The objective of this study is to find the best conditions for the systhesis of two compounds N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-11-azaartemisinin (A) and N-hydroxy-11-azaartemisinin (B) which are highly water dissolvable. The two compounds A and B were synthesized from artemisinin by nucleophilic substitution into the carbonyl function to furnish amide intermediate. The molecular structures of the products were determined by the analysis of the spectrum of IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The reaction was optimized using the 2nd level Box Behnken Design model; and the solubility of the products was determined according to Vietnamese Standard (TCVN). The results showed that the two compounds N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-11-azaartemisinin (A) and N-hydroxy-11-azaartemisinin (B) were produced from artemisinin with the yield of 35% and 40%, respectively. In addition, the solubilities of the two obtained derivatives were 12.5 times higher than artemisinin.

Aims of this study are to ascertain the elements that affects enterprises? satisfaction to rate their satisfaction before, during and after fairs of Vietnamese commodity for rural regions by the way the fairs organized and to petition recommendations which enhance the satisfaction of attended enterprises. This study explored that the factors of the assistance for enterprises, factors of organizational competence and factors of need satisfying have specific effect on the enterprises? satisfaction, of which organizational competence has the greatest effect on enterprises? satisfaction about the fairs. The exploration also mark that enterprises felt satisfied with the organizational competence of the board of operation. However, satisfaction rate has not ranked high, and big enterprises have more satisfaction than small and medium enterprises.

?Bach Van quoc ngu thi?, written by Nguyen Binh Khiem, is an outstanding collection of Nom words poems in the XVI century of Vietnamese literature. It marked a considerable development in using poems? words, compared to ?Quoc am thi tap? which is also a collection of Nom words poems written by Nguyen Trai in the XVcentury. In order to illustrate this development, our essay carried out analyzing, using statistic data and making some comparisons of Nguyen Binh Khiem?s ways of choosing and using poems? words with those of Nguyen Trai?s. After all, we realized that Nguyen Binh Khiem?s Nom words poems are more pellucid and plainer than Nguyen Trai?s ones. Nguyen Binh Khiem is the poet who inherited successfully the achievements of Nom words in the XVth century of Vietnamese literature, which was actually the preparation for the development of Vietnamese poetry in the following century.

International marriage has received increasing attention in recent years, both from a theoretical perspective and practical research because of a concern with urgent policy issues arising from the emerging trends. The aim of this paper is to analyze the current situation and the factors affecting to the Vietnamese ? Taiwanese/Korean marriages through evaluating efficiency of socio-economics of international marriage in the context of globalization. The paper will therefore attempt to update our knowledge of the trends in international marriage in the region, categorize the kinds of international marriages taking place and their relative numerical importance in the overall international marriage picture. In addition, it will discuss factors contributing to the trends in international marriages, especially in the case of Vietnamese-Taiwanese/Korean marriages in MRD. Finally, the paper will propose some recommendations to the Government, local authorities, Vietnameses brides, and the families with a daughter as a ?foreign wife? to improve the efficiency of socio-economics and reduce risks in the international marriages.

The objective of the current research was to analyze association of C1032T polymophism of the IGFBP2 with carcass yield traits. Therefore, a total of 152 Tau Vang chickens from two different strains (CTU-LA01 and CTU-BT01) were employed for testing. During the experiment, the diet for chickens was based on commercial feed of the GreenFeed Vietnam Joint Stock Company. Actually, the C1032T genotypes were significantly associated with body length, neck length and leg weight (p

The mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas exists in the heterostructures is governed by many factors. One of them is the doping profile. The doping profile not only control the distribution of the two-dimensional electron gas but also affect their mobility. The doping is the general way to make the electron system for samples. However, the non-doping MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures also exist the high density electron gas system by their polar property. We investigate the impact of the doping profiles (uniform, modulation, and delta form) on the electron gas distributions and the mobility of the electron in the quantum wells are created by the MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures.

