Among products made from the coconut tree, products made from coconut meat generally have a large proportion of product value. In the preliminary processing phase of any products made from coconut meat, it is necessary to remove its brown skin, which is often performed manually. Semi-automatic machines for removing the brown skin of coconut meat have been developed but their price is relatively high while their productivity is not high enough. This paper proposed a novel mechanism to remove coconut brown skin on a spiral trajectory by moving the blade in tangent contact with the outer surface of the coconut meat while the cocunut meat is rotating around its vertical axis. The brown skin removing mechanism has been successfully developed for half-nut-size coconut meat with removal rate of about 94.5 kg/hour (which is almost 4 times of the manual removal rate) and coconut meat loss of less than 15%, removal percentage of more than 95%. Preliminary results showed the applicability of the system for removing the brown skin of half-nut-size coconut meat which is the traditional product of manual removal of coconut meat from the coconut husk. In addition, the developed system could be integrated with preceding automatic sort-and-flip system to form a complete automatic system for sorting coconut meat and removing its brown skin.

Cobalt zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) has been successfully prepared with the yield that is significantly obtained in ethanol which is non-toxic and environmentally friendly. The texture structure, morphologies and physicochemical properties of ZIF-67 were analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). ZIF-67 was tested adsorption capability on methyl orange in water. The effects of time, pH, temperature, MO concentration and mass of adsorbents on the adsorption behavior were surveyed. The results showed that the ZIF-67 adsorption capacity on MO was higher than 160 mg.g-1 when pH is at 5.5, temperature is 35oC, adsorbent dose is 5 mg, initial MO concentration is 50 ppm and absorption time is 90 minutes. The material is able to reuse three times without lossing adsorption capacity.

Activities for folding a large number of A4 paper sheets such as competition notice, university offer letter, and tax assessment are taking of time and boring. Therefore, if an automatic paper folding machine utilized for those is really convenient for both staff and management departments as well. In this work, a solution for designing an automatic paper folding machine is proposed to improve the aforementioned activities. It consists of two main components: a mechanical mechanism for paper folding and a control circuit for controlling all proccesses of the machine. In addition, this machine can count and display a number of folded paper sheets on a liquid crystal display. It can fold an A4 paper sheet (21 cm × 29.7 cm) into three equal parts. The folded paper sheet could be put into an envelop in which recievers’ name and address shown in a transparent plastic frame. This solution could help to reduce boring documentary activities (i.e., printing recievers’ name and address and folding paper sheets) and increase the labour capacity. The testing results show that the designed machine stably operates with the obtained capacity of 960 sheets per hour. From the obtained results, the authors strongly suggest to use this machine for the documentary activities at high schools, universities, tax management departments, and insurance companies in Vietnam.

Chili fruit processing process has been studied in Thanh Binh, Đong Thap and Cho Gao, Tien Giang. A new design of destemming system with the conveyor has been proposed, fabricated, evaluated to enhance destemming productivity and destemmed chili quality, as well as to decrease fruit-slicing errors. The study results showed that the proposed separator works well as the outcome is of 3 fruits per second and cracked-chili rate  at 3 ~ 5%.

The article aimed to introduce the results of applying open source GIS library to develop dike management software in Binh Dinh province. Key methods used in the study include data analysis, detailed business modeling, design and programming to develop a desktop GIS software, called BDykeGIS version 1.0 for updating, viewing and editing of data related to dike management. The BDykeGIS software is designed with Vietnamese language interface, user friendly, simple operation, fast data access speed. Especially, it can be used to search and query spatial information for dike.

Charcoal burning operation in Chau Thanh district, Hau Giang province affects significantly adjacent orchards, which can reduce fruit yields about 20 - 30% compared to other orchards with no charcoal furnaces nearby. Dust from charcoal burning causes about 35% of the population in the vicinities who are sufferring from pulmonary diseases, rhinitis, eye diseases, and some dermatitis and arthritis involved. Contaminants such as CO and SO2 exceeded the standards of QCVN 19: 2009 / BTNMT (column B) approved by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment). PM2.5 dust at 10 m, 50 m, 100 m and 200 m distance from the charcoal furnances were higher than statndards. The results showed that in the current working conditions and exposure time of 70 years, the proportion of people at cancer risk are 21 men and 35 women out of 100,000 people. In order to produce one ton of charcoal for 25-year-old Rhizophora woods, about 3.3 tons of firewood would be used and would generated 2.29 tons of CO2 gas and 2.92 tons of CO gas. These gas emissions will be 1.2 - 1.6 times higher if using 10 or 5-year-old Rhizophora woods.

