Miền ý niệm “nhiệt độ” trong tiếng việt từ góc nhìn của lí thuyết nghiệm thân
Abstract
Based on the embodiment theory of Cognitive Linguistics, this paper explores the conceptual domain of temperature in Vietnamese. Using analytical and descriptive methods, the results showed that temperature (along with some familiar concepts such as hot, warm, cool, and cold) is a dynamic conceptual domain that exists deeply in the minds of Vietnamese people. Vietnamese people visualize temperature as a scale of human emotions, relationships, personality, etc. Conceptual metaphor models such as EMOTION IS TEMPERATURE/HEAT, NEGATIVE EMOTIONS ARE HOT/COLD, POSITIVE EMOTIONS ARE WARM/COOL, FUN/PROUD IS COOL, AFFECTION IS WARMTH, etc., are established in the paper as both universal and ethnically specific. They all have a direct basis from the experience of embodiment with 3 specific types: (i) embodiment with the body, (ii) embodiment with nature, and (iii) embodiment with culture – society.
Tóm tắt
Trên cơ sở lí thuyết nghiệm thân của Ngôn ngữ học tri nhận, bài viết này đi vào tìm hiểu miền ý niệm “nhiệt độ” trong tiếng Việt. Thông qua phương pháp phân tích và miêu tả, kết quả nghiên cứu đã cho thấy “nhiệt độ” (cùng với một số ý niệm quen thuộc như nóng, ấm, mát, lạnh...) là một miền ý niệm năng động, tồn tại sâu đậm trong tâm thức người Việt. Người Việt hình dung “nhiệt độ” như là những thang đo về cảm xúc, mối quan hệ, tính cách... của con người. Những mô hình ẩn dụ ý niệm như: CẢM XÚC LÀ NHIỆT ĐỘ, CẢM XÚC TIÊU CỰC LÀ NÓNG/ LẠNH, CẢM XÚC TÍCH CỰC LÀ ẤM/ MÁT, VUI/ TỰ HÀO LÀ MÁT, TÌNH CẢM LÀ ẤM ÁP... được xác lập là vừa mang tính phổ quát, vừa mang tính đặc thù dân tộc. Chúng đều có cơ sở trực tiếp từ trải nghiệm nghiệm thân với 3 loại cụ thể: (i) nghiệm thân với cơ thể, (ii) nghiệm thân với tự nhiên và (iii) nghiệm thân với văn hoá – xã hội.
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