This research centers on designing and testing an optimal controller for the Quanser gyroscope through simulations. The main goal is to ensure the system can precisely track trajectories. Controlling a gyroscope effectively, particularly with an LQR controller, is quite challenging. The LQR's performance heavily relies on manually selecting weighting matrices Q and R. This process is complex and tough to optimize, especially when system parameters shift. To tackle this, the study introduces a method to optimize LQR using a Genetic Algorithm. The GA will automatically find the best Q and R values based on the Integral Absolute Error (IAE) criterion. The aim here is to achieve top-notch trajectory tracking and boost the closed-loop system's stability. Early simulation results using GA-LQR show marked performance improvements: the system recorded a quick settling time of 0.1s and zero overshoot. These findings prove that GA-LQR delivers high stability and a rapid response when controlling the Quanser gyroscope, in a simulated setting.

This study aimed to determine appropriate processing conditions to enhance oil yield and quality extracted from avocado cultivar 034 using a screw press method, a promising approach to add value to this fruit. Factors investigated included drying temperature, microwave power, and pressing temperature, all of which significantly affected oil recovery efficiency and quality parameters such as acid and peroxide values. The optimal pretreatment conditions were identified as: drying at 60°C, microwave treatment at 400 W for 2 minutes, and pressing at 50 °C. Additionally, the pulp-to-fruit mass ratio was approximately 77.1%, notably higher than that of other avocado cultivars. On a dry weight basis, the pulp contained 57.5% lipids, 32.9% carbohydrates, 7.9% protein, and 1.7% ash, with moisture content around 79.3%. These findings provide a scientific basis for applying appropriate processing technologies to improve the quality of plant-based oil production, particularly avocado oil.

This study presents the application of Sentinel-2A satellite imagery combined with the eCognition Developer software to classify forest status in the Dau Tieng Protection Forest Management Board, Tay Ninh Province. The land cover classification method using tools such as “Assign Class” and “Classification” in eCognition and field survey data from 80 key image interpretation points (MKA) combined with standard plots (OTC), as well as a rule-based classification method using logical thresholds that does not require training data (Rule Set) were used in this study. The results show that the area is classified into 8 types, of which the forested area is 25,156.53 ha (accounting for 89.33%) divided into 5 forest types: including medium evergreen forest (TXB), poor evergreen forest (TXN), very poor evergreen forest (TXK), recovery forest (TXP) and planted forest (RTG) with the classification accuracy reaching 82.5% and the Kappa coefficient is 0.8. The study also shows that the use of the "Classification" tool in classifying forest objects has higher accuracy than classification based on the threshold value of spectrum indicators (Rule Set).

This study simulates and evaluates the performance and emissions of the D229-4 Diesel engine using three different fuels: conventional Diesel (DO), Biodiesel B40 (40% methyl ester from vegetable oil/animal fat and 60% DO), and Dimethyl Ether (DME – a synthetic compound derived from natural gas or biomass) using Diesel-RK software (2023). The simulation results the at rated speed, Biodiesel B40 and DME offer advantages over conventional DO fuel. The total  emissions of B40 and DME decreased significantly compared with Diesel fuel, by 12.29% and 38.13%, respectively. In terms of performance, power decreased by about 3.2% with B40 and 0.5% with DME. Similarly, torque also decreased by 3.32% and 0.14%, respectively. However, the particulate matter (PM) concentration of DME is higher than of that DO, whereas B40 shows a noticeable reduction. With advantages in performance and emission reduction, B40 and DME can be considered potential alternative fuels for Diesel engines in the future.

Bamboo is a popular plant in Vietnam because it is easy to grow, requires little care, is versatile, and has the ability to retain soil and to prevent natural disasters. In particular, the Tầm Vông bamboo plant, with the scientific name Thyrsostachys siamensis, is a native plant, typical of rural and highland areas in the Mekong Delta. Tầm Vông Bamboo is considered a plant with great potential to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2), helping to reduce global warming phenomenon and the impacts of climate change. This study applied the method of measuring fresh and dry biomass of all parts of Tầm Vông bamboo to calculate the amount of carbon accumulated from Tầm Vông bamboo specialized forests in Tri Ton district, An Giang province. Measurement and calculation results show that bamboo has the ability to absorb 9.844 tons of CO2/ha and 19.279 tons of CO2/ha for 1-year-old and 2-year-old bamboo gardens, respectively. This shows that, in addition to economic and social benefits, Tầm Vông bamboo can be expanded its area, contributing to establishing carbon credits for localities.

