Tác động của tài chính toàn diện kỹ thuật số và phát triển con người đến bất bình đẳng trong thu nhập
Abstract
This article examines the impact of digital financial inclusion and human development on income inequality using data collected from 53 nations worldwide between 2015 and 2022. The results of Bayesian regression models demonstrate that digital financial inclusion increases income disparity, whereas human development reduces the gap. However, the interaction of these two variables helps to close the income disparity. Furthermore, the impact of control variables on income inequality is not uniform. Unemployment, economic growth, inflation, population growth and institutions have positive impacts on income inequality while trade openness, remittances and foreign direct investment have negative impacts. Based on these findings, the authors have recommended policy implications for reducing income disparity in countries.
Tóm tắt
Bài báo được thực hiện nhằm nghiên cứu tác động của tài chính toàn diện kỹ thuật số và phát triển con người đến bất bình đẳng thu nhập với dữ liệu nghiên cứu được thu thập từ 53 quốc gia trên thế giới giai đoạn 2015 – 2022. Kết quả ước lượng mô hình hồi quy bằng phương pháp Bayes cho thấy tài chính toàn diện kỹ thuật số làm tăng bất bình đẳng thu nhập, trong khi đó phát triển con người lại làm giảm sự bất bình đẳng này. Tuy nhiên, sự tương tác của hai biến này lại góp phần làm giảm bất bình đẳng thu nhập. Ngoài ra, tác động của các biến kiểm soát đến bất bình đẳng thu nhập cũng không có sự đồng nhất. Trong khi các chỉ số thất nghiệp, tăng trưởng kinh tế, lạm phát, tăng trưởng dân số và thể chế có tác động thuận chiều với bất bình đẳng thu nhập thì các chỉ số độ mở thương mại, kiều hối và đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài lại có tác động ngược chiều. Từ những kết quả này, một số hàm ý chính sách đã được đề xuất nhằm giảm tỷ lệ bất bình đẳng thu nhập ở các quốc gia trong mẫu nghiên cứu.
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