The asymmetry in electron-nucleus scattering at high energies of hundreds GeV and more was described in the framework of unified electroweak theory. The asymmetry ARL and the scattering cross section ratio R were analyzed at the same time, showing that they gave the same results on the relation between electromagnetic and weak forces in the unified force. The specific calculations were performed for the isotopic pair .

Hau Giang is one of the rice centers of the Southwest region, but it is also a place affected by climate change, drought will activate acid sulfate soils to become stronger and more aggravated. The research topic "Selection of rice varieties suitable to acid sulfate soil area in Hoa An, Phung Hiep, Hau Giang" has been implemented with the aim to find out suitable rice varieties adapted to acid sulfate soil condition, short growth duration, resistance to brown plant hopper and rice blast disease, high yield and good quality on acid sulfate soil area. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design, with 03 replications, 12 treatments corresponding to 12 promising rice varieties from O Mon Rice Research Institute, The University of Can Tho and Long Phu Seed Station. Based on the results of the analysis of criteria for agronomic characteristics, acidity adaptation, pest resistance, grain quality, yield components and actual yield. the research group has selected the best two rice varieties M480 and D158, having short growth duration from 101-104 days ( the transplanted rice plants), well- adapted to acid sulfate soils (level 1), resistance to brown plant hopper and rice blast disease (level 1), high yield (dried paddy from 6,7 to 8,0 ton/ha), long grain rice, less chalkiness, mushy and soft rice were chosen for rice production.

Nghiên cứu đánh giá hiệu quả phòng trị bệnh cháy lá hành do vi khuẩn Xanthomonas sp. bằng thực khuẩn thể Ф31 (TKT Ф31), chất kích kháng CaSiO3, thuốc Starner 20WP và biện pháp phối hợp TKTФ31, chất kích kháng CaSiO3 và thuốc Starner 20WP được thực hiện ở điều kiện nhà lưới và ngoài đồng. Ở điều kiện nhà lưới, tất cả các nghiệm thức có xử lý đều cho hiệu quả giảm bệnh khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê so với đối chứng. Trong đó, nghiệm thức biện pháp phối hợp cho hiệu quả phòng trị bệnh tốt nhất với trung bình phần trăm diện tích lá bệnh (TBPTDTLB) thấp hơn và khác biệt có ý nghĩa với các nghiệm thức còn lại và đối chứng ở 11 ngày sau khi lây bệnh (NSKLB). Kế đến, bốn nghiệm thức TKT Ф31 kết hợp CaSiO3, TKT Ф31 kết hợp Starner 20WP, CaSiO3 kết hợp Starner 20WP và Starner 20WP, có hiệu quả giảm bệnh tương đương, khác biệt không có ý nghĩa qua phân tích thống kê. Kết quả thí nghiệm ngoài đồng, nghiệm thức biện pháp phối hợp cho hiệu quả giảm bệnh tốt với tỷ lệ bệnh và năng suất khác biệt có ý nghĩa đối với nghiệm thức đối chứng và các nghiệm thức có xử lý khác. Kế đến nghiệm thức Starner 20WP, TKT Ф31 kết hợp chất kích kháng CaO + SiO2, TKT Ф31 kết hợp Starner 20WP, chất kích kháng CaO + SiO2 kết hợp Starner 20WP và nghiệm thức nông dân đều cho hiệu quả giảm bệnh và năng suất tương đương nhau, khác biệt ý nghĩa thống kê so với nghiệm thức đối chứng.

The study on isolation and selection of antagonistic Actinomyces against nematode Pratylenchus sp. was conducted in laboratory condition. Sixty-four strains of Actinomyces were isolated from vegetable farm soil collected from Tra Vinh and Can Tho. All Actinomyces strains were screened on  hydrolytic ability of  chitin and protein which are components of nematode cell wall, results showed that six strains i.e. 4A1, BM15, 8.11.1, 9.3.1, 5A6 and SM8 exhibited high chitinase and protease enzymes. Especially, three strains i.e 4A1, BM15, 8.11.1 expressed hydrolytic ability of chitin and protein higher than other strains. Investigation the effect of culture extract of strains 4A1, BM15, 8.11.1 and mix 4A1+BM15+8.11.1 in liquid medium ISP2 contained colloidal chitin on the survival of nematode in soil pot, results found that all treatments expressed effect in killing nematode Pratylenchus sp. with number of alive nematodes were significant lower than control, especially the treatment mixture of 3 strains (4A1+BM15+8.11.1) showed highest efficacy in killing nematode at 48 and 72 hours of testing.

