Nguyễn Công Thuận * , Huỳnh Văn Thảo , Huỳnh Công Khánh , Nguyễn Hữu Chiếm , Trần Sỹ Nam , Taro Izumi Nguyễn Văn Công

* Tác giả liên hệ (ncthuan@ctu.edu.vn)

Abstract

Using the method of literature review, this paper synthesized and analyzed information on greenhouse gas emissions, the benefits of applying AWD, and the potential for AWD dissimilation in rice cultivation in the Mekong Delta (MK). The emission factor of methane (CH4) in the Mekong Delta is 1.92kg/ha/day, which is higher than Southeast Asia and global factors. The AWD reduces annual CH4 emissions (-51%) compared to continuous flood (CF). The AWD by farmer (AWDF) is significantly reduced (35%) compared to CF. The AWD and the AWDF both have higher yields than CF. The major barriers to AWD application were the irrigation system and water level monitoring methods, leading to the inability to issue policies and institutions for the MK. Using IoT was a utility method in water management for farmers. To disseminate AWD in the MK, it is necessary to (1) develop smart water management techniques such as IoT and (2) formulate and issue policies and institutions to apply AWD on a large scale based on constructing completed large-scale irrigation system.

Keywords: AWD dissimilation, greenhouse gases, water saving

Tóm tắt

Sử dụng phương pháp tổng quan tài liệu, bài viết này tổng hợp và phân tích các thông tin về phát thải khí nhà kính (KNK), lợi ích khi áp dụng kỹ thuật ngập khô xen kẻ (AWD) và tiềm năng nhân rộng AWD trong canh tác lúa ở Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long (ĐBSCL).Hệ số phát thải khí mêtan (CH4) ở ĐBSCL là 1,92kg/ha/ngày, cao hơn hệ số phát thải ở Đông Nam Á và toàn cầu. AWD làm giảm lượng khí thải CH4 hàng năm (-51%) so với canh tác truyền thống (CF). AWD theo nông dân (AWDF) làm giảm CH4 đáng kể (35%) so với các ruộng CF. AWD và AWDF đều có năng suất cao hơn so với CF. Rào cản lớn cho áp dụng AWD là hệ thống tưới tiêu và phương pháp quan trắc mực nước, dẫn đến chưa thể ban hành các chính sách, thể chế về AWD cho toàn vùng ĐBSCL. Sử dụng IoT là phương pháp tiện ích trong quản lý nước cho người dân...

Từ khóa: Khí nhà kính, nhân rộng AWD, tiết kiệm nước

Article Details

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