Huynh Thi Dan Xuan and Pham Le Thong *

* Corresponding author (plthong@ctu.edu.vn)

Abstract

This study determines the sources of income inequality between the first quartile (Q1) and the fourth quartile (Q4) households in rural  areas of the Mekong Delta by using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method together with data from the 2018 and 2020 Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey. The results showed that although the income gap between rich and poor households decreased in 2020, the average income of wealthy households was still about 4 times higher than that of poor households. Of the two effects that cause inequality, the characteristic effect and the coefficient effect, the coefficient effect accounts for 85% - 94% of the income gap between the two household groups. Wealthy households have more abundant human, physical and natural capital and use them more efficiently, thus generating higher returns, and increasing inequality in rural areas of the Mekong Delta.

Keywords: Income equality, Mekong Delta, Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, rural areas

Tóm tắt

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm xác định nguồn gốc của sự bất bình đẳng trong thu nhập giữa nhóm hộ thuộc tứ phân vị thứ nhất (Q1) và tứ phân vị thứ tư (Q4) ở nông thôn đồng bằng sông Cửu Long thông qua việc sử dụng phương pháp phân rã Oaxaca-Blinder cùng với số liệu từ Điều tra Mức sống hộ gia đình Việt Nam năm 2018 và 2020. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy mặc dù sự chênh lệch thu nhập giữa nhóm hộ giàu và nhóm hộ nghèo có giảm xuống vào năm 2020 nhưng thu nhập trung bình của nhóm hộ giàu vẫn cao hơn khoảng 4 lần so với nhóm hộ nghèo. Trong hai hiệu ứng gây ra sự bất bình đẳng là hiệu ứng đặc điểm và hiệu ứng hệ số, hiệu ứng hệ số đóng góp từ 85% đến 94% sự chênh lệch thu nhập giữa hai nhóm hộ. Nhóm hộ giàu có dồi dào vốn nhân lực, vốn vật chất và vốn tự nhiên hơn và sử dụng chúng hiệu quả hơn nên tạo ra suất sinh lợi cao hơn, từ đó, làm gia tăng sự bất bình đẳng tại nông thôn đồng bằng sông Cửu Long.

Từ khóa: Bất bình đẳng thu nhập, đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, nông thôn, phân rã Oaxaca-Blinder

Article Details

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