This article constructed the theoretical model on the sustainable development of enterprises. The research used CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis), SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) and the survey samples with 220 enterprises that are operating in Bac Lieu province to build the scale. The testing results showed that there is the suitability of the theoretical model with market information compared with the competitive model. The sustainable economy impacts in the same direction on the sustainable environment and the sustainable environment impacts in the same direction on the sustainable society. From the results the research model was accepted and the science of the sustainable development of enterprises stressed the ability to develop enterprises continuously, in long term and does not cause harmful consequences which are difficult to recover in the different fields of the socioeconomy.

Language learning strategies are critically important for English learners to enhance the activeness and self-directedness in their learning process (Oxford, 1990). In order to meet the demand from the policy of improving the English proficiency of Vietnamese learners in the 21st century, the application of language learning strategies into English classes in tertiary context is noteworthy. After researching meticulously on the Internet and in Learning Resource Center of Can Tho University (CTU, Vietnam) about the relations between different backgrounds (in terms of knowledge, academic training process, learning experience) and learning behaviors, the researchers withdrew a conclusion that there is little research in this field; thus, this current study aims at investigating the regional differences in language learning strategy uses of 409 pre-imtermediate language learners of CTU who come from 20 different regions of Vietnam.  The 50-item Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) (Oxford, 1990) was employed to examine the level of language learning strategy uses of the participants. On the basis of the findings, pedagogical implications will be suggested for teaching and learning English in CTU in the future.

Rural tourism is a term widely used in most countries around the world. Understanding the concept and the behavior of visitors is one of the factors that determine success for rural tourism program. This article presents survey results about the concept and behavior of the tourists about rural tourism in order to provide some reference for rural tourism authority and business managers.

This study was conducted for 3 months to determine the effects of different water-exchanged regimes on growth and survival rate of mangrove snail Cerithidea obtusa. The experiment comprised 6 water-exchanged treatments at different day intervals of 1 (NT1), 3 (NT2), 5 (NT3), 7 (NT4), 10 (NT5) and 15 days (NT6) and was run triplicates per treatment. Twenty juvenile snails (20 ? L ? 25mm) and twenty adult snails (L ? 30mm) were cultured together in each PVC tank (~0.8m2). Results showed that water exchanges significantly affected on survival rates of both juvenile and adult snails (p

Objective of the current work is to study an optimized protocol for the production of biodiesel through alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of Castor oil. The reaction variables used were methanol/oil molar ratio (4:1?8:1), catalyst concentration (0.25?1.50%), temperature (40?65°C) and reaction time (45-150 minutes). The biodiesel with best yield was produced at methanol/oil molar ratio, 6:1; potassium hydroxide catalyst concentration, 0.5%; mixing intensity, 500 rpm (revolutions per minute), reaction temperature, 60°C and reaction time, 120 minutes. The yield of the biodiesel produced under optimal condition was 95.84%. The quality of the biodiesel produced was evaluated by the determinations of important properties such as kinematic viscosity at 40°C, gross heating value, acid value, copper strip corrosion value at 50°C. However, kinematic viscosity at 40°C of biodiesel from Castor oil (CastorBDF) is unsuitable in pure state for its direct use as fuel in internal combustion engines. Thus, blends with reference diesel have been prepared and evaluated. The results showed that kinematic viscosity at 40°C of the blends of CastorFAME and reference diesel was satisfactory according to ASTM D6751 (1.9?6.0 mm2/s) and EN 14214 (3.5?5.0 mm2/s).

This research aims to test the correlation and assess the impact of motivation to work behavior of the office workers in Can Tho City (The office workers are an intellectual labor, working in the public and private companies) . Base on primary data collection gathered from 111 office workers in Can Tho. The results have identified five factors that affect general motivation including Trainining and promotion opportunities, Proud of organization, Supportive supervision, Feeling of being in on things, Working conditions . Three factors which affect the work behavior of office workers in Can Tho City are Trainining and promotion opportunities, Supportive supervision, Feeling of being in on things. The study also described the demographic characteristics, job tenure, job position, income per month of office workers in Can Tho City to help the managers find out the solutions to improve their employees?s motivation and  behavior at work.

