Minimally processed jackfruit is a product that not only has nutritional value but is also convenient to use. The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of pretreatment conditions on the quality and shelf-life of fresh-cut jackfruit bulbs. Box-Behnken design was employed in order to determine the optimal pretreatment parameters, including citric acid concentration (0; 0,5; 1% w/v), CaCl2 (0; 0,5; 1% w/v), and treatment time (5; 10;15 min). A second-order polynomial model was proposed with regard to the effect of independent variables on quality such as L* value, browning index, content of vitamin C, b-carotene, polyphenols, and DPPH free radical scavenging. The established models for responses showed a good fit with the experimental data (R2>0.947). From the results of response variables, the optimal pretreatment process for jackfruit bulbs were obtained 0.41% citric acid, 0.57% CaCl2 and treatment time of 10 minutes. With these optimal conditions, jackfruit bulbs can be stored in 12 days at a temperature of 4oC.

The extract derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells is a nutritional product extensively utilized in the food industry. This method employs high-temperature autolysis of yeast cells to produce safe and enhanced flavor food products. The yeast cells were activated at 50°C for 120 minutes and subsequently autoclaved at varying temperatures and durations. The cell lysate was rapidly cooled to room temperature and centrifuged to obtain the supernatant. The yeast extract was then spray-dried to produce a powdered product with a moisture content of 6.7%. The resulting yeast extract powder exhibited a protein content of 52.1%, a protein recovery efficiency of 71.28%, and an amino acid content of 3.7% when yeast cells were lysed at 115°C for 10 minutes. Sensory evaluation results indicated that when yeast extract powder was added to cabbage vegetable broth at a concentration of 0.3-0.6%, it achieved an average sensory score of 8.36-8.55 (on a 9-point scale) and was classified in the most favored group, with no statistically significant difference compared to chicken broth (p> 0.05).

A large amount of peels removed from the manufacturing process of mango products cause environmental pollution without proper treatment. This study aimed to analyze the material’s proximate compositions and properties and to obtain dietary fiber using enzyme-assisted extraction integrated with microwave (MEAE: 100÷500 W, 30÷90 s) or ultrasound (UEAE: 100÷220 W, 15 min). The results showed that Cat Chu mango peels mainly contained carbohydrates (74.13±0.47%), where there was 37.22±1.61% total dietary fiber (TDF), 11.64±1.34% soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and 25.55±0.78% insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). This material retained water and oil relatively well (7.55±0.07 and 1.64±0.08 g/g), but it isn't easy to dissolve (43.10±0.85%) and swell (2.50±0.00 mL/g). MEAE at 300 W for 90 s provided dietary fiber with a better recovery yield (18.39±0.32%) and components (71.63±1.22% TDF, 65.15±0.51% SDF and 6.48±0.70% IDF) than those of UEAE at 150 W for 15 min (17.67±0.27% yield, 64.53±0.39% TDF, 53.34±0.11% SDF and 11.18±0.5% IDF, respectively). In conclusion, Cat Chu mango peel is an abundant source of dietary fiber, which MEAE can effectively support to exploit.

This study aims to investigate the current status of the technical and financial aspects of super-intensive white-leg shrimp using lined-elevated tanks to provide information for improving efficiencies of production of this model. The study was conducted in Ca Mau province through face-to-face interviews of 60 shrimp farmers from February to October 2023. Results showed that the culture tank volume had an average of 969 m3/tank and stocking density was 186 shrimp/m3, the shrimp farm had an average of 4.18 tons/1.000 m3/crop, and the net income was 225.7 million VND/1,000 m3/crop. The rearing tank with a volume smaller than 1,000 m3 per tank had a higher shrimp yield (4.45 tons/1,000 m3/crop) compared to the larger volume group significantly (p

