Một số biện pháp quản lý giảm thiểu phát thải khí N2O trong trồng trọt
Abstract
The concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has been increasing since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the mightiest greenhouse gases, and agriculture is one of the main sources of N2O emissions. In this report, we discussed the mechanisms triggering N2O emissions and the role of agricultural practices in their mitigation. The amount of N2O produced from the soil through the combined processes of nitrification and denitrification is profoundly influenced by temperature, moisture, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen contents. These factors can be manipulated to a significant extent through field management practices, influencing N2O emission. The relationships between N2O occurrence and factors regulating it are an important premise for devising mitigation strategies. Acting on N supply (fertilizer type, dose, time, method, etc.) is the most straightforward way to achieve significant N2O reductions without compromising crop yields. Besides, crop management (tillage, irrigation, rotation, etc.) to principles of good agricultural practices is also advisable, as it can fetch significant N2O abatement.
Tóm tắt
Nồng độ khí nhà kính trong khí quyển ngày càng tăng kể từ khi bắt đầu cuộc cách mạng công nghiệp. Nitrous oxide (N2O) là một trong những khí nhà kính mạnh nhất, và nông nghiệp là một trong những nguồn phát thải N2O chính. Trong bài viết này, một số cơ chế gây ra phát thải N2O và vai trò của các hoạt động nông nghiệp trong việc giảm thiểu chúng được thảo luận. Lượng N2O được tạo ra từ đất thông qua các quá trình kết hợp của sự nitrat hóa và khử nitrat hóa do nhiều yếu tố tác động như nhiệt độ, độ ẩm, hàm lượng carbon, nitrogen và oxy. Các yếu tố này có thể được điều chỉnh ở một mức độ nào đó thông qua các hoạt động quản lý thực hành và sẽ ảnh hưởng đến phát thải N2O. Mối quan hệ giữa sự sản sinh N2O và các yếu tố điều chỉnh là tiền đề quan trọng để đề ra các chiến lược giảm thiểu. Dựa vào nguồn cung cấp phân đạm N (loại phân bón, liều lượng, thời gian, phương pháp,...)
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