Tổng quan có hệ thống các phương pháp bảo dưỡng trụ thu phát sóng thông tin di động
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Abstract
Maintenance of mobile telecommunication towers is essential for ensuring the continuity and quality of telecommunication infrastructure. This paper presents a systematic review of maintenance methods for telecommunication towers, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Relevant literature was retrieved from IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar, covering the period 2015–2025. Following a structured screening process, [N=42] studies were selected and classified into four categories: manual inspection, structural health monitoring, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based inspection, and deep learning-based defect detection. The findings indicate that conventional methods remain limited in efficiency and scalability, whereas the integration of UAVs with artificial intelligence demonstrates clear potential for automated detection of corrosion, coating degradation, and structural deformation. The review also identifies key research gaps concerning domain-specific datasets, the regulatory framework for UAV operations in Vietnam, and real-world deployment, thereby outlining directions for future research.
Tóm tắt
Việc bảo dưỡng trụ thu phát sóng thông tin di động là yêu cầu thiết yếu để đảm bảo tính liên tục và chất lượng hạ tầng viễn thông. Trong bài báo này, một tổng quan có hệ thống các phương pháp bảo dưỡng trụ viễn thông đã được trình bày theo hướng dẫn PRISMA 2020. Tài liệu được thu thập từ IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink và Google Scholar giai đoạn 2015–2025. Sau sàng lọc, [N=42] tài liệu được chọn, phân loại thành bốn nhóm: kiểm tra thủ công, giám sát sức khỏe kết cấu, kiểm tra bằng thiết bị bay không người lái (UAV) và phát hiện hư hỏng dựa trên học sâu. Kết quả cho thấy các phương pháp truyền thống còn hạn chế về hiệu quả và mở rộng, trong khi tích hợp UAV với trí tuệ nhân tạo thể hiện tiềm năng rõ rệt trong phát hiện ăn mòn, bong tróc lớp phủ và biến dạng kết cấu. Bên cạnh đó, nghiên cứu xác định các khoảng trống về bộ dữ liệu chuyên biệt, khung pháp lý cho UAV tại Việt Nam và triển khai thực tế, định hướng cho các nghiên cứu tiếp theo.
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