Participatory vulnerability analysis (PVA) was conducted in different social groups based on economic condition and ecological context in coastal areas of the VietnameseMekongDelta. It showed that salinity intrusion, freshwater scarcity and ebb tide influences were the most important hazards and they seemed to increase in the recent years. To cope with and to adapt to such hazards the governments and local people developed many strategies and measures including dyke buildings, farming technical changes, financial supports for production recovery from disasters, underground water exploitation and income diversifications. However, the current adaptation options showed some limitations; for example, they did not fully consider the differences in terms of ecological, social and economic environment but the PVA results depicted that vulnerability of people highly depended on such the conditions. Therefore, future adaptation strategies should take into account above issues in order to benefit different social groups, especially the most vulnerable ones as the poor, Khmer and people living outside the dyke systems.

Six samples belonging to the Artocarpus genus were collected from some regions including Tien Giang, Can Tho and Ho Chi Minh. Firstly, the ploidy level of the samples was determined by Flow cytometry method. After extraction, DNA samples were used as the templates for PCR reactions which aimed at the ITS region and the matK gene using primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al., 1990) and primers matK-VF/matK-VR (Tina, 2005). These isolated fragments were sequenced, and then analysed by PAUP 4.0 program with parsimony method to generate the relative phylotree of the samples. In addition, the leaf protein was also extracted to study the genetic difference using the SDS-PAGE method. The results showed that there were three ploidy level consisting of 2n, 3n and 4n. The results obtained from ploidy analysis and ITS region depicted that H.TG, H.SG and H.CT were Artocarpus camansi while K.CT1 and K.CT2 were Artocarpus altilis, and K.TG was the hybrid between Artocarpus altilis and Artocarpus mariannensis. However, the matK region and protein profile could not distinguish species including A. altilis, A. mariannensis and the hybrid between A. altilis and  A. mariannensis.

We study the supersymetric seesaw model in a S4 based flavor model. It has been shown that at the leading order, the model yields to exact tri-bimaximal pattern of the lepton mixing matrix and zero lepton-asymmetry of the decays of heavy right-handed neutrinos. By considering the renormalization group evolution from high energy scale (GUT scale) to low energy scale (seesaw scale), the off-diagonal terms in the combination of the Dirac Yukawa-coupling matrix can be generated and the degeneracy of heavy right-handed Majorana neutrino masses can be lifted. As a result, the flavored leptogenesis successfully realized. We also investigate how the effective light neutrino mass  associated with neutrinoless double beta decay can be predicted along with the neutrino mass hierarchies by imposing experimental data on the low-energy observables. We find a link between the leptogenesis and the neutrinoless double beta decay characterized by  through a high energy CP phase, which is correlated with the low energy Majorana CP phases. It is shown that the predictions of  for some fixed parameters of high energy physics can be constrained by the current observation of baryon asymmetry (BAU).

In this study, a three-step process was developed to produce biodiesel from Calophyllum inophyllum oil. The first step, pre-treatment of feedstock with methanol was done. The second step, acid catalyzed esterification reduces the FFA (Free Fatty Acid) content of the oil to less than 2%. The final step, alkaline catalyzed transesterification process converts the products of the second step to its mono-esters and glycerol. The major factors affect the conversion efficiency of the process such as molar ratio (methanol/oil), amount of catalyst, reaction temperature and reaction duration are analyzed. It has been found that the conversion was over 90% under temperature condition of 60oC, methanol/oil mole ration of 6:1, catalyst amount (catalyst/oil) of 1%, reaction time of 2 hours and agitation speed of 600 rpm (revolutions per minute). Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical result showed that methyl oleate (C18:1) and methyl linoleate (C18:2) were the two major components of Calophyllum inophyllum oil-biodiesel (CaloBDF). The important properties of biodiesel such as gross heat combustion, flash point and kinematic viscosity at 40oC are found out and compared with that of diesel.

