Tận dụng nước thải sinh hoạt sau xử lý bằng công nghệ bùn hoạt tính để nuôi vi tảo Spirulina platensis
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Abstract
Domestic wastewater contains organic and inorganic compounds. Especially nitrogen is present in the form of ammonium and nitrate. High concentration of nitrogen in wastewater increases toxic compounds harmful to aquatic organisms and humans. Study on the efficiency of domestic wastewater treatment was carried out using activated sludge tank model combined with carriers. When the COD, BOD5, SS, and NH4+ concentrations of wastewater were 437.33 mg/L, 279.13 mg/L, 84.29 mg/L, and 31.87 mg/L, the treatment efficiency of the model was 93.17%, 89.53%, 88.96%, and 97.61%, respectively. The treated wastewater with a high N03- concentration (100.57 mg/L) was subsequently used for culturing Spirulina platensis. When 40×103 organisms/mL of microalgae were inoculated in the treated wastewater, NO3- was completely removed after 3 days of inoculation, and the microalgal biomass obtained was 48.07×103 organisms/mL. Similarly, when 20×103 organisms/mL of microalgae were inoculated, the resulting biomass was 30.44×103 organisms/mL. The value of pH, COD, BOD5, SS and the concentration of NH4+, NO3- in wastewater treated by activated sludge tank model combined with carriers followed by algae cultivation reached level A according to QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT.
Tóm tắt
Nước thải sinh hoạt chứa nhiều chất hữu cơ và vô cơ, trong đó, nitrogen tồn tại dưới dạng ammonium và nitrate. Hàm lượng nitrogen cao trong nước thải là nguyên nhân gia tăng các hợp chất có hại cho động vật thủy sinh và con người. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt bằng mô hình bể bùn hoạt tính kết hợp giá bám hoạt động theo mẻ. Với nước thải trước xử lý có COD trung bình là 437,33 mg/L, BOD5 279,13 mg/L, SS 84,29 mg/L, và NH4+ 31,87 mg/L thì hiệu suất xử lý của mô hình đạt lần lượt là 93,17%, 89,53%, 88,96% và 97,61%. Nước thải sau khi được xử lý có nồng độ NO3- cao (100,57 mg/L) nên được tiếp tục tận dụng để nuôi vi tảo xoắn Spirulina platensis. Sau 3 ngày nuôi cấy trong nước thải đã qua xử lý, kết quả cho thấy với mật độ vi tảo chủng vào nước thải là 40×103 cá thể/mL (ct/mL) hoặc 20×103 ct/mL thì hiệu suất xử lý NO3- đều đạt 100% với sinh khối vi tảo thu được lần lượt là 48,07×103 ct/mL và 30,44×103 ct/mL. Nước thải sau khi xử lý và nuôi vi tảo có các chỉ tiêu như pH, COD, BOD5, SS, NH4+ và NO3- đạt loại A theo QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT.
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