A on-station trial was conducted in the experimental farm of Can tho University to evaluate effect of using Trichanthera gigantea (T. gigantea) leaf meal in the diets on Luong Phuong chicken performance from 5 to 12 weeks of age. 240 Luong Phuong chickens at 4 weeks of age were allocated completely randomized design with four treatments corresponding to four Trichanthera gigantea leaf meal levels: 0% (BTG0), 1% (BTG1), 3% (BTG3), 5% (BTG5) in basal diet and three replications. The results showed weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were non-significantly different (p> 0.05) for chicken fed diets with various levels of T. gigantea leaf meal. However, cost of feed/ kg gain was reduced according to increasing T. gigantea leaf meal in the diets. Some targets such as carcass, thigh and breast percentages had no difference between treatments. However abdominal fat of the chickens tended to decrease with increasing of T.gigantea leaf meal levels in their diets. The chemical compositions in thigh muscle and breast muscle of chicken in treatments were not different (p> 0.05) except EE content in breast muscle of chicken in treatments using T.gigantea leaf meal were higher than that of control  (p< 0.05). Replacing to 5% T. gigantea leaf meal level on basal diet was reduced cost of feed but not affected performance and carcass quality of Luong Phuong chicken.

Twenty seven strains of black fungi isolated from the peels of citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, grapefruits), apples and figs, and 2 control strains grew  on casein agar (0.5 % glycerol, 0.3 % yeast extract, 0.5 % NaCl, 2% agar and 1 % casein w/v at pH 5) to evaluate their proteolytic activities. The results showed that those strains could efficiently secrete protease when they grew on casein agar. Among these isolates, 4 strains (namely N1, R1, R4, Sa2 which were isolated from the peels of Citrus lemon -“chanh num”, Citrus maxima - “Nam Roi” pomelo and Citrus nobilis - “cam sanh”) were screened based on the average clear zone diameters (d) which were larger than 10 mm, and the ratio of clear zone diameters (d) to colony diameter (D) ranging from 0.62-0.65. The highest protease activity (1.26 ± 0.16 U/mL) was observed when the combination of 2 strains Sa2 and R4, with the ratio of 1:3 respectively, fermented for 2 days in liquid culture, using Czapeck Dox with 1% casein as substrate. The identification by sequencing of 28S rRNA gene revealed that 2 selected isolates, Sa2 and R4, had 99 ÷ 100% identity to Aspergillus niger.

Every year, there are thousands of tons of livestock and poultry hair waste that have not been processed in Vietnam. The keratin is the main structural component of animal hair quite hard to decompose in nature. The aim of this study was to isolate and screen keratin degrading bacteria from waste samples collected from animal slaughter-house. These samples were serially diluted and plated on pig-hair-containing medium for isolating and screening of efficient hair-degrading bacteria. The forty seven isolates showed their animal-hair-degrading ability with most of them presented white color colonies were selected. All isolates got keratinase with azokeratin substrate reaction at 50oC for 15 minutes. Strain Kr42 had the highest keratinase activity with 114.3 U/ml. The isolates designated as Kr11, and Kr45 revealed significant differences among differentials with the highest rates as 37.66% and 29.41%, respectively in animal-hair-degrading ability. In feather-containing medium, Kr45 was the best with 72.79% of degrading rates. Bergey’s method and the modern method of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate Kr11 was closely related to Bacillus flexus and the isolate Kr45 was closely correlated to Bacillus megaterium.

The main objectives of this work were: (a) to compare the inactivation mechanisms and (b) to discuss similarities and differences in the adaptation and mutation behaviours of two bacterial model systems (Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens) under a Pulsed Light (PL)-induced stress. When adaptation ability was investigated, firstly cells were exposed to sublethal PL doses (2×10-5 or 0.06 J.cm-2) and then submitted to a lethal PL treatment of 0.3 or 0.5 J.cm-2. Antibiotic resistance assays were carried out on bacterial suspensions in exponential growth phase in order to determine their mutagenic ability. For that, the effect of three PL lethal doses (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 J.cm-2) was investigated. Experimental results showed that a low-energy PL dose (0.06 J.cm-2) was sufficient to produce B. subtilis adaptation, leading to an enhanced resistance to a subsequent lethal treatment. Conversely, P. fluorescens was not able to adapt to sublethal PL doses and more, 1 log additional microbial reduction was found when applying a lethal treatment. Applying a 0.2 J.cm-2 PL dose strongly increased the number of P. fluorescens resistant mutants compared to non-treated cells, while the mutation frequency was not modified for B. subtilis. As a conclusion, this study showed that these two highly adaptable Gram negative and positive bacteria have developed different behaviour as a response to low-energy PL.