This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing protein fish meal (FM) by different levels of protein defatted soybean meal (SBM) in practical diets for Asian swamp eel, Monopterus albus fingerlings of initial mean weight 7.2 g ind-1. Six iso-nitrogenous (45% crude protein) and iso-energetic (18.5 KJ g-1) diets were formulated by replacing 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of protein FM by SBM and control diet only used protein FM (0% SBM). After 8 experimental weeks, the results showed weight gain (WG), FCR, protein efficiency ratio (PER) decreased with the increasing of dietary SBM protein levels. However, there were not significant differences (p>0.05) among treatments 0%, 20%, and 30% SBM protein. Survival rate was not significant differences (p>0.05) among treatments. Hepatosomatic index (HSI), body lipid and ash content were reduced from dietary 40% SBM protein levels. The results of this study showed that protein SBM is an acceptable ingredient to supply 30% of protein without causing reduction on growth performance and feed utilization of eel fingerling.

The bacterium Aeromonas schubertii, was isolated and identified as the aetiological agent causing internal white spot disease in snakehead fish (Channa striata) suffering from high mortality rates within hatchery and commercial farms in 4 provinces: Tra Vinh, An Giang, Dong Thap and Dong Nai. A total of 192 diseased specimens showing white-spot in internal organs was collected from 53 different farms. The typical clinical signs were observed the presence of whitish nodules in the liver, spleen and kidney. The bacteria were isolated with tiny pale yellow colonies on tryptic soya agar after incubating at 28°C for 24-36 hours, and were analyzed as negative Gram and short rod-shaped, motile and oxidase positive. A combination of conventional biochemical tests, API 20E system and 16S rRNA gene partial sequencing was used to identify the all isolates as Aeromonas schubertii. An experimental injection challenge study was performed and fulfilled Koch’s postulates with LD50 values of 6.59x103 and 8.12x103 cfu per ml. Histological examination was found numerous multifocal granulomas in internal organ tissues: liver, spleen and kidney.

The study was conducted from January to December 2016. Data were collected every two months combined with random interviews with 120 fishermen in the study area by a questionnaire. The results show that there are 91 fish species belonging to 67 genera, 33 families and 11 orders distributed in the study area. The number of fish species belong to Perciformes and Siluriformes are the most abundant among collected orders. The size of wild fish species in the study area is relatively small. Fish species with high yield during the flood season include Trichopodus trichopterus, Puntioplites proctozystron, Barbonymus gonionotus, Henicorhynchus siamensis, Anabas testudineus, Eleotris melanosoma. The Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus have established populations in many watersheds. Three rare fish species distributed in the study area including Chitala chitala, Toxotes chatareus and Labeo chrysophekadion are all threatened (T). Production of fish and shrimp harvested in 2016 has been reduced by 50-60% compared to 2012 and the internal fish production of the irrigation system is lower than that of the irrigation system.

The abundance (CPUEn, w) of Pila polita in the garden ditches and irrigation canals were investigated in some provinces of the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. Results showed that the environmental factors affecting the distribution of Pila polita are pH, alkalinity, coverage of aquatic plants and depth. In the garden ditches, the lowest CPUEn, w were recorded in Hau Giang province (1.04 ind./m2 and17.1 g/m2), the highest in Vinh Long province (1.66 ind./m2 and 26.2 g/m2) and there were significant differences among three studied provinces (p

Studies on the effects of temperature and salinity on the energy budget of snakehead (Channa striata) were carried out at three temperatures (28; 31 and 34oC) combined with 3 salinity levels (0, 6 and 9‰). At 31oC-0‰, snakeheads showed the highest growth rates, and they could be adapted to a temperature of 34 oC or salinity of 6‰ without affecting growth. The digestibility of fish tends to decrease with increased salinity.  As a result the digestibility of fish in treatments 6 and 9‰ at the same temperature were significantly lower (p

Study on technical and financial aspects of mud crab integrated culture system was conducted from May 2015 to March 2016 through interviewing 88 households culturing mud crab such as Crab – Shrimp – Rice (CSR) and Crab – Shrimp (CS) model. The results showed that average water surface in ponds and percentage of surrounding ditch in CSR and CS were 2.46 ha/farm; 25.7% and 2.09 ha/farm; 20.3%, respectively. Water depth in CSR and CS models were 1.13 m and 1.18 m. Stocking density of mud crab in CSR (0.16 crab/m2) was lower than that of CS model (0.22 crab/m2) but survival rate of mud crab in CSR (27.9%) was higher than that of CS model (21.4%) (p

