Quan hệ nhân quả giữa xuất khẩu và tăng trưởng kinh tế tại Việt Nam
Abstract
This study explores the causal relationship between exports and economic growth in the Vietnamese economy by using the dataset obtained from the World Bank during the period 1990 - 2022. The vector autoregressive (VAR) model is applied to control for the potential endogeneity problems between the two variables of interest. The estimation results show that export activities help promote economic growth. Simultaneously, economic growth also motivates an increase in exports. In addition, the results also indicate that both exports and economic growth have been positively affected by their lagged variables. Firms should engage in exports to reduce production costs, enhance their competitive advantage, and increase labor productivity. Furthermore, policymakers should incentivize firms to engage in exports, thus encouraging economic growth.
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm xác định mối quan hệ nhân quả hai chiều giữa kim ngạch xuất khẩu và tăng trưởng kinh tế trong nền kinh tế Việt Nam với bộ dữ liệu từ Ngân hàng Thế giới trong giai đoạn 1990 - 2022. Mô hình véc-tơ tự hồi quy (VAR) được áp dụng để kiểm soát hiện tượng nội sinh giữa hai biến số trên. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy gia tăng hoạt động xuất khẩu giúp thúc đẩy tăng trưởng kinh tế và, ngược lại, sự tăng trưởng kinh tế cũng làm tăng xuất khẩu của Việt Nam. Bên cạnh đó, kết quả từ nghiên cứu còn cho thấy cả xuất khẩu và tăng trưởng kinh tế đều chịu tác động cùng chiều từ chính nó trong quá khứ. Các doanh nghiệp nên cân nhắc tham gia vào hoạt động xuất khẩu để giúp giảm thiểu chi phí, gia tăng năng lực cạnh tranh, cải thiện năng suất lao động. Ngoài ra, các nhà hoạch định chính sách cũng nên tạo điều kiện để các doanh nghiệp có nhiều cơ hội tham gia vào thị trường xuất khẩu, từ đó thúc đẩy nền kinh tế tăng trưởng.
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