This study was aimed to propose solutions for enhancing the women’s role in participating the scientific and technical training of rice production in Can Tho city, particularly in O Mon and Thoi Lai districts. The survey was conducted by interviewing 120 farmers attending and not attending training classes under gender-disaggregated data. Results indicated that women are low in education level, less experience in production, spent more time for taking care of their children as well as for other economic activities. As a result, they had less opportunities to participate in the training classes. Therefore, in order to enhance training opportunities for women, local organisations should strengthen links in gender communication at the commune; extension centers need to combine trainings with economic efficiency, and women need to be more active in improving their knowledge and self-confidence by training participation.

The efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer use ranged about 10-25% during the first growing season because Fe2+ and Al3+ ions fixed phosphate ions under low pH conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of phosphorus fertilizer rates and phosphorus application blended with DCAP on rice growth and yield of the wet season crop on acid sulphate soil areas in Hon Dat, Phung Hiep and Hong Dan districts. The on-farm research has been conducted in three farmer’s fields of each district. The treatments included (i) without phosphorus application; (ii) with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1; (iii) with 30 kg P2O5 ha-1and (iv) application of DCAP (2‰) coated on 30 kg P2O5 ha-1. Results showed that there were no response on rice growth in Hon Dat, Hong Dan soils and yield to applied phosphorus fertilizer at the three experimental sites. However, in case of phosphorus blended with DCAP at 30 kg P2O5 ha-1, the increased height, panicle per m2 and yield of rice in Phung Hiep has been recorded, equivalent to application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1. It is needed to study the effects of phosphorus application blended with DCAP on the solubility of soil phosphate and P uptake of rice.

Research was conducted to evaluate the effect of steel slag fertilizer on change of some chemical soil properties and improvement of rice yields on Hoa An and Binh Son acid sulfate soils. The experiment was a completely randomized design on Hoa An soil with 4 treatments including the control, 3,0 tons/ha, 6,0 tons/ha steel slag fertilizer and 3,0 tons/ha lime; while on Binh Son soil with 6 treatments including the control, 1,5 tons/ha, 3,0 tons/ha, 6,0 tons/ha, 9,0 tons/ha steel slag fertilizer and 1,5 tons/ha lime. Results showed that in Hoa An soil, the concentration of Ca2+ and soil pH increased, rice plants grew well and rice yield increased as compared to the control treatment. Lime was shown more effective than the steel slag fertilizer. Mixing of steel slag fertilizer into the soil of Hoa An gave higher number of shoots/hill, grains/panicle, percentage of filled grains and rice yield was significantly higher than those of surface application. In Binh Son soil, the use of steel slag fertilizer showed the improvement of soil chemical properties, e.g. increasing concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, reducing toxicity; soil pH was improved leading to rice plants growing well, increasing plant height, number of ears/panicle, filled grains/panicle and increasing rice yields as compared to the control treatment and the lime treatments. Mixing steel slag fertilizer into the soil of Binh Son showed a significant difference as compared to that of surface application, e.g. higher  number of shoots/hill, grains/panicle, percentage of filled grains and rice yield.

