Molecular evidence of hybrids between Pangasius krempfi and Pangasius mekongensis cultured in the Mekong Delta
and
Article Sidebar
Full Text: 
PDF
Abstract
This study was aimed to verify whether or not hybrids between Pangasius krempfi (Pk) and Pangasius mekongensis (Pm) are being raised in some farms. Fish samples of two species and four fingerlings from several households were analyzed for the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear gene Rhodopsin (Rho). Results based on COI showed that there were three suspect fish samples (L1, L2 and L3) whose mother was Pm and one sample (L4) whose mother was Pk with 100% similarity to the maternal species. The Rho gene had seven variable sites (among 766 bp) between Pk and Pm. The four hybrid samples had two nucleotides of the two species overlapping in the above seven sites, proving that they were hybrids of the two species. The combination results from the two genes showed that L1, L2 and L3 were hybrids ♀ Pm x ♂ Pk, L4 was a hybrid ♀ Pk x ♂ Pm. Thus, artificial hybridization between the two fish species is occurring and this issue needs to be further studied to evaluate the impacts of hybrids on aquaculture and aquatic resources.
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu nhằm kiểm chứng có hay không con lai giữa cá bông lau và tra bần đang được nuôi ở một số nông hộ. Mẫu cá của hai loài và bốn mẫu cá giống từ một số hộ dân được phân tích gen ty thể Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) và gen trong nhân Rhodopsin (Rho). Kết quả dựa trên COI cho thấy có 3 mẫu cá nghi ngờ (L1, L2 và L3) có mẹ là tra bần và một mẫu (L4) có mẹ là bông lau với mức độ tương đồng với loài mẹ 100%. Gen Rho có bảy vị trí khác biệt (trong 766 bp) giữa bông lau và tra bần. Bốn mẫu con lai đều có hai nucleotide của hai loài trùng lắp nhau ở bảy vị trí trên, chứng tỏ chúng là con lai của hai loài. Kết quả kết hợp từ hai gen chứng tỏ L1, L2 và L3 là con lai ♀ tra bần x ♂ bông lau, L4 là con lai ♀ bông lau x ♂ tra bần. Như vậy, việc lai tạo giữa hai loài cá đang xảy ra và vấn đề này cần được nghiên cứu để đánh giá tác động của con lai đến nguồn lợi thủy sản.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Baird, I. (1996). Khone falls fishers. Catch and Culture: Mekong Fisheries Network, 2(2), 1–3. http://www.mekonginfo.org/assets/midocs/0001824-biota-khone-falls-fisheries.pdf.
Ballard, J. W. O., & Whitlock, M. C. (2004). The incomplete natural history of mitochondria. Molecular Ecology, 13(4), 729–744. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.02063.x
Bohling, J. H. (2016). Strategies to address the conservation threats posed by hybridization and genetic introgression. Biological Conservation, 203, 321–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.011
Bucklin, A., Steinke, D., & Blanco-Bercial, L. (2011). DNA barcoding of marine metazoa. Annual Review of Marine Science, 3, 471–508. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-080950
Chen, W.-J. J., Miya, M., Saitoh, K., & Mayden, R. L. (2008). Phylogenetic utility of two existing and four novel nuclear gene loci in reconstructing Tree of Life of ray-finned fishes: the order Cypriniformes (Ostariophysi) as a case study. Gene, 423(2), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2008.07.016
Chen, W. J., Bonillo, C., & Lecointre, G. (2003). Repeatability of clades as a criterion of reliability: A case study for molecular phylogeny of Acanthomorpha (Teleostei) with larger number of taxa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 26(2), 262–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00371-8
Collins, R. A., Armstrong, K. F., Meier, R., Yi, Y., Brown, S. D. J., Cruickshank, R. H., Keeling, S., & Johnston, C. (2012). Barcoding and border biosecurity: Identifying cyprinid fishes in the aquarium trade. PLoS One, 7(1), e28381. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028381
Duong, T. Y., Scribner, K. T., Kanefsky, J., & Na-Nakorn, U. (2017). Lack of introgressive hybridization by North African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in native Vietnamese bighead catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) populations as revealed by novel nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Aquaculture, 473, 468–477. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.03.007
Duong, T. Y. (2015). Differentiation of two Clarias species (Clarias macrocephalus and C. gariepinus) and their hybrids based on PCR-RFLP analysis. Journal of Sciences & Development, 13(6), 904–912.
