Đánh giá sự thay đổi về chất lượng nước dưới đất ở tỉnh Cà Mau
Abstract
This study aims to evaluates the groundwater quality in period of 2015- 2023, based on data from 38 monitoring wells in Ca Mau province. Statistical analysis was conducted to analyze the data and compare it with QCVN 09:2023/BTNMT standards on groundwater quality. Additionally, the study applied various water quality indices, including the Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI), Heavy Pollution Index (HPI), and Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI), to assess the fluctuations in groundwater quality in Ca Mau province. The study found that groundwater quality in Ca Mau province fluctuated according to extraction layers and seasons with a general trend of improvement over time. Most water quality indicators were within the limits of QCVN 09:2023/BTNMT, except for N-NH4+ and total T.Coliform. The results of the GWQI, CPI, and HPI indices indicated that the groundwater quality in Ca Mau province remained within safe thresholds and was suitable for use.
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu được thực hiện với mục tiêu đánh giá sự biến động về chất lượng nước dưới đất tại tỉnh Cà Mau trong giai đoạn 2015 – 2023 dựa trên số liệu quan trắc từ 38 giếng khoan. Phương pháp phân tích thống kê mô tả được áp dụng để phân tích số liệu và so sánh với QCVN 09:2023/BTNMT về chất lượng nước dưới đất. Ngoài ra, các chỉ số đánh giá chất lượng nước nước còn được áp dụng trong nghiên cứu như: chỉ số chất lượng nước dưới đất GWQI, chỉ số ô nhiễm kim loại nặng HPI và chỉ số ô nhiễm tổng hợp CPI để đánh giá chất lượng nước dưới đất ở tỉnh Cà Mau. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, chất lượng nước dưới đất ở tỉnh Cà Mau có biến động theo tầng khai thác, theo mùa và đang có xu hướng cải thiện. Hầu hết các chỉ tiêu nằm trong giới hạn theo QCVN 09:2023/BTNMT, ngoại trừ chỉ tiêu N-NH4+ và tổng T.Coliform. Kết quả các chỉ số GWQI, CPI, HPI cho thấy, chất nước dưới đất ở tỉnh Cà Mau vẫn nằm trong ngưỡng an toàn, phù hợp cho sử dụng.
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