To identify suitable practices and increase income for farmers growing Huyet Rong variety at Vinh Hung district, Long An province, three experiments were carried out from August 2013 to June 2014. In experiment 1, rice plants at seeding rate of 50 kg.ha-1 produced higher number of tillers, grains per panicle, panicles per square meter, and yield than sowing with 90kg/ha. In experiment 2, the treatment of Comcat 150WP created bigger diameter of the 4th and 5th internodes from top (7.5 mm), limited lodging, and higher yields (2.8 tons.ha-1) comparing to Super Canxi and Super Kali treatments. In experiment 3, the treatment of organic fertilizer 0.6 tons.ha-1 + N,P,K (50N-40P2O5-30K2O kg.ha-1) attained the highest yield (3.3 tons.ha-1), high proportion of white rice (72%), long grains (6.8 mm) and low amylose content (15%) compared with other treatments. From the above results, application of low seed rate (50 kg.ha-1), organic (0.6 tons.ha-1) with balancing inorganic fertilizers (50N-40P2O5-30K2O kg.ha-1) and Comcat 150PW may improve quality and get better income for farmers growing Huyet Rong rice variety at Vinh Hung-Long An province.

The objective of study was to identify the actinomycete isolates, as a basis for further research, contributing in applications of actinomycetes as biocontrol agents for bacterial leaf blight disease on rice. Eight actinomycete isolates were capable in inhibiting Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae isolated from the rice fields in the Mekong Delta provinces. In the experiment of culture traits, biochemical characteristics, physiological characteristics and sequence analysis, the RNA sequence of bacterial 16S-rRNA gene has been sequenced and compared with the genome of Streptomyce species have been identified in GenBank. The results showed that the isolates: CT1 had 99% similarity with Streptomyces kanamyceticus, CT5 had 99% similarity with Streptomyces morei, HG37 had 100% similarity with Streptomyces bacillaris, ST10 and ST12 had 98% similarity with Streptomyces campoamus isolate, VL4 showed 100% similarity with Streptomyces lipmanii, VL10 had 99% similarity with Streptomyces bikiniensis and VL-TO21 had 99% similarity with Streptomyces ostreogriseus.

To evaluate the effect of spent coffee ground, milled egg-shells and a mixture including used coffee ground and milled egg-shells (ratio of 1:1 (w/w)) on growth, yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum) and some soil chemical and biological properties under greenhouse conditions, an experiment was conducted in the greenhouse for 3 months with four replicates. The soil sample in this study was collected from the shallot farm which has been intensively cultivated for more than 30 years at Vinh Chau, Soc Trang province. Each single organic material was applied at one level of 5% (w/w). The mixture was applied at 2 levels: 10 and 20%. Treatment without any addition was considered as the control treatment and a commonly recommended fertilizer application rate for shallot was used as a reference treatment. Results showed that the highest yield of shallot was found in the treatment 3 amended with 5% used coffee ground + 10% of the locally recommended NPK fertilizer dose for shallot and the treatment 5 amended with 10% of the mixture. The fresh weight of shallot in these two treatments was 47.98 and 44.41 gr/pot, respectively. Moreover, soil pH and numbers of the bacterial and fungal cells in soils were enhanced considerably when amended with these two organic materials.

Study on cultivation of sea grape (Caulerpa lentillifera) in tank with different forms of seed stock and substrates consisted of two experiments. Experiment 1, two types of seed stock consisting of the intact thallus (erected fronds and horizontal stolon) and the horizontal stolon (thallus was cut all erected fronds) was cultivated in the 70 L plastic rectangular tank with sandy bottom. Each treatment had 3 replicates. Water from the tiger shrimp larval tanks (salinity of 30 ppt) was used as nutrient source for sea grape. After 2 weeks of cultivation, the horizontal stolon had significantly higher (p

This study was conducted in 2 months to evaluate the effects of different substrates on growth, survival rate and production of black apple snail, Pila polita during grow- out phase. The experiment was arranged with three different substrates as followed: 1). Control (without substrates, DC); 2). Nylon bunches (NL) and 3). Water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes, LB) and three replicates were run for each treatment. Juvenile snails with mean initial weight of 0.73g to 0.75 gwere released into each plastic tank (250 L) at the stocking density of 100 snails per tank. After 60 days, survival rate of snails were not significantly different among treatments (P>0.05). However, shell height (32.24 ± 3.90 mm), shell width (23.78 ± 2.16 mm) and total weight (7.53 ± 0.23 g) of snails in the water hyacinth treatment were higher than those in other treatments (P