Ewing, B., & Green, P. (1998). Base-calling of automated sequencer traces using phred. II. Error probabilities. Genome Research, 8(3), 186–194. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.8.3.186
Fitzgibbon, J., Hope, A., Slobodyanyuk, S. J., Bellingham, J., Bowmaker, J. K., & Hunt, D. M. (1995). The rhodopsin-encoding gene of bony fish lacks introns. Gene, 164(2), 273–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(95)00458-I
Gigliarelli, L., Caldelli, A., Morozzi, G., Giannetto, D., Panara, F., Lorenzoni, M., & Lucentini, L. (2013). Nuclear PCR-RFLP detects the brook chub, Squalius lucumonis (Leuciscinae: Cyprinidae), and related hybrids with other cyprinid species. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80(3), 462–465. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2013.787462
Hashimoto, D. T., Prado, F. D. Do, Senhorini, J. A., Foresti, F., & Porto-Foresti, F. (2013). Detection of post-F1 fish hybrids in broodstock using molecular markers: Approaches for genetic management in aquaculture. Aquaculture Research, 44(6), 876–884. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2012.03092.x
Hashimoto, Mendonça, Fernandes, Senhorini, Bortolozzi, Oliveira, D., Foresti, F., Porto-Foresti, Hashimoto, D. T., Mendonça, F. F., Senhorini, J. A., Bortolozzi, J., de Oliveira, C., Foresti, F., & Porto-Foresti, F. (2010). Identification of hybrids between Neotropical fish Leporinus macrocephalus and Leporinus elongatus by PCR-RFLP and multiplex-PCR: Tools for genetic monitoring in aquaculture. Aquaculture, 298(3–4), 346–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.11.015
Hebert, P. D. N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S. L., deWaard, J. R., & DeWaard, and J. R. (2003). Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings. Biological Sciences / The Royal Society, 270(1512), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2218
Hogan, Z. S., Baird, I. G., Radtke, R., & Vander Zanden, M. J. (2007). Long distance migration and marine habitation in the tropical Asian catfish, Pangasius krempfi. Journal of Fish Biology, 71(3), 818–832.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01549.x
Ivanova, N. V., Zemlak, T. S., Hanner, R. H., & Hebert, P. D. N. (2007). Universal primer cocktails for fish DNA barcoding. Molecular Ecology Notes, 7(4), 544–548. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01748.x
Lara, A., Ponce de León, J. L., Rodríguez, R., Casane, D., Côté, G., Bernatchez, L., & García-Machado, E. (2010). DNA barcoding of Cuban freshwater fishes: Evidence for cryptic species and taxonomic conflicts. Molecular Ecology Resources, 10, 421–430. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02785.x
Larmuseau, Larmuseau, M. H. D., Huyse, T., Vancampenhout, K., Van Houdt, J. K. J., & Volckaert, F. A. M. (2010). High molecular diversity in the rhodopsin gene in closely related goby fishes: A role for visual pigments in adaptive speciation? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 55(2), 689–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.10.007
Nagao Natural Environment Foundation. (2021). Fishes of the Indochinese Mekong. Nagao Natural Environment Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
Quyền, L. D. N., & Yên, D. T. (2018). Hiện trạng khai thác cá bông lau (Pangasius krempfi) và cá tra bần (Pangasius mekongensis) ở cửa sông Tiền. Tạp chí Khoa học Trường Đại học Cần Thơ, 54(9), 82–87. https://doi.org/54(9), 82-87. https://doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jvn.2018.184
Rehbein, H. (2013). Differentiation of fish species by PCR-based DNA analysis of nuclear genes. European Food Research and Technology, 236(6), 979–990.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-013-1961-6
Roberts, T. R., & Baird, I. G. (1995). Traditional Fisheries and Fish Ecology on the Mekong River at Khone Waterfalls in Southern Laos. The Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 43, 219–262.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-014-3496-1
Saporito-Irwin, S. M., Geist, T., & Gutmann, D. H. (1997). Ammonium acetate protocol for the preparation of plasmid DNA suitable for mammalian cell transfections. BioTechniques, 23(3), 424–427. https://doi.org/10.2144/97233bm16
Song, H. Y., Kim, J. H., Seo, I. Y., & Bang, I. C. (2017). Species and hybrid identification of genus Coreoleuciscus species in Hwnag-ji Stream, Nakdong River Basin in Korea. Korean Journal of Ichthyology, 29(1), 1–12.
Sriphairoj, K., Na-Nakorn, U., & Klinbunga, S. (2018). Species identification of non-hybrid and hybrid Pangasiid catfish using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 52(1), 99–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anres.2018.05.014
Steinke, D., Zemlak, T. S., Boutillier, J. A., & Hebert, P. D. N. (2009). DNA barcoding of Pacific Canada’s fishes. In Marine Biology (Vol. 156, pp. 2641–2647). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-009-1284-0
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., & Kumar, S. (2021). MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38(7), 3022–3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/MOLBEV/MSAB120
Tran, T. M. L., & Duong, T.Y. (2019). Differentiation of two Pangasius species , Pangasius krempfi and Pangasius mekongensis using inter- simple sequence repeat markers. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 7(4), 116–120.
Vu, A. V, Baumgartner, L. J., Mallen-Cooper, M., Howitt, J. A., Robinson, W. A., So, N., & Cowx, I. G. (2020). Diadromy in a large tropical river, the Mekong: more common than assumed, with greater implications for management. Journal of Ecohydraulics, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/24705357.2020.1818642
Ward, R. D. (2009). DNA barcode divergence among species and genera of birds and fishes. Molecular Ecology Resources, 9, 1077–1085. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02541.x
Ward, R. D., Zemlak, T. S., Innes, B. H., Last, P. R., & Hebert, P. D. N. (2005). DNA barcoding Australia’s fish species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 360(1462), 1847–1857. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1716
Yên, D. T. (2019). Nghiên cứu đa dạng di truyền và đặc điểm sinh học sinh sản cá bông lau (Pangasius krempfi) và cá tra bần (Pangasius mekongensis). Báo cáo tổng kết đề tài cấp Bộ (Mã số B2017-TCT-22ĐT), Trường Đại học Cần Thơ.
Yên, D. T., Kiệt, N., Nên, B. S., Thường, N. V., Loan, N. B., & Định, T. Đ. (2016). DNA mã vạch và đặc điểm hình thái của cá bông lau (Pangasius krempfi), cá tra bần (P. mekongensis) và cá dứa (P. elongatus). Tạp chí Công nghệ Sinh học, 14, 29–37.
https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/14/1/9289
Yun, Y.-E., Lee, I.-R., Park, S.-Y., Kang, E.-J., Kim, E.-O., Yang, S.-K., Nam, Y.-K., & Bang, I.-C. (2009). Genetic Identification of Hybrids between Rhodeus uyekii and R. notatus by Sequence Analysis of RAG-1 Gene. Journal of Aquaculture, 22(1), 79–82.