Imitating Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) raised by Haln et al. (2009), a study of livelihood vulnerability assessment of Tam Hai commune, Nui Thanh district, QuangNamprovince was conducted applying Participatory Research method. Result of the study shows that LVI of Tam Hai commune is decreasingly dependent on major components of livelihood strategies (M2), source of water (M3), natural disaster - climate variability (M7), socio-demographic profile (M1), social networks (M4), financial asset (M6) and health (M3) with respective values of 0,361; 0,339; 0,207; 0,146; 0,053; 0,028 and 0,011. LVI value of 0,212 indicates that livelihood vulnerability is not high and value of major components fluctuates from 0 (lowest vulnerability) to 0.4 (highest vulnerability). LVI-IPCC value of -0,004 shows that livelihood vulnerability under climate change is just at mean level. Exposure of the commune to impacts of climate change is rather high reaching value of 0,207 but ability of having effects on current health, financial asset and water is not high with value of 0,178 and local adaptive capacity about social networks, socio-demographic profile and livelihood activities is relatively good getting value of 0,229.

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of catfish by-product oil (MCT) on sow milk quality and performance of piglets. Twenty-four (Landrace x Yorkshire) sows were allocated to 4 dietary treatments (levels of MCT of 0, 3, 6 and 9%) in a randomized block design. The experiment started when the sows were within one week of farrowing, and lasted until one week after weaning which was at 28 days. Performance of sows and piglets was recorded; milk production was measured by weighing piglets before and after suckling. Increasing the level of MCT up to 9 % in the sow diets: decreased sow feed intake but increased lipid and ME intake; reduced the lactation weight loss and the interval from weaning to first estrus; increased fat content of the sow's milk and tended to increase yield and increased piglet weight gain to weaning and piglet survival. It was concluded that addition of 9% Catfish by-product oil to the sow diet improved the performance of sows and progeny by increasing the output of fat, especially unsaturated fatty acids, into the sow?s  milk.  

Rural tourism our country is quite developed, especially theCuuLongRiverDelta. However, for sustainable development, rural tourism need bebefit sharing between stakeholders in the tourism value chain. The farmers involved in tourism should be more active, to decide the sale price not just rely on the regulations of tourism companies. Research on the tourism value chain Thoi Son is a good example.

The Dalat reactor is a pool-type research reactor, which uses water as the coolant and the moderator. The present working configuration of the reactor core includes 104 fuel elements: 98 fuel HEU (Highly enriched uranium) with the enrichment of 235U of 36% and 6 fuel LEU (Low-enriched uranium) with the enrichment of 235U of 19,75%. The neutron flux charateristics of the Dalat reactor such as energy spectra, absolute neutron flux and neutron flux distribution along an irradiation channel were caculated by usingMonte CarloCode MCNP4C2. The reactor core configuration was modeled following the real one realistically. All computations were done on a personal computer with the running time about 7 days for every case.

This study aims at analyzing factors affecting to decision made by workers when choosing Hoa Phu industrial zone to work. The methods of descriptive statistics, Cronbach's Alpha test and factor analysis were used in the study. Research results showed that most of workers at Hoa Phu industrial zone are at young age, have low education level and skills. Ratio of workers coming from rural area is high and they have come to this industrial zone basing on introductions from their relatives and friends. Income of workers after working this industrial zone is much higher than before. Most of workers are satisfed with present jobs. Main factors affecting to decision making of workers when choosing Hoa Phu industrial zone are conditions of the industrial zone, relation and support, security, economic benefit and company policy.

Tho Moi movement made ??revolution in poetry, put poetry in modern period and contributed to dramatical development of poetry in the later period. Many values of Tho Moi have came back in the poetic innovation, and they have been developed by poets with new, aesthetic demands and aspirations. Many subjects, which were brought up strongly from Tho Moi period, are continued to study and explore with a new approach and new artistic awareness. Problems that the poet in the innovation period thought and concerned, always contain human spirit. That is the spirit Tho Moi tended to, and this is suitable with rules of life and art, which is a great thing.