Reproductive characteristics of black sea urchin Diadema setosum was studied during the period of April 2016 to April 2017. A total of 632 specimens of black sea urchin were collected from the intertidal reef at Hon Son, Kien Giang province, Viet Nam. Monthly data collection showed that the reproductive cycle of black sea urchin was seasonal dependence. The highest gonadosomatic index (GSI) of black sea urchin was found in June (16.10±7.70), but no differ significantly with those GSI occurring from April to July. The lowest GSI was found during the period of September to December and remain low until March next year. The data suggested that spawing season of animal may occur from May to August yearly. Length-weight relationship of black sea urchin (n=632) was W = 0.48L2.84 with the value of regression co-efficient r2 = 0.93. Histology analysis also confirmed that most of the gonad (>70%) of black sea urchin collected from April to July reached the maturity stage (stage IV) and 5 different stages development of the gonad were also observed. These are resting, recovery, growing, pre-matured and matured stages. The absolute fecundity is GSI and size dependence of black sea urchin. The absolute fecundity was estimated about of 7.1 million eggs/ind. (72.9 g). The gonad of black sea urchin begin to develop when shell diameter of black sea urchin is greater than 2.5 cm.

This research is aimed to find appropriate density for growth and survival rate of freshwater prawn larvae and postlarvae (PL) using biofloc technology. There were four treatmets of stocking density (40, 60 80 and 100 larvae/liter) set in a completely randomized design with three replications. Nursing tank volume was 0,5 m3, rice flour as carbon source and C/N was managed at a ratio of 15/1, and salinity of 12% was used. Results showed that treatment of 60 larvae/litter yielded significantly higher PL-15 length (9.94±0.6 mm) and survival (50.2±1.42%) (p0.05). Production (30,113±863 PL/m3) in treatment of 60 larvae/litter was significantly higher (p0.05). It can be concluded that nursing freshwater prawn in biofloc system at 60 larvae/litter is the most suitable.

Education in Vietnam has been in the period of comprehensive reform in terms of curriculum and instructional methods. The innovative curriculum of General Education focuses on developing learners’ competences, which stimulates changes in instructional approach from knowledge-transmission into knowledge-construction by self-studying. At primary education, there has been a considerable concern about which effective strategies should be used to help them acquire reading competences. The paper is aimed to make an overview introduction of a reading instruction model, called reciprocal teaching that is organized under a gradual release of responsibility in order to establish reading comprehension ability for primary school students.

This article is aimed to present the organisation of teaching and assessment of experimental competencies for technical students. The research was conducted on a group of students from the mechanical Engeneering in Cao Thang college, HCM city. The qualitative analysis method was  carried out in this research. Findings revealed  an incremental developement of students’ experimental competencies over several tutorials.

The legal popularization and education among students are remarkably considered by many Vietnamese universities in particular and universities in the world in general. The legal popularization and education among students not only help students improve their awareness of law enforcement but also help students understand the law. This study is aimed to analyze the current situation, limitation of legal popularization and education activities among students in Can Tho University (CTU) from 2014 to 2018. The study diectly interviewed 10 experts who are lecturers of School of Law, staff of Departments in CTU on the legal popularization and education among students. Based on the causes of achievements, limitations such activities, some suggestions were proposed for improving the efficiency of the legal popularization and education activities among students in CTU as well as all universities in home country.

An Giang, a province in Mekong Delta which has a unique history and occupies a special geographic position, is an area where historical relics are still preserved. In these relics still exist a wide range of horizontal lacquered boards, antithetical couplets, epitaphs, ancestral tablets, etc. written in Chinese or Nom script, which are exceptionally diverse. It is very necessary to pay more attention to them and their values. This paper is aimed to figure out the moral values transmitted through horizontal lacquered boards and antithetical couplets in antique constructions and worship places of An Giang province, which are among the various buildup factors of the diverse values of these heritages.

