Tat Anh Thu * , Dang Quoc Dat and Trang Duy Khuong

* Corresponding author (tathu@ctu.edu.vn)

Abstract

This study assessed cultivation practices and the economic performance of rice farming systems on acid sulfate soils in Long My district, Hau Giang province, where low soil pH and nutrient deficiencies constrain production. A household survey was conducted in Vinh Vien A commune with 60 rice farmers. Results showed that 64% of arable land was classified as acid sulfate soils, creating substantial production challenges. Key constraints included excessive seeding rates (>120 kg/ha), imbalanced fertilizer use (excess phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium), and frequent pesticide applications (approximately 8.6 applications per season), all of which increased costs and reduced efficiency. The two-crop system outperformed the three-crop system, achieving an average yield of 6.22 t/ha, a profit of about 31 million VND/ha (≈1,300 USD/ha), and a return on investment (ROI) of 2.03. Although the three-crop system generated higher gross revenue due to favorable Autumn–Winter prices, elevated production costs reduced its profitability. Overall, the two-crop system was identified as more sustainable and economically viable, though it remains vulnerable to risks from fluctuating rice prices and inefficient input management.

Keywords: Acid sulfate soil, cost, profit, rice yield

Tóm tắt

Trong nghiên cứu, việc đánh giá hiện trạng canh tác và hiệu quả tài chính của mô hình trồng lúa trên đất phèn tại huyện Long Mỹ, tỉnh Hậu Giang đã được tiến hành, nơi đây là  một khu vực có điều kiện sản xuất khó khăn do pH đất thấp và thiếu hụt dinh dưỡng. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện tại xã Vĩnh Viễn A với việc khảo sát ngẫu nhiên 60 hộ nông dân trồng lúa trên đất phèn. Kết quả cho thấy 64% diện tích đất canh tác là đất phèn, tạo ra nhiều thách thức trong sản xuất. Những hạn chế chính bao gồm mật độ gieo sạ cao (trên 120 kg giống/ha), sử dụng phân bón không hợp lý (dư thừa lân, đạm và kali) và tần suất phun thuốc bảo vệ thực vật cao (trên 8,58 lần/vụ). Về hiệu quả tài chính, mô hình 2 vụ đạt năng suất trung bình 6,22 tấn/ha, lợi nhuận 31,0 triệu đồng/ha và hệ số hoàn vốn 2,03 lần, cao hơn so với mô hình 3 vụ. Tuy mô hình 3 vụ tạo ra thu nhập cao hơn, chi phí sản xuất lớn đã làm giảm hiệu quả kinh tế. Tổng thể, mô hình 2 vụ được đánh giá là bền vững và hiệu quả hơn, nhưng vẫn tiềm ẩn rủi ro từ biến động giá lúa và chi phí đầu vào chưa được quản lý hợp lý.

Từ khóa: Chi phí, đất phèn, lợi nhuận, năng suất lúa

Article Details

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