The ABCD method is employed to analyse community assets, also partnerships that community already has with institutions, associations and new partnerships which might be useful in the process of constructing of new rural model. The study was conducted at Vinh Vien village, a pilot new ruralvillageofHau Giangprovince. Results of the study show five important elementts of community as perceived by local people, including: individuals, institutions, associations, physical assets and local economy. However, community assets has been not assessed precisely and mobilized effectively. Using of ABCD tools might help community realize their assets which are mobilized in contributing of constructing new rural model in order to limit expectation from supports of government, and external organizations.   

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of some chemicals combined with different supplementary times as pre-harvest treatments on fruit quality of wax apple. The experiment was established in CRD with 2 factorial designs: (A) control treatment (spraying water) and 8 chemical treatments (using various concentrations of CaCl2, Ethephon and KNO3) and (B) 3 applied times before harvest. The research results showed that spraying CaCl2, Ethephon and KNO3 before harvest could reduce the fruit loss weight during the storage time. The effective treatment was using 5.000 ppm CaCl2 because the fruits in this treatment could maintain the quality better up to 9 days after harvest compared to control treatment. Applying 5.000 ppm CaCl2 at 10 and 20 days before harvest could maintain the fruit firmness and reduce the influence of post harvest diseases.

From 10 samples of medicinal plants of Muong ethnic in Quang Lac commune, Nho Quan district, Ninh Binh province is used as medicine, we have determined the presence of coumarin by both chromatography thin layer method and chemical reaction of lactone group. Experimental results showed that all most of the sample may contain coumarin components or derivatives of them. Next, extractive solution from 10 medicinal plants were evaluated antibacterial activity, the results show that 8/10 species have been resistant to all 4 pathogenic bacterial strains. Of  these, two species of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. and Pterolobium integrum Craib shown resistance is very strong.

Innovation, reform and social revolution are three different concepts to show three methods making a change in different levels. This reseach gives some general theoretical issues of three concepts - innovation, reform and social revolution. Through the presentation, comparision among these concepts, the author helps readers to understand deeply and comprehensivly about relationship among them.

The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the process of building and brand development of enterprises in Can Tho city. The data of the study were collected from 115 enterprises in Can Tho city on the building and brand development, and application of analytical methods to explore factors (EFA) shows that three important factors affecting to the process of building and brand development of the business: "The ability of the management board", "Enhance competitiveness" and "Policies and laws of the State on commercial building. "In particular, factors "policies and laws of the State of branding? has the strongest effect to the process of building and brand development of the business.

Results of survey and evaluate on two local seasonal varieties of rice (?Mot Bui Lun? and ?Chin Teo?), collecting 6 lines of Mot Bui Lun and 7 lines of Chin Teo; every line collects from 1,000 to 1,200 panicles over line of two varieties in Bac Lieu, Kien Giang and Ca Mau. Every line is chosen 500 best panicles in order to choose by SDS-PAGE protein electrophoresis choosing best seeds to multiply in the net house. Applying protein electrophoresis to help for choosing seeds that have good grain quality such as low amylose content. Planting to appraise the pure set standard in fields in 2010 and appreciating productivity 6 lines for Mot Bui Lun and 7 lines for Chin Teo in Bac Lieu, Kien Giang and Ca Mau in the shrimps-rice system harvest 2011. These lines had been evaluated the brown plant hopper and blast tolerance, and grain quality. The research result has chosen Mot Bui Lun (Mot Bui Lun 3) and Chin Teo (Chin Teo 1) have high pure level, low amylose content, to resist blast disease and high yield.

