to crab-1 with D feed resulted the best in term of the growth, survival rate and crab-1 production (p

The PCR procedure to detect Aeromonas schubertii bacteria, which causes white inclusions in internal organs of snakehead fish, was carried out and standardized. The primer pairs Schubertii-16S- (UF-2) F and Schubertii-16S- (UF-2) R (Demarta et al., 1999) were used to amplify the 16s rDNA gene for A. schubertii with a 322-bp PCR product was used in order to shorten the detection time and specific to the causative agent. The optimized PCR procedure includes 1 mM MgCl 2, 1U Taq DNA polymerase and 0.2 mM dNTPs. The detection limit of this PCR protocol is approximately of 30 ng DNA. The specificity of the primer pair is determined to detect only A. schubertii bacteria without detection of some common bacterial pathogens in aquaculture such as Streptococcus agalactiae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobactertium columnare.

Study was carried to examine the ingestion and assimilation of Artemia on bacteria in gnotobiotic conditions (known strain of bacteria). Artemia were offered with different mixed diets between baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mnn9) and 15N bacteria HT3 (Tamlana sp. ZJU HZ22) and the propotion of bacteria gradually increased 25% in feeding regime (based on dry weight) for each treatment, rifamycin was used as bacteriostatic at 10 ppm. Results showed that the addition of rifamycin into Artemia culture water did not affect on survival and growth of Artemia after 6 days of culture. The 15N concentration in Artemia tissue increased with increasing 15N bacteria in the test diets. The result of this study illustrated that Artemia utilized and assimilated bacteria and utilized more bacteria in the poor food condition.

This study was conducted to confirm types and level of hormones to gain fish spawning effectively. Experiment 1st: HCG was injected for males and females once with two different doses (1,000 IU/kg and 1,500 IU/kg BW). Experiment 2nd: HCG adding 5mg PG was injected for males twice with four various doses (500 IU/kg, 1,000 IU/kg, 1,500 IU/kg and 2,000 IU/kg BW) and for females once 500 IU/kg BW. Experiment 3rd: LHRHa adding Domperidone was injected for males twice with three different doses (60 μg/kg BW, 80 μg/kg BW and 100 μg/kg BW) and for females 50 μg/kg BW for females. Each experiment had been done three times. The results showed that, HCG adding 5mg PG with a dose of 500 IU/kg BW for females and 2,000 IU/kg BW for males is good for fish spawning. Latency period occurred within 44.4 hours at the temperature of 26.5-28oC, ovulation rate was 66.7%, and the percentage of hatching was about 51.2%. In conclusion, dwarf snakehead can breed with the high rate of reproduction, ovulation, hatching, and fertilization and low deform rate without hormone injection.

Artemia (Vinh Chau strain) were cultured at five salinity levels (10‰; 20‰; 30‰; 50‰ and 80‰) aiming to assess the effects of salinity on survival and growth rate as well as their reproduction characteristics. The results showed that salinity levels did not play strong effect on Artemia survival and growth. After 14 days of culture, the survival rates ranged from 69.8% to 78.5% and their body length reached 8.9 – 9.1 mm, these both parameters were insignificantly different between the treatments (p>0.05). Result also indicated that the lower salinity, the shorter lifespan and lower fecundity of the brine shrimp were recorded. The lifespan was only 18.7±2.0 days at salinity of 10‰   while it was almost 35 days at 50‰ and 80‰; p30>20>10, lowest were 96 offsprings/female and highest were 673 offsprings/female. The high percentage of cyst reproduction (67-83%) was obtained at low salinity levels (10-30‰), whereas low percentage of cyst reproduction (50%) was obtained at higher salinity (80‰). However, in terms of reproduction criteria the highly cyst reproduction, except for salnity 10‰, was obtained in all salinities (20‰, 30‰, 50‰ and 80‰), especially the salinity at 50‰ up to 80‰ Artemia Vinh Chau presented the best productivity.