This study was carried out through direct interview 65 tiger shrimp-rice (TSR) rotation farmers and 62 white leg shrimp-rice (WSR) rotation farmers in An Minh, An Bien, Vinh Thuan and U Minh Thuong, Kien Giang province from September to December 2014. The result showed that TSR farm area (1.66 ha/farm) larger than WSR farm area (1.37 ha/farm) but water level on the flatform was lower respectively 0.52 m and 0.57 m. Shrimp seed size of TSR was larger (PL16) than that in WSR (PL11.9) but stocking density and stocking time were lower (7.8 ind/m2 and 3.49 times) than that in WSR (13.4 ind/m2/cropand 3.74 times/crop). Pellet feeds were supplied for TSR (89.2% household) and WSR (95.5% household), FCRs were 0.45 and 0.67, respectively. First harvest in TSR system was longer (125 days) than in WSR (100 days), harvest sizes were 32.3 and 72.7 inds/kg, respectively. Survival rate and yield of TSR (13.1% and 320 kg/ha/crop) was lower than in WSR (33.0% and 632 kg/ha/crop). Investment cost in WSR was 51.3 VND million, higher 1.89 time compared to TSR and profit was 36.1 and 44.4 VND million/ha/crop, respectively (benefit/cost were 0.66 and 1.65 times). Economic lost household ratio in WSR (22.6%) was higher than in TSR (7.7%). In addition, effective factors on yield and profit of the two farming systems were analysed in this study.

Study on cage traps was conducted from May to December 2014 in two coastal districts of Ca Mau province such as Tran van Thoi and Phu Tan districts. It was interviewed with 40 households conducting cage traps with main contents such as technical and financial aspects, advantages and disadvantages. Results showed that the ship was average capacity of 54.1 CV and tonnage of 25.3 tons/vessel. The average of yield was 12.8 tons/vessel/year. With total cost was 4.78 millions VND/trip, fishermen got net return of 2.03 millions VND/trip and benefit ratio of 1.31. Difficulties of cage traps were bad weather, low price and dereasing aquatic resources. Cage traps were role important for coastal livelihoods, the main source of income for their families, creating jobs for local people.

The study aims to assess awareness, influence and solution of the farmer in the rice - shrimp model due to the impact of climate change by interviews 99 farmers in Soc Trang (My Xuyen: 32), Bac Lieu (Phuoc Long: 34) and Ca Mau (Tran Van Thoi: 33) provinces. The information was collected such as of production efficiencies, the solutions of adopted in the past and the future due to the climate change such as the change of rainy season, rainfall, temperature, salinity and water levels of tide. The results show that the rice – shrimp system had an average of 0.4 ton/ha/crop shrimp yield resulted in 24.2 million VND/ha/crop net income with the ratio of net-loss as 9.1%; and an average of 5.2 ton/ha/crop rice yield resulted in 16.5 million VND/ha/crop net income with the ratio of net-loss as 8.1%. Almost farmers (90%) had awareness of climate change and impact of that in the past and future. The farmers selected solution of scientific techniques applying (70.1 – 95.5%) more than the others (p

To help students get  the understanding about the values of cultural heritages in general, and of intangible cultural heritages in particular, thereby preserving heritages with a sense of students, and contributing to promoting the teaching methodology innovation to diversify the teaching history methods in high schools in the Mekong Delta. Within the scope of this article, we would like to mention the roles of intangible cultural heritages in locality and the ability to apply them into teaching Vietnamese history for Grade 11 in the high schools in the Mekong Delta regions, which aims to improve the quality of teaching and learning history in the current schools.

Teaching with analogical reasoning is an effective teaching strategy in teaching mathematics. Therefore, this method is being studied and applied in teaching of specific subjects in mathematics curriculum at high schools. Studying the lessons of teachers helps understand actual situations and how they use analogy. So, in the article, we analyzed how to use analogy in coordinate method in space in five lessons of mathematics teachers at high schools in the Mekong Delta. And the results of the study showed that teachers had used analogical reasoning to help students to review previous knowledge, to motivate them, and to help them construct new knowledge.