During the distilation of absolute alcohol, the selection of constituent dissociation in order to change the relative evaporation of the mixture alcohol ? water is an important step. To have an appropriate constituent dissociation, it should be based on two main methods: (1) the properties of the solution which is made of constituents in the mixture and the constituent dissociation, (2) The properties of constituents in the mixture. In this research, CaO, CaSO4, C3H8O3 và Na2CO3 were selected as constituent dissociation based on the presentation in mekong delta region as well as efficiency in absolut alcohol distillation. The result showed that CaO and Na2CO3 were selected as constituent dissociation. If using CaO during alcohol distillation, alcohol concentration could achieved 99.4%. If conbined CaO and Na2CO3 together, alcohol concentration could achieve almost 100% alcohol concentration. The result of absolute alcohol concentration was confirmed by GC. The result indicates that local industry of alcohol distillation can use CaO and Na2CO3 as the mixture of constituent dissociation for distilling absolute alcohol well.       

In the field of language education, the term ?learning strategies? has drawn much attention of many researchers such as Oxford and Nyikos (1989), Aslan (2009), Nguyen & Trinh (2011). In fact, effective learning strategies are more and more provened to be the most essential tool which impulses language learners to gain more active and self-directed involvement in their learning process (Oxford, 1990). Studies in language learning strategies use and its connection/interaction with language achievement are still of interest to many researchers. Therefore, this research was conducted in order to follow the above tendency in a Vietnamese context. In this research, the data were collected from 259 non-English freshman of the School of Education and the School of Economics ? Bussiness Adminitration, Can Tho University, and the 50-item Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) (Oxford, 1990) was utilized. The study tested the above-mentioned relation by using the learners? grades at the end of this semester (2011 ? 2012) as a measurement. Basing on the analyzed result, the researchers discussed some pedagogical impicaltions for EFL teachers as well as language learners at Can Tho University.

This article constructed the theoretical model that affects spreadingly in the construction industry from the following components:the spreading effect on the economy, the spreading effect on the technology, the spreading effect on the society, the spreading effect on the environmental conservation. The qualitative method was combined with the quantitative method through the use of Cronbach alpha (a coefficient of reliability) and EFA (Exploratory factor analysis) to evaluate and adjust the scale. After that, CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis), SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). The research method used to test the measurement model and the research model, the official survey sample size is 310 samples in Soc Trang province?s market. The test results showed that there is the suitability of the theoretical model with market information, the spreading model in the construction industry will constribute to build a theoretical system on developing the construction industry in Vietnam, and Soctrang province has the basis to orient the development of the construction industry more suitably, which will make a huge spread for the economic development of the local society.

Study on the status of exploitation and management of marine fishery was carried out from April 2011 to April 2012 in three coastal districts of Soc Trang province. Objectives of the study were to determine the commercial species by different type of fishing gears; and the status of capture fisheries resources management for subtainable use in Soc Trang. The results showed that the number of fishing boats had decreased by 4% from 2001 to 2005 while the fish landing had increased by 43.5%. The fish landing increased because the fishing efforts and fishing capacity increased by 82%. However, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) decreased by 38.2%. While the result the stock of marine fishes are rapidly decreased. In term of fishing gears, four major ones were  trawl-net, gill-net, bag-net and seine-net which cover 56%; 24%; 12% and 3%, respectively. There are 36 commercial marine fish species belong to 27 families, 11 orders in which the most abundance is Perciformes (20 species), the next is Siluriformes (6 species), the other orders have 1 or 2 species. The fisheries resources management unit in Soc Trang has responsibility to monitor the local fisheries communities based on the fisheries regulations from the central local governments. However, the illegal fishing is still common, and the marine fisheries resources continue decrease in the near future. This study also prowdes some practical solutions which are suitable for the local communities in order to enhance the implementations, personal and community responsibility for sustainable use marine fishes in Soc Trang province.

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to examine a measure of supermarket service quality in Cantho city. The resuts identifies 5 dimensions with 17 attributes of a measure of supermarket service quality: products, responseness of employees, display of goods, space for shopping and the safety. The results also provides the dimensions for evaluating supermarket service quality, and solutions for service quality management of supermarket in Cantho city.