Although Hau Giang province has many competitive advantages in sugarcane production, the frequent fluctuations of market price of sugarcane have prompted farmers to convert their farming systems. This conversion has greatly affected the sustainability and stabability of the raw material supply and livelihoods of sugarcane farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the sugarcane value chain in order to find out the solutions for developing sugarcane farmers’ livelihoods and sugarcane industry in Hau Giang province. Based on the data collected from face-to-face interviews with 325 observations of actors in the value chain, the study showed that the sugarcane value chain comprises of 13 distribution channels and they all are domestic ones.  Regarding  the profit allocation, the sugar processing company had the highest profit with VND 77.013 billion/year, accounting for 64.48%, followed by middlemen with 28.989 billion/year, farmers with VND 13.422 billion and sugar retailers with 0.016 billion/year. In order to achieve the stable development of sugarcane value chain, sugar processing companies need to support sugarcane farmers in transferring high yielding setts and promoting mechanization to reduce production cost and increase income for sugarcane farmers. Besides, sugarcane farmers should focus on managing and using inputs effectively, particularly the quantity of cane setts to reduce production cost.

This study aims to assess the information recording and keeping activities based on the framework of Global GAP standards. An investigation was conducted on 85 black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) farms in Dam Doi district, Cai Nuoc district and Ca Mau city (Ca Mau province). Descriptive statistics and independent samples T-test were employed to analyse and compare the differences in financial effieciency between farms with and without information management. The main results were summarised as follows: Despite the fact that Global GAP was an essential certificate to meet the requirement of global markets, shrimp farmers in Ca Mau did not pay much attention to its criteria, especially the criteria of recording and keeping information in order to satisfy  the traceability requirements.  The information management actitivities enhanced the farm efficiency of shrimp farms based on the comparison’s results of financial indices between shrimp farms with and without information management. The results of this study were considered to emphaisize the necessity of the Global GAP standards application for local shrimp farms.

The rational tax rate is an important factor to boost production and business and is a determinant of GDP growth. When GDP grows, the tax revenue will increase accordingly if inefficient element of tax system was excluded. The estimation of tax buoyancy and stability shows that tax collection for the period from 2006 to 2015 of Thua Thien Hue Tax Department is not conducted as expectation. The average tax bouyancy rate for this period is under 1. This means that the growth of tax collection, which is lower than the one of GDP, shows an ineffective tax system. This problem requires that provincial tax department has to improve the performance of tax collection for the coming time.

This paper aims to analyze unbalanced accounting data of 222 non-financial corporations for during the period of 2008 - 2016, listed on the both Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) and Ha Noi Stock Exchange (HNX). By using the two - step GMM method to overcome the endogenous problem, influence of financial restrictions on nonlinear relations between capital management and performance of listed companies in Viet Nam is examined r. The results showed that there is the existence of an optimal level of investment in working capital that balances costs and benefits while maximizing business value. The paper   also aims to analyze whether the optimal working capital level was sensitive to alternative measures of financial constraints. Additionally, the optimal capital of financially constrained firms was lower than the optimal capital level of financially unconstrained firms. The results suggest that managers should avoid negative effects on firm performance because of lost sales and lost discounts for early payments or additional financing expenses.

This paper focuses on analyzing the current status of business activities of units, organizations and individuals that have business in river tourism in Can Tho city; analyzes the vertical linkages in the supply chain of tourism services; assess the perception of units, organizations and individuals on the type of city river tourism development. As a basis for proposing solutions to improve the quality of services and the efficiency of tourism business in the future. The study used expert interview method and interviewed 50 organizations and individuals to participate in tourism business in the area of CanTho City. The research results show that the production and business activities of the organizations and individuals involved in the tourism business of the city are relatively favorable, achieving relatively high growth rate and attract more and more tourists to visit the city, specifically. The study also analyzes the linkages of factors in the tourism development chain in Can Tho city, which is very important in proposing solutions to improve the quality services of organizations and individuals participating in river tourism in CanTho City.

Mechanization is one of the important priorities to reduce costs and to increase competitiveness for sugar industry in Hau Giang province. However, the adoption rate of mechanization is still limited as a part of farmers have not recognized the benefits from mechanization. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess the impact of mechanization on income, particularly the production costs for sugarcane farmers. Based on the results of interviews with 300 farmers cultivating sugarcane in Phung Hiep, Vi Thanh and Nga Bay, the study found that the profit of farmers applied mechanization was at 55.12 million VND/ha, which is higher than that of the non-mechanized farmers at 43.921 million VND/ha. The benefit-cost ratio and benefit-revenue ratio of mechanized farmers were also higher than that of the non-mechanized ones. The results obtained from the Propensity Score Matching method also showed that by using the nearest neighbor matching approach, the total production cost of the mechanized farmers were 16.5 million VND/ha, which is lower than that of the non-mechanized ones; and the difference was 13.1 millionVND/ha by using the radius matching approach. These results showed that the application of mechanization in sugarcane production has positively impacted on the reduction of production costs and contributed to the increase in sugarcane farmers' income.