Integral concept is an important concept of calculus. The understanding the thought of the integral was split; the concepts such as "partition", “sum” and “limit switch” contributed to the understanding meanings of this concept. But according to the current curriculum of Vietnam, the secondary school students have not known them. By analyzing the integral concept in James Stewart's Calculus textbooks (seventh edition), we proposed a lesson plan to teach ideas of integral defined as the limit of a Riemann sums through presenting a situation of calculating curved trapezoidal area for secondary school students. This study may contribute little to make reference to develop new curriculum and textbooks after 2015. We carried out a experimental teaching with Grade 11 students in Tay Do secondary school, Hau Giang province. The experimental sessions were held at the end of academic year of Grade 11 after students had completed the limit chapter. After the experimental teaching, the results showed that secondary school’s students could acquire this idea.

The study is the combination of theoretical research and practical survey methods to analyse current situations to establishing and using coursewares in teaching at Cantho University and School of Education. The study results showed that a courseware with movies, photos, diagrams, and self-study exercises is a tool to develop self-study competency for pedagogy students. However, most coursewares formats at the Learning Resource Center and DOKEOS of Can Tho University are in PDF froms (switch from printed textbooks into coursewares), which do not meet the requirements to teaching and learning with credit –based system. Only 21.4% of teachers use coursewares to their teaching at DOKEOS. Based on this situation, the author would propose the establishing process and solutions to using coursewares to enhance self-study competency for  Can Tho University’s pedagogy students.

Reflection, especially its impacts on professional development of teachers has captured attention of a growing number of researchers (Dewey, 1933; Schon, 1983; Zeichner and Liston, 1996; Moon, 2001; Klentschy, 2005; Marland, 2006; Larrivee & Cooper, 2006). Reflection is accredited as an essential component in the standards for teachers of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. However, in Vietnam, reflection has maintained an unexplored area and a novel concept. Apparently, the concept of reflection has never been addressed in Standards for Secondary and High School Teachers of Vietnam. From literature review of previous studies, our ultimate goals are to support educational managers and stakeholders of teacher education in mastering the core values of reflection. In this paper, we would present three issues: (1) what reflection is, (2) the impacts of reflection on teachers’ professional development, (3) lessons for teacher education in Vietnam.

From 16th century to 18th century, Southern lands welcomed many people as Vietnamese, Chinese, Khmers, Chams to settle here. A long process of ethnic phenomenon caused the culture’s exchanges and acculturation. The Vietnamese people and Vietnamese culture became the basic factor of the Southern culture. In other words, the Vietnamese people, the subject of the cultures, had impact on the cultures of other peoples, the objectivity. The exchanges of acculturation among ethnic groups in the South were expressed through cultural valued material and intangible cultures.

This paper reports a recent genre-based investigation into the move structure in a corpus of 30 empirical research article introductions (RAIs) published in high impact factor English-medium applied linguistic journals between 2011 and 2013. All of the research articles were written by native speakers of such countries as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK, and the USA. The analytical tool is Swales’ CARS 1990 framework. Consistent with numerous other findings, the current corpus-based research results confirm the validity of the CARS 1990 model in capturing the move structure of RAIs at the move tier.

In addition to ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC) and ASEAN Soico-cultural Community (ASCC), ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is an integral pillar of the envisaged ASEAN Community 2020. AEC is about to be established in late 2015 in order to make ASEAN a single market and production base, a competitive economic region, equitable economic development, and integration into the global economy. AEC, therefore, is believed to comprehensively and deeply influence socio-economy of its all member countries. In this paper, the author firstly presents the understanding of AEC 2015 and its objectives and targeting benefits. The paper then identifies possible opportunities and advantages resulted from the community’s establishment. It concludes with a critical assessment on in what ways the ASEAN countries may be challenged by negative impacts posed by the AEC – a regionalizing process that has captured the increasing attention from other superior economies, including the US, China, EU, Japan, and elsewhere.