The research was carried out with the following objectives evaluate the influence of earthworm density and mixing ratio of organic waste as food sources for earthworms on the quality of vermicompost, effects of vermicompost on the growth of leafy vegetables (water morning glory, mustard green, choy sum), the potential usage of vermicompost to improve alkaline soil in farming. Regarding earthworm density experiment results, total C, N, P, and K contents among treatments ranged from 38.20-49.45%, 2.02-2.27%, 2.02-4.14%, and 0.36-1.65%, respectively. About the feed mixing ratio, the analysis results of treatments on total C, N, P, and K ranged from 30.40-34.55%, 2.14-2.23%, 4.38-4.85%, and 0.98-1.46%, respectively. The application of vermicompost on water morning glory, mustard greens, and choy sum cultivation has helped improve plant growth, with total yields reaching 1.52-1.60 kg/m2, respectively; 1.52-1.60 kg/m2, and 0.98-1.10 kg/m2. Leafy vegetable productivity of applied vermicompost cultivation is significantly higher than without fertilizer usage for farming but still lower than production with chemical fertilizer used. Notably, Fe2+ and Al3+ toxins in soil were reduced considerably after growing vegetables with vermicompost.

Along with climate change and the overuse of agrochemicals in agricultural practices that cause soil degradation, decline of yields and quality of agricultural products. In agricultural soils, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate root symbiosis and enhance plant growth, development and yield. The objective of the review study was to summarize the beneficial roles of AMF in improving soil nutrition, in biological control of soil borne plant pathogens, in control of abiotic environmental stresses, in heavy metal bioremediation and in mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. These research results demonstrate that AMF have beneficial activities that enhanced plants to uptake more nutrients, againsted fungal soil born plant pathogens, reduced heavy metal uptake in plant and mitigated greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, AMF group is considered as potential beneficial candidates that meet requirement for being applied for organic agricultural production.

The article presents factors affecting the adaptability of students majoring in Library and Information Management at Can Tho University in the ongoing process of digital transformation. Employing quantitative research methods, specifically a direct survey involving 150 librarianship students, the study identifies five key groups of factors that play a role in shaping students' adaptability. The findings from this research also serve as a foundation for offering practical recommendations geared towards enhancing students' adaptability during the digital transformation process, ultimately leading to increased efficiency in their learning experiences. Additionally, these research outcomes lay the groundwork for future studies, acting as a precursor to further exploration in line with the nation's aspirations for industrialization and modernization during the period of global integration.

This study aims to evaluate the anti-hyperuricemia effect of a combined 70% ethanol extract of Perilla frutescens and Orthosiphon stamineus (ratio of 1:1) using the model of potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia mice. The herbs were also tested for purity criteria, and the acute toxicity was determined using the Karber-Behrens method. The results showed that the herbs satisfied the purity criteria for purity of the herbs and met the requirements from Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia V. The extract did not show acute toxicity. The extract at doses of 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg decreased serum uric acid level by around 13% and 11% (p

One of the country‘s policies is related to the commitment at the COP 26 Conference UK with the framework commitment roadmap to bring net emissions to "0" by 2025. It t is considered to be potentially a large part of the national economy, which is the benefit derived from exploiting the carbon credit market. This not only contributes to the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions but also brings outstanding revenue to countries with advantages in agricultural production, like Vietnam. Through research, the authors found that the law related to determining the value of carbon credits and the practice of assessing the value of these credits currently reveals many shortcomings and inadequacies. The article focuses on researching and analyzing the backlog related to assessing the value of carbon credits that are presently being applied in practice. From there, a number of recommendations will be proposed to improve the legal framework on carbon credits in general and determine the value of carbon credits in particular to aim for sustainable development.

Lettuce Muir (Lactuca sativa Muir) is rich in health-promoting compounds and suitable for growing under a greenhouse condition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the type of growing substrate amended with different nutritious sources for the growth, yield, and quality of the lettuce under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted for two consecutive crops from 12/2023 to 30/2024. From the results of the vegetable growth, yield, and its qualities an across two crops, it is possible to propose the treatments including NT6 (GTSH + CPMIX + 10%NPK + DT1), NT7 (GTSH + CP04 + 10%NPK + DT2), NT 8 (GTSH + CP265 + 10%NPK + DT2) và NT9 (GTSH + CPMIX + 10%NPK + DT2) as the appropriate growing substrate for growing lettuce Muir. The plant agronomic parameters, commercial yield, the content of vitamin C and microbial population density in these treatments were significantly greater than those of the control treatments, while the content of nitrate in leaf and the percentage of biomass loss after 15-day storage of these treatments were significantly lower than those of the control treatments. The results also showed that the use of the biological growing substrate amended with beneficial bacterial isolates and with natural extract compounds for nutrient supply reduced 90% of NPK fertilizer for growing lettuce Muir under the greenhouse condition.

