Đặc điểm hóa lý, vi sinh của nem chua Đồng Tháp và phân lập vi khuẩn lactic có khả năng sinh acid γ-aminobutyric
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Abstract
Nem chua is a fermented meat product produced through the activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This study aimed to isolate, select, and characterize specific LAB strains with the capacity to synthesize
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in nem chua samples originating from Dong Thap province, Vietnam. Samples were collected from three local production facilities (HH, HK, and CH) and subjected to microbial isolation and characterization. Analytical results show that the samples had total acids of 15,75 - 27,00 g/kg, formol nitrogen of 0,63 - 1,34 g/kg, and GABA concentrations of 1,49 - 2,82 mg/g. Total aerobic counts were 2.0x105 - 5.9x105 CFU/g and lactic acid bacteria were 2.1x106 - 5.7x106 CFU/g. Preliminary screening identified 22 strains capable of growing on MRS medium with the typical morphological and physicochemical characteristics of lactic acid bacteria. Based on the GABA production potential, 6 strains were selected with the high GABA concentrations of 2.93 - 3.26 mg/g.
Tóm tắt
Nem chua là sản phẩm lên men từ thịt nhờ vào hoạt động của vi khuẩn lactic. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm xác định các đặc điểm hóa lý và vi sinh cơ bản của sản phẩm nem chua Đồng Tháp đồng thời phân lập và xác định đặc điểm của vi khuẩn lactic có khả năng sinh acid γ-aminobutyric (GABA). Các mẫu nem chua được thu thập tại 3 cơ sở (ký hiệu HH, HK, CH) để xác định các đặc điểm hóa lý và làm nguồn phân lập vi khuẩn lactic. Kết quả cho thấy các mẫu nem có hàm lượng acid tổng dao động trong khoảng 15,75 - 27,00 g/kg, hàm lượng nitơ formol 0,63 - 1,34 g/kg và hàm lượng GABA ở mức 1,49 - 2,82 mg/g. Tổng số vi sinh vật hiếu khí được xác định trong khoảng 2,0x105 - 5,9x105 CFU/g và vi khuẩn lactic là 2,1x106 - 5,7x106 CFU/g. Trong đó, 22 chủng vi khuẩn có khả năng phát triển trên môi trường MRS với đặc điểm điển hình của vi khuẩn lactic đã được sơ tuyển. Dựa vào khả năng sinh GABA, 6 chủng vi khuẩn lactic tiềm năng với hàm lượng GABA ở mức 2,93 - 3,26 mg/g đã được tuyển chọn.
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