Đa dạng loài và tỷ lệ sản lượng của các nhóm hải sản ở vùng biển ven bờ, vùng lộng tỉnh Nghệ An dựa trên kết quả điều tra bằng lưới kéo đáy
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Abstract
Nghe An is a key province in the development of marine fisheries in Viet Nam. However, marine resources have faced many challenges due to overexploitation in recent years. To provide scientific information for the management, conservation, and development of fisheries resources, the study employed the seasonal bottom trawl surveys in 2022, combined with historical surveys, to present the biodiversity and the structure of the marine resources in this area. The results showed that Nghe An’s marine water has a high biodiversity, with 483 species/species groups recorded, including 346 fish species, 93 crustacean species, 32 cephalopod species, 9 gastropod species, and 3 bivalve species. In 2022, only 224 species were found during the surveys. The Shannon–Weiner diversity index (H'), Evenness (E), and Simpson’s index (D) were 3.28, 0.52, and 0.74, respectively. Demersal fishes accounted for the highest proportion of catch, followed by crustaceans. The species composition varied significantly between seasons, with a noticeable increase in the proportion of crustaceans in the coastal zone during the Southwest monsoon.
Tóm tắt
Nghệ An là một tỉnh trọng điểm về phát triển nghề cá biển ở nước ta, nhưng trong những năm gần đây nguồn lợi hải sản đang đứng trước nhiều thách thức do hoạt động khai thác quá mức. Để có cơ sở khoa học cho việc quản lý, bảo vệ và phát triển nguồn lợi, hai chuyến điều tra theo mùa gió Đông Bắc và Tây Nam năm 2022, kết hợp với các trạm điều tra lịch sử được thực hiện, từ đó cung cấp thông tin về sự đa dạng cũng như cấu trúc nguồn lợi tại vùng biển này. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy vùng biển Nghệ An có thành phần loài đa dạng với 483 loài/nhóm loài hải sản đã được ghi nhận, trong đó có 346 loài cá, 93 loài giáp xác, 32 loài chân đầu, 9 loài chân bụng, 3 loài hai mảnh vỏ. Riêng các chuyến điều tra năm 2022 chỉ ghi nhận được 224 loài. Các chỉ số đa dạng Shannon - Weiner, Eveness và Simpson lần lượt là: H‘ = 3,28; E = 0,52; D = 0,74. Sản lượng nhóm cá đáy chiếm ưu thế nhất, tiếp theo nhóm giáp xác. Tỷ lệ sản lượng thay đổi đáng kể theo mùa, thể hiện rõ ở vùng ven bờ với sự gia tăng tỷ lệ giáp xác trong mùa gió Tây Nam.
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