Phân bón vi sinh từ vi khuẩn - giải pháp giảm phụ thuộc và tăng hiệu quả sử dụng phân hoá học trong canh tác bền vững
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Abstract
Chemical fertilizers account for a large proportion of agricultural practices in Vietnam due to their rapid effectiveness, ease of use, and widespread availability; however, prolonged use of these chemicals affects soil health, human well-being, and overall ecosystem integrity. Biofertilizers contain beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria that can fix nitrogen, dissolve phosphorus and potassium, produce plant growth stimulants, and prevent stress for crops. They are considered a sustainable alternative to reduce chemical fertilizer inputs, increase the efficiency of fertilizer use, improve nutrient absorption and soil structure, and increase crop yields. However, the application of biofertilizers in agricultural cultivation is currently facing many challenges. Therefore, the study was conducted to synthesize some results of applying beneficial bacteria and the challenges of using microbial fertilizers in agricultural cultivation in a safe and climate change-adaptive direction.
Tóm tắt
Phân hóa học vẫn chiếm tỷ trọng lớn trong canh tác nông nghiệp ở Việt Nam do hiệu quả nhanh, dễ sử dụng và phổ biến rộng rãi; nhưng việc sử dụng phân bón hóa học kéo dài đã gây ra nhiều hệ lụy nghiêm trọng cho sức khoẻ đất, môi trường, con người và hệ sinh thái. Phân bón vi sinh chứa các dòng vi sinh vật có lợi như vi khuẩn có khả năng cố định đạm, phân giải lân và kali, sản xuất chất kích thích tăng trưởng thực vật và chống stress cho cây trồng được xem là giải pháp thay thế bền vững, giúp giảm lượng phân hóa học, tăng hiệu quả sử dụng phân bón, cải thiện khả năng hấp thu dưỡng chất, cấu trúc đất và tăng năng suất cây trồng. Tuy nhiên, còn nhiều vấn đề phải đối mặt để phân bón vi sinh có thể được ứng dụng rộng rãi trong canh tác nông nghiệp hiện nay. Do đó, nghiên cứu được thực hiện với mục tiêu tổng hợp một số kết quả ứng dụng vi khuẩn có lợi và thách thức sử dụng phân bón vi sinh trong canh tác nông nghiệp theo hướng an toàn và thích ứng với biến đổi khí hậu.
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