Ảnh hưởng của nhiệt độ đến động học và đặc tính lý hóa của bột rau má (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) sấy chân không
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Abstract
A study aimed to determine the drying kinetics model and quality changes of vacuum-dried Centella asiatica powder under a vacuum pressure of 96 ± 0.5 kPa at temperatures of 40, 45, and 50°C. The results showed that increasing the temperature accelerated the drying process. The Lewis model was identified as the most suitable for describing the vacuum drying kinetics of Centella asiatica, particularly at 45°C, with R², χ², and RMSE values of 0.9978, 0.0002, and 0.0141, respectively. At 45°C, the effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) reached 7.72×10⁻¹² m²·s⁻¹, and the activation energy (Ea) was 40.89 kJ·mol⁻¹. Moreover, the vacuum-dried powder at 45°C maintained good quality, exhibiting stable color parameters (L* = 62.91±0.38; a* = -6.19±0.17; b* = 27.05±0.80) and a final water activity (aw) of 0.457±0.02. The powder also retained high levels of antioxidant compounds and radical scavenging capacity (TPC = 67.33 ± 0.69 mg GAE/g, TFC = 36.86±0.87 mg QE/g, DPPH = 8.86±0.21 mg TE/g). Additionally, a strong correlation was observed between L*, a*, b*, TPC, TFC, DPPH, and aw values, with correlation coefficients (r) of -0.8179; 0.9505; 0.9824; 0.7631; 0.5698; and 0.5919, respectively.
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm xác định mô hình động học và sự biến đổi chất lượng bột rau má sấy chân không (96±0,5 kPa) ở 40, 45 và 50°C. Kết quả cho thấy nhiệt độ tăng thúc đẩy tốc độ quá trình sấy. Mô hình Lewis được xác định là phù hợp để mô tả động học sấy chân không rau má, đặc biệt tại 45°C, với giá trị R², χ² và RMSE lần lượt là 0,9978; 0,0002 và 0,0141. Tại 45°C, hệ số khuếch tán ẩm (Deff) đạt 7,72×10-12 m².s⁻¹ và năng lượng hoạt hóa (Ea) là 40,89 kJ.mol⁻¹. Bên cạnh đó, bột rau má sấy chân không ở 45°C duy trì tốt về chất lượng với màu sắc ổn định (L* = 62,91±0,38; a* = -6,19±0,17; b* = 27,05±0,80), độ hoạt động của nước ở cuối quá trình sấy (aw) là 0,457±0,02. Hàm lượng hợp chất chống oxy hóa, khả năng trung hòa gốc tự do cao (TPC = 67,33±0,69 mg GAE/g, TFC = 36,86±0,87 mg QE/g, DPPH = 8,86±0,21 mg TE/g). Ngoài ra, kết quả cũng ghi nhận sự tương quan cao giá trị L*, a*, b*, TPC, TFC, DPPH và aw (r = -0,8179; 0,9505; 0,9824; 0,7631; 0,5698 và 0,5919; tương ứng).
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