Thành phần loài và hiện trạng khai thác tôm tít (Squillidae) ở vùng biển huyện Đông Hải, tỉnh Bạc Liêu
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Abstract
This study aimed to identify the species composition and fishing status of the mantis shrimp in the coastal areas of Dong Hai district, Bac Lieu province. The study was implemented from May 2023 to February 2024. Sampling was conducted twice per month using various fishing gear, including trawl-nets, bag-nets, and barrier-nets. The specimens were measured by weight (g), and total length (mm) and photographed with magnifications of 6 to over 50 times for species identification. Additionally, 30 fishermen were also surveyed to determine the fishing status of mantis shrimp. The results indicated that 7 mantis shrimp species were identified, including 2 large-sized species (Harpiosquilla harpax and H. raphidea) and 5 small to medium sized species (Miyakea nepa, Erugosquilla woodmasoni, Oratosquillina interrupta, Cloridopsis scorpio, and Alima orientalis). The shrimp are caught year-round. Large sized individuals are mostly caught by trawl-nets offshore, as well as by bag-nets, whereas barrier-nets and bag-nets catch small sized individuals. The number of mantis shrimp in populations are gradually decreasing yearly due to pollution and overfishing. The price of mantis shrimp depends on their size, and the cost of live individuals is also higher than the frozen ones of the same size.
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu nhằm xác định thành phần loài và hiện trạng khai thác tôm tít (TT) ở vùng biển huyện Đông Hải, tỉnh Bạc Liêu từ tháng 5/2023 đến tháng 2/2024. Mẫu được thu 2 tuần/lần bằng ghe cào, đáy và dớn. Mẫu sau khi thu được cân (g), đo chiều dài tổng (mm), chụp ảnh các chi tiết đặc điểm để định danh loài với độ phóng đại 6 đến hơn 50 lần. Ngoài ra, 30 hộ khai thác thủy sản trong khu vực về hiện trạng TT cũng được khảo sát. Kết quả xác định được 7 loài TT bao gồm 2 loài kích thước lớn (Harpiosquilla harpax, H. raphidea), 5 loài kích cỡ vừa và nhỏ (Miyakea nepa, Erugosquilla woodmasoni, Oratosquillina interrupta, Cloridopsis scorpio, Alima orientalis). TT được khai thác quanh năm. Những cá thể kích cỡ lớn được khai thác bằng ghe cào xa bờ và đáy, các cá thể nhỏ chủ yếu ở ven bờ bằng đáy và dớn. Số lượng TT đang giảm do môi trường đang bị ô nhiễm và khai thác quá mức. Giá TT phụ thuộc vào kích cỡ, và tôm sống có giá bán cao hơn tôm ướp lạnh cùng cỡ.
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