Thành phần loài cá trong mùa lũ ở khu bảo vệ cảnh quan rừng tràm Trà Sư, tỉnh An Giang
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Abstract
The study on fish species composition in the core zone and water intake sluices of the Tra Su Melaleuca Forest Landscape Protection Area was conducted over three sampling periods from 8-11/2023. Fish samples were directly collected using lift nets and traps. The study employed descriptive statistics and the biodiversity indices to compare species composition at the two sampling areas. The results showed that 36 fish species belonging to 17 families and 7 orders were identified at the intake sluices, primarily consisting of migratory species at the flood season. In contrast, only 14 fish species from 8 families and 4 orders were recorded in the core zone, with most being native species. The results also showed that the intake sluices had a richer fish biodiversity than the core area through the H‘, Dmg and Cd indices. The Sorensen similarity index revealed that only 8 fish species were present in both sampling areas (accounting for 19%). These findings reflect significant differences in fish species composition between the core zone and external water bodies of Tra Su, with native fish species being dominant in the core zone. These fish species are well adapted to closed water conditions.
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu về thành phần loài cá tại vùng lõi và các cống lấy nước đầu vào của Khu bảo vệ cảnh quan rừng tràm Trà Sư được thực hiện qua 03 đợt thu mẫu từ tháng 8 đến tháng 11/2023. Mẫu cá được thu trực tiếp bằng lưới dìm (lưới chụp) và lú đuôi chuột. Phương pháp thống kê mô tả và các chỉ số đa dạng sinh học được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu để so sánh thành phần loài giữa hai khu vực thu mẫu. Kết quả cho thấy có 36 loài cá thuộc 17 họ và 7 bộ được xác định tại các cống lấy nước, chủ yếu là các loài cá di cư theo mùa lũ. Trong khi đó, vùng lõi chỉ ghi nhận được 14 loài cá thuộc 8 họ và 4 bộ với phần lớn là các loài cá bản địa. Kết quả cũng cho thấy, ở vùng cửa cống có mức độ đa dạng sinh học khu hệ cá cao hơn vùng lõi thông qua chỉ số H’, Dmg và Cd. Chỉ số tương đồng Sorensen cho thấy chỉ có 8 loài cá cùng xuất hiện ở cả hai khu vực thu mẫu (chiếm 19%). Từ đó phản ánh rằng, thành phần loài cá trong vùng lõi Trà Sư có sự khác biệt đáng kể so với thuỷ vực bên ngoài, với sự chiếm ưu thế của nhóm cá bản địa thích nghi tốt trong điều kiện nước tĩnh.
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