Ulva lactuca seaweed, harvested in Ninh Thuan, Vietnam, underwent heat treatment at 150°C for 10 minutes, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis using Celluclast® 1.5l Novozyme at 50°C for 36 hours, resulting in a release of reducing sugars equivalent to 19.76 ± 0.27 (%) of the seaweed powder's dry weight. Utilizing the resultant seaweed hydrolysate, a yeast biomass production medium was supplemented with 9% (w/v) molasses (70oBrix) and adjusted to pH 6. A 10% (v/w) inoculum of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain at a density of 1.2´106 cfu/ml was then introduced to the medium and fermented at room temperature for 72 hours with agitation at 120 rpm, yielding the highest yeast growth rate and wet yeast biomass production of 16.61 ± 0.95 (g/L). In a depuration test spanning 4 days, adult oysters cultured with yeast biomass derived from Ulva lactuca seaweed hydrolysate fermentation exhibited a remarkable survival rate of 93.43 ± 1.46 (%). They achieved the highest meat weight ratio of 26.45 ± 0.42 (%). This underscores the potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass cultured in Ulva lactuca hydrolysate as a viable food source for commercial Pacific oysters during the depuration process.

The study aims to evaluate the dietary supplementation of the extract from the green seaweed (Enteromorpha intestinalis) in nursing black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) postlarvae. The commercial feed without supplementing the extract product (0%) was considered the control diet, and the other four treatments supplemented the extract product at levels of 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9% and 1.2%. After 30 days of culture, results showed that the supplement of seaweed extract did not affect shrimp survival. Shrimp in the treatments with the addition of 0.6%, 0.9% and 1.2% seaweed extract had better results in growth performance, biomass, and eFCR compared with the control treatment (p

Red-flesh dragon fruit seeds contain high amounts of oil. n-hexane is the solvent of choice in most solvent extraction oils, although it has been graded as highly toxic and hazardous to the environment. The present study was undertaken to explore the possibility of using ethanol as a non toxic solvent in place of n-hexane. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of replacing n-hexane with ethanol for the extraction of oil from dragon fruit seed. Besides, extraction time in ethanol was determined. The results indicated that ethanol has oil extraction efficiency lower than n-hexane, however, the content of antioxidant activity content such as vitamin E, total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging were found approximately 2 times higher than n-hexane. In addition, dragon fruit seeds were extracted in aqueous ethanol for the combination of 24 hours (28-30oC) and 2 hours (45oC), helping to increase oil extraction efficiency from 49.64% (extraction time of 3 hours at 45oC) to 57.37% w/w of total fat in the seeds.

Pumpkin contains large amounts of carotenoids. Pumpkin pulp is used for direct consumption or the preparation of other foods, such as pumpkin puree. The development of canned pumpkin puree is important for high added-value products. Considering what has been mentioned above, the contents of this study were (i) to investigate the effects of blanching temperature (80, 90 and 100oC) and time (5, 6 and 7 minutes) on the quality of pumpkin; (ii) to determine the supplement of ascorbic acid concentration (0.025, 0.05 and 0.1%) and to develop sterilizing mode (121°C for 5, 7 and 9 minutes; 118°C for 20, 23 and 26 minutes; 115°C for 45, 50 and 60 minutes) to ensure the quality and safety of canned pumpkin puree. The peroxidase activity in the samples blanched at 90oC for 7 minutes and was completely inactivated. Moreover, the samples retained color, carotenoids, obtained a soft structure which was suitable for puree making. Canned pumpkin puree sterilized at 121°C for 5 minutes maintained good quality and inhibited microorganisms (e.g. Clostridium botulinum spores).

Drosophila melanogaster serves as an excellent model organism for the preliminary screening of compounds and potential medicinal herbs to treat urinary stones. This study utilized melamine as a crystal-forming agent in the Malpighian tubules of D. melanogaster, concurrently evaluating its impact on various parameters such as the life cycle, development, locomotion activity, and oxidative stress tolerance in D. melanogaster. The findings demonstrate that melamine significantly influences the life cycle, development, and mobility of D. melanogaster. Experimental analyses determined that a melamine concentration of 2 mM is optimal for inducing urinary stone crystal formation in fruit flies, with a crystal formation rate of 93.33 ± 5.77%. Additionally, pharmaceutical extracts derived from Desmodium styracifolium have exhibited notable efficacy in reducing melamine-induced urinary stone crystals. These results underscore the suitability of the urinary stone model induced by melamine in fruit flies for the initial screening of plant extracts with the potential to dissolve urinary stone crystals formed by melamine.