Reclaiming and marking the Long Ho Countryseat not only studies about the 300 year history of the Southern part of Vietnam in relation to taking shape and developing, but also heightens human awareness and honour of all Vietnamese drifting generations in Long Ho Estate in the first time. In addition, Long Ho Countryseat is located in the central of the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam with the potential in agricultural development; therefore, Long Ho can be considered the connection area between My Tho and Ha Tien trading zones of the Chinese ethnic group (the Vietnamese of Chinese origin) in order to develop the commodity economy in the Southern part during XVII-XVIII centuries. Thus, the research on “Long Ho Countryseat and its roles in connecting economy of the Mekong Delta region in Vietnam during the Lord Nguyen period” will contribute to specifying economic potentials as well as orienting socio-economic developments in Vinh Long province in specific and in the Mekong Delta region in general.

This essay interprets the beginning to take shape and the development of Tu Luc van doan novel which is considered to be an aesthetic comportment to satisfy aesthetic predilection of the youth from 1930 to 1945. The correlativeness of the youth’s aesthetic predilection and the renovation of novel poetics of Tu Luc van doan are important elements which  contributes to the development of literature in general and genre of novel in particular in the period of 1930-1945 of the modern Vietnamese literature.

One of the greatest writers of postmodern literature was Coetzee. Referring to him, the readers immediately think of  his famous novels such as “Waiting for Barbarians”, “The Life and Times of Michael K.”, “Disgrace” and so on Particularly, bringing him with a lot of glory towards “ Disgrace “was Booker Prize (the second time) and Literature Nobel Prize  in 2003 With “Disgrace”, Coetzee once again confirmed his mastery ability in using techniques of postmodern literature as fragments, the open endings and so on, especially, multitextuality, a specific technique of postmodern literature, was used thoroughly to convey humanitarian messages.

Communication skill is meaningful and important to perfrom a person’s maturity. The research was conducted from October 2013 to investigate the communication perceptions and skills of (Can Tho University) CTU students used both qualitative and quantitative methods including observation, in-depth interviews, semi-structure interviews etc. The results showed that CTU students highly demanded on communication and these attitudes differed according to different groups of students in majors, genders, years of study, and family wealth status. In addition, based on the results of students’ self-reflection, the research analysed proposed strategies for improving students’ communication skills.

To explore factors influencing the quality of tourism services of Bac Lieu province, we conducted a survey of 400 tourists using questionnnaires. The methods of data analysis comprised Descriptive Statistics, Bivariate Correlate, Scale Reliability, Exploratory Factors and Multiple-items Linear Regression Analysis. The results indicated that the quality of tourism services was significantly correlated to the level of satisfaction, intention of return and tour marketing. The four factors that influenced the quality of tourism services were “Reliability-responsiveness-assurance-empathy”, “Infrastructure and supplemental activities”, “Facilities and supplemental services” and “Security and safety”, in which the last was the most influence factor.

Women play an importatnt in socio-economic development particularly agriculture and rural sectors. Evaluating women roles in agriculture helps reveal demands for capacity improvement as well as enhancing women resource in agriculture and rural development, which contributes to local socio-economic development. This study was undertaken in the An Giang and Kien Giang provinces aiming to evaluate particular traits and roles of the rural women in agricultural production. Moreover, women roles were determined through ratio of women participation and decision making on family and social activities as well as in agricultural and non-agricultural production activities. Techniques included Key Informant Panel (KIP), Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and household interviews were applied in this study. The study results showed that women participated in agricultural production were in middle-age and at poor education. Women in the study areas had limited opportunities in capacity building such as chances to participate in training courses, farmers’ field days, and local workshops. In contrast, women had directly participated and impacted on activities including social, agricultural production and family activities. Rural women in the study areas not only played an important role in agricultural production, but also in social activities and household management.

Essay genres have contributed many valuables to Vietnamese modern prose. Essays are being taught at the high school level in the sense that these pages gives students more than aesthetic feelings (The ferryman Song Da - Nguyen Tuan, Who was named for the river? - Hoang Phu Ngoc Tuong). However, the actual research showsedthat understanding the meaning of the term "essay" and approach characteristics of essay  - was  inadequate, and inconsistent. The content of this article has focused on semantic aspects of the term "essay", both in terms of the original meanings and practice writings; at the same time, contributing to identifying the characteristics category to be able to distinguish essays with other types of prose.