Tiềm năng giảm ô nhiễm trong nước thải đô thị của năm loài hoa kiểng trong điều kiện thí nghiệm
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Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the pollution reduction ability of five ornamental species, including Cyperus alternifolius, Echinodorus cordifolius, Canna generalis, Heliconia psittacorum, Ruellia brittoniana, and unplanted (as control treatment). The plants were grown on the floating rafts at density of 27 plants/m2 for municipal wastewater treatment and were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications each. The plants contribute to reducing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and to improving dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions in treated water after 7 days of treatment. However, the DO and COD content still did not meet the limit of QCVN 08:2023/BTNMT). The plants accumulated an additional 6.68 > 4.46 > 4.26 > 2.93 > 1.78 g N/tank (for C. generalis > C. alternifolius > E. cordifolius > R. brittoniana > H. psittacorum); and 0.21 > 0.20 > 0.18 > 0.10 > 0.07 g P/tank (for C. generalis > R. brittoniana > C. alternifolius > E. cordifolius > H. psittacorum). The five studied ornamental plants contribute to removing an average of 7.0-11.8% N and 4.0-9.3% P in the treatment system. C. generalis and C. alternifolius grow and develop well, helping to remove N and P in the treatment system, so they are the most potential and suitable species to grow on floating rafts to help improve water quality and create urban landscapes.
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá khả năng làm giảm chất ô nhiễm của năm loài hoa kiểng gồm thủy trúc (Cyperus alternifolius), bách thủy tiên (Echinodorus cordifolius),chuối hoa (Canna generalis), chuối mỏ két (Heliconia psittacorum),chiều tím (Ruellia brittoniana) và không trồng cây (đối chứng).Cây được trồng trên bè nổi ở mật độ 27 cây/m2 để xử lý nước thải đô thị và được bố trí hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên với 3 lần lặp lại. Cây góp phần làm giảm đạm (N),lân (P), nhu cầu oxy hóa học (COD) và cải thiện điều kiện oxy (DO) trong nước sau 7 ngày xử lý, nhưng DO và COD vẫn chưa đạt QCVN 08:2023/BTNMT). Cây đã giúp tích lũy thêm 6,68 > 4,46 > 4,26 > 2,93 > 1,78 g N/bể (tương ứng chuối hoa > thủy trúc > bách thủy tiên > chiều tím > chuối mỏ két) và 0,21 > 0,20 > 0,18 > 0,10 > 0,07 g P/bể (tương ứng chuối hoa > chiều tím > thủy trúc > bách thủy tiên > chuối mỏ két). Năm loài hoa kiểng nghiên cứu đóng góp loại bỏ trung bình 7,0-11,8% N và 4,0-9,3% P trong hệ thống xử lý. Chuối hoa và thủy trúc tăng trưởng và phát triển tốt giúp loại bỏ N, P trong hệ thống vì thế chúng là những loài tiềm năng và phù hợp nhất để trồng trên bè nổi giúp cải thiện chất lượng nước kết hợp tạo cảnh quan đô thị.
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