This research analyzes the impact of product characteristics (ownership cost, perceived quality, design style, charging time), brand reputation, and social influence on perceived value, which in turn influences consumers’ purchase intention toward electric motorcycles. The study collected data from 245 consumers in the Mekong Delta region and employed PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modeling) to test the hypothesis. Findings indicate that perceived quality, design style, brand reputation, and social influence positively affect perceived value, and perceived value plays a crucial role in driving the intention to purchase electric motorcycles. The study also reveals that ownership cost and charging time do not impact consumers’ perceived value. The current research contributes to the theoretical understanding of consumer behavior towards green transportation; furthermore, it provides managerial implications for electric motorcycle manufacturers and managers to enhance consumers’ intention to purchase electric motorcycles.

This article aims to study the effectiveness of a fresh lotus seed wrinkles peeling machine using the friction disc principle. Two operating parameters, the working time and rotating speed of the friction disc, were investigated to evaluate the influence on the performance of the fresh lotus seed wrinkles peeling machine corresponding to the immersed lotus seed in distilled water around 30 minutes before conducting the skin of peeling. Results indicate that the efficiency of the wrinkles peeling depends significantly on the working time and rotating speed. The efficiency increases from 79% to 96% as the working time increases from 4 to 7 minutes. Moreover, higher efficiency, around 98%, can be achieved by using a rotating speed of 1600 (RPM) together with the working time in 6 minutes. In addition, the high quality of the peeled wrinkles lotus seeds can be obtained with a rotating speed of 1400 (RPM) and a working time of 6 min.

The study was designed to explore gender differences in the management of fruit flies in the Mekong Delta (MD). The Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method was employed, selecting focus group discussions (FGD) and key informant interviews (KIP) to collect data in Dong Thap and Tra Vinh provinces. The data were then coded and processed according to relevant thematic clusters. The results indicate that men dominate in high-technical tasks such as the use of pesticides, while women are relegated to less technical tasks. Additionally, women in the study area face significant barriers to accessing and controlling resources, including training and financial opportunities. This division is due to gender stereotypes imposed on women, particularly Khmer women. Therefore, it is essential to implement policies that empower women and enhance their status in both cultivation and the management of fruit flies on mango trees in the MD.

Artificial intelligence is popularly applied in life. One of its application areas is e-commerce, especially for Recommender Systems (RS). RS can be used in many fields such as e-commerce, education, entertainment, etc., to predict users' "preferences" (habits/needs/...) and then provide suitable suggestions to them. In this article, we propose a method for applying artificial intelligence to the restaurant, specifically combining collaborative filtering methods and association rules for food recommendation. The system makes suggestions based on connections between users, foods, and a combination of both. Experiments on a data set collected from a real restaurant have shown that the suggestions given by the system are quite suitable. They are both general rules throughout the system and personalized for each user.

Using aquatic plants to remove nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in aquaculture wastewater is a cheap, effective, and environmentally friendly method. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are considered one of the ecological technologies with high applicability in improving the quality of polluted water in aquaculture. In the CWs system, aquatic plants play an essential role in removing N, P through the plant uptake to produce biomass. Different species have different abilities to adapt to each type of wetlands depending on the life forms of plants and have different N and P uptake potentials by plants. This article was conducted to review research on the ability of some plant species to treat aquaculture wastewater applied on CWs systems, thereby opening up directions for study and use of plants for aquaculture wastewater treatment purposes in a user-friendly approach and sustainability by increasing wastewater reuse, emissions reduction and progress towards a circular economy.

The study suggests possible solutions when applying laws on land acquisition, compensation and resettlement support to establish the Mekong Delta Agricultural Product Center. The main methods used in the research are the legal theory research method and the text analysis method to identify, explain and analyze legal regulations related to site clearance when conducting projects. judgment. Research results show that determining the scope of application of land acquisition purposes for socio-economic development for national and public benefits when implementing projects according to the 2024 Land Law is an important issue. The project's site clearance capital can apply regulations on land allocation and leases according to the schedule for implementation. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention and study the specific guiding documents of the Land Law 2024 on compensation and resettlement so that the application of these regulations when implementing projects is urgent and effective at the same time. Ensure legal rights and interests for people with land in the project area.

