Nghiên cứu sử dụng viên đất sét nung làm vật liệu đệm trong hệ thống lọc sinh học ngập nước xử lý nước thải
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Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the domestic wastewater treatment efficiency of a filtration column using expanded clay as the filter medium. Experiments were conducted on three filtration columns with operational parameters including a particle diameter of 5–10 mm, a flow rate of 7.07 L/h (filtration rate of 0.1 m/h), and water collection at heights of 0.4 m, 0.6 m, and 0.8 m. The results showed that the filter column packed with a thickness of 0.8 m expanded clay treated domestic wastewater to meet the national technical regulation on industrial wastewater QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (type A), achieving treatment efficiencies for COD, BOD5, P-PO43-, N-NO3-, and N-NH4+ of 83.8%, 84.1%, 42.2%, 74.4%, and 30.4% respectively. Enzyme analysis results indicated that microbial activity was strongest in the upper layers of the material. The treatment efficiency slightly increased when the material layer thickness was increased. This study suggests that expanded clay can be applied as a biofilm carrier in biological filtration systems for wastewater treatment.
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá hiệu suất xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt (NTSH) của cột lọc sử dụng viên đất sét nung làm vật liệu đệm. Thí nghiệm được tiến hành trên 03 cột lọc với thông số vận hành như đường kính trung bình hạt 5 - 10 mm, lưu lượng 7,07 L/h (tốc độ lọc 0,1 m/h) và được thu nước tại các chiều cao 0,4 m, 0,6 m và 0,8 m. Kết quả cho thấy cột lọc có độ dày 0,8 m viên đất sét nung xử lý nước thải đạt tiêu chuẩn loại A của QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT. Hiệu suất xử lý COD, BOD5, P-PO43-, N-NO3-, N-NH4+ lần lượt là 83,8%, 84,1%, 42,2%, 74,4%, 30,4%. Kết quả phân tích enzyme cho thấy vi sinh hoạt động mạnh chủ yếu ở lớp vật liệu phía trên. Hiệu suất xử lý tăng không đáng kể khi tăng chiều dày lớp vật liệu. Trong nghiên cứu này, kết quả cho thấy đất sét nung có thể áp dụng làm giá thể sinh học cho hệ thống lọc sinh học để xử lý nước thải.
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