Objective of this research is to investigate the ability to fight acne-causing bacteria from the essential oils (EOs) of Curcuma involucrata collected from Long An province. EOs were extracted by steam distillation. Their antibacterial activity was investigated using disc diffusion and agar microdilution to determine MIC and MBC against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus in a three-compartment system. The EOs chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The EOs extraction efficiency was 0.29%. The EOs chemical composition showed the presence of at least 28 substances, of which the two main compounds were isoterpinolen (29.65%) and β-ocimen (11.60%). The EOs showed the best inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus with MIC = 0.16 µL/mL and a moderate inhibitory effect on Propionibacterium acnes with MIC = 0.63 µL/mL. Essential oils of Curcuma involucrata are suitable for cream preparations and topical effects in acne treatment because it has better antibacterial activity in the solid phase than in the vapor phase

Agricultural production consumes much energy through inputs, machinery operations, and labor investment. The study used the life cycle assessment method and the MiLCA software to quantify, evaluate, and compare sweet potato and taro farming models regarding energy consumption needs through production inputs (Megajoule-MJ). The financial performance of the two models is also analyzed. The goal of showing the level of payment due to energy consumption of the two models in different production stages has been achieved: Farmers cultivating sweet potatoes have to spend 746 VND to get 1 MJ for farming. This payment is twice as much as taro farming (360 VND/MJ). Energy investment through fertilizer production and application is essential in both farming models. Therefore, reasonable chemical fertilizers use, suitable for the plant growth stage, and avoiding wasting should be one of the priority energy-saving measures in both cultivation models.

This article aims to analyse the current situation and impact of ways to reduce the number of surplus agricultural labour in the Mekong Delta. As a result, the article advances the theoretical application of solving surplus agricultural labour. The data used in this article is secondary data from the General Statistics Office, covering the years 2011–2022. The primary methods used in the article are analysis, synthesis, and descriptive statistics. According to research findings, migration and economic restructuring have reduced 1.7 million labour, accounting for one-third of the agricultural labour force in the Mekong Delta. However, this impact is most noticeable among young labour. For the most part, the growth of the agricultural sector has kept jobs and livelihoods for the majority of agricultural labour, particularly older agricultural labour. Based on research findings, the article proposes a number of appropriate policies to accelerate the reduction of surplus agricultural labour in the Mekong Delta.

Soursop (Annona muricata L.) has become one of the favourite kinds of fruits for human beings due to its nutrition and specific flavour. Utilizing profuse raw material sources of soursop in the process of dried soursop contributes to enhancing value and diversifying soursop-derived products. In this study, various treatment conditions for producing dried soursop were explored, including blanching, immersion time, sugar concentration, and drying temperature. The results revealed that steam blanching for 2 minutes effectively inactivated peroxidase while maintaining a high vitamin C content of 112.79 mg% (dry matter) in soursop. Additionally, high water loss and good characteristics gave the best results when samples were immersed in a sugar solution of 50% for 2 hours. Subsequently, soursop was mixed with salt and chilli powder at constant concentrations, 1 and 0.1%, respectively, and then dried with hot air at 60°C for 5.5 hours to get high quality. A final product had water activity (aw) of 0.67±0.04, moisture content of 19.26±0.97%, vitamin C of 20.86±1.02 mg%, and a favorable taste score of 6.80±1.16 out of 9.

The objective of the study was to develop a foaming emulsion formula containing Citrus grandis peel essential oil and evaluate its antimicrobial activity. The study investigated the following parameters: ratio of foaming agents, type of emulsifier, ratio of emulsifier and ethanol in Smix, and the ratio of Smix to essential oil. The results showed that the ratio between the foaming agents cocamidopropyl betaine and decyl glucoside was 1:1 (w/w). The formula used 5% Citrus grandis peel essential oil with cremophor RH 40 as the emulsifier and ethanol at an amount of 7.59% and 5.10%, respectively. The resulting foaming emulsion formula was slightly opaque, had a grapefruit essential oil scent, a pH of 7.02, a density of 1.05 g/mL, and a foam density of 0.103 g/cm³. The Citrus grandis peel essential oil emulsion product had the ability to inhibit Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, with MIC of 10%, 10%, 20%, and 20%, respectively.

Cooperatives play a prominent role in the agricultural sector in both developed and developing countries. In the context of emerging economies, agricultural cooperatives are essential in promoting rural economies, but also face numerous challenges. This study examines the influence of the legal framework, financial management, and collective action on the sustainability of agricultural cooperatives in Vietnam. Qualitative research methods are employed, including a theoretical overview, analysis of legal texts, and case studies. The results indicate that the legal and policy framework plays a positive role in cooperative development, but effective implementation in practice is crucial. Effective financial management strategies and collective action lead to significant socio-economic benefits. The study proposes recommendations for improving policies, cooperative governance, and building internal capacity.

The research developed silk fibroin nanoparticles for the delivery of vitamin K1. The blank nanoparticles, formulated by the solvent exchange method, possessed an optimal size of 361 nm at a fibroin:EtOH ratio of 1:5 v/v. The optimal vitamin K1-loaded nanoparticles were obtained by the co-condensation method, with a size of 702 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 35%, corresponding to an initial loading value of 3 mg. The interactions of the components in the system were analyzed using FT-IR spectra, which revealed typical peaks of fibroin and vitamin K1. The release efficiency of the particles formulated by the adsorption and co-condensation method was 92.17% and 90.08%, respectively. Furthermore, the nanoparticles could protect vitamin K1 in basic, acidic, and oxidizing conditions twice better than the free vitamin K1. In conclusion, the study successfully formulated vitamin K1-loaded fibroin nanoparticles that could be a potential pharmaceutical.

The Mekong Delta region is home to a rich and unique collection of artefacts, encompassing a wide variety of categories such as culture, history, art, religion, folklore, and more. Currently, these artefacts have been digitized on websites and in simulation applications to facilitate easy access. However, the number of such applications is small compared to the vast quantity of artefacts and artefacts stored in museums throughout the Mekong Delta. This study aims to develop a technological solution for constructing 3D models of artefacts using 3D scanning techniques with LiDAR sensors on mobile devices, followed by the display of these artefacts on websites and smartphones through AR Vuforia. Additionally, this research evaluates the impact of the artefact materials on the 3D scanning process. It proposes a solution to reduce the 3D artefact size by 60% to 80% using Error Quadrics while still ensuring quality display on websites. This approach opens new avenues for constructing online museums for the region as well as for the whole of Vietnam.

A multi-head weighing system is considered a fast and accurate weighing solution and is widely used in many fields. However, the investment cost for this weighing system is quite high, so it is difficult to apply to small and medium companies. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and be proactive in designing and manufacturing a multi-head weighing system. This study presents the design and manufacturing of an entire multi-head weighing system from hardware to software to weigh products weighing about 1 kg. The system was tested by weighing the mass of lima beans with an error of about 1%. In addition, a touchscreen with an intuitive interface was designed to control and monitor the weighing system. The research results show that the multi-head weighing system has been successfully designed and tested. This makes it easier for small and medium companies to design and build their own fast and accurate weighing system.

Tran Bao Dinh is a writer about Southern ecology with a large number of works covering Southern animals and the surrounding habitats that create the region's typical landscape. Outstanding among the writer's creative tasks is the plot structure as an ecological language to send optimal messages about the lives of plants and animals on the land after passing through the years. The work is like a mirror looking back at the development and wilderness basis of Southern ecology with diverse knowledge about each species: knowledge about living habits, knowledge about agriculture, etc. The purpose of articles is to portray the ecological environment through memories of literary works. At the same time, the shop's voice speaks from the "green" echo, carrying linguistic messages, aiming to have opening tips for the formation and advice to strongly enhance the sustainable development of the river region in its own unique environment.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of substituting jackfruit leaves silage for fresh Elephant grass on in vitro digestibility, ruminal fermentation and methane (CH4) production using ruminal fluid from dairy Saanen crossbred goats. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized model with 5 treatments (T), which were the substitution of fresh Elephant grass with silage jackfruit leaves at levels of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% DM, corresponding to LMU0, LMU25, LMU50, LMU75, and LMU100, respectively. Increasing the rate of jackfruit leaves silage increased the proportion of acetate and reduced the proportion of propionate (P