Polyphenols are potent antioxidant compounds present in green coffee beans, in which chlorogenic acid is the most abundant polyphenol and the key bioactive compound responsible for the specific properties of green coffee beans. The study investigated extraction methods for obtaining polyphenols, especially chlorogenic acid, from green coffee beans and evaluated the bioactivity of the chlorogenic acid-rich extract. Two extraction methods were used, including ultrasound-assisted extraction and enzyme-assisted extraction. The results showed that Celluclast-assisted extraction achieved the highest polyphenol with a yield of 66.88 mg GAE/g. The ultrasound-assisted method using 70% ethanol gave comparable polyphenol extraction efficiency, but the chlorogenic acid yield was 1.3 times higher than the enzyme method. The 70% ethanol extract had higher DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging ability and better inhibition of albumin denaturation than the extract from Celluclast-assisted extraction. Chlorogenic acid-rich extracts have potential applications in various sectors such as food and pharmaceuticals.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different pretreatments including peel abrasion, blanching, freezing and warm incubation on the drying time, color, total polyphenol content (TPC) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of dried whole longan. Peel abrasion using 10% sand for 20 minutes significantly reduced the drying time to less than 50 hours and improved peel color retention. Blanching at 75°C for 5 minutes showed a significant improvement in the color of the longan flesh. Meanwhile, freezing at -10°C brought certain effects, however, the rate of longan peel cracking was recorded at a high level (>95%). Warm incubation at 60°C - RH72% for 6 hours yielded the most stable bioactive retention, the TPC (8.19±0.66 mg GAE/g dry basis) and TEAC (38.92±1.19 µmol TE/g dry basis) values. This study provides initial assessments in improving the quality of dried whole longan using different pretreatment methods.

This study was conducted in Hoa Long commune, Dong Thap province, from July 2023 to March 2024 to determine appropriate concentrations and application timing of boric acid prior to harvest for improving yield and fruit quality of Hong mandarin. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors: boric acid concentration (50, 100, and 150 ppm, and a water-sprayed control) and number of applications (two and three times) at 120, 113, and 105 days before harvest. Eight treatments were evaluated with three replications, each replication consisting of two trees. Boric acid solutions were evenly sprayed onto the canopy in the late afternoon at a rate of 6 L per tree, while control trees were sprayed with water. Yield and fruit quality parameters, including Brix value, peel color, and incidence of dry sac phenomena, were assessed. Results indicated that pre-harvest boric acid application significantly improved yield and fruit quality of Hong mandarin. Among the treatments, boric acid at 100 ppm applied twice at 113 and 105 days before harvest was the most effective, producing a fruit yield of 52.32 kg per tree and an estimated productivity of 57.56 t ha⁻¹. In addition, the Brix value reached 11.48%, and the incidence of dry sac phenomena decreased to 25.44%, demonstrating a marked improvement in fruit quality.

This study evaluates the results of implementing annual land use plans (2021–2024) in the context of urbanization in Binh Chanh area. The methods employed include surveys, data collection, and assessments using the Likert scale, time-based analysis, and land use indicators. The findings indicate that the approval of local land use plans was delayed beyond the prescribed schedule. Regarding land use indicators, 77.03% were rated as very well implemented, 7.43% as well implemented, 2.7% as average, 5.41% as poorly implemented and 7.43% as very poorly implemented. Among 472 projects, 15.47% were completed, a high proportion (71.82%) were carried over to the following year and 2.71% were canceled. The area of agricultural land that was converted to non-agricultural use decreased; likewise, the area converted from non-agricultural, non-residential land to residential land declined from 2021 to 2023 but increased again in 2024. Local officials rated the implementation of land use plans at a good level (average score:  3.77). Based on these findings, the paper proposes five groups of solutions to improve the effectiveness of annual land use plan implementation in Binh Chanh.

The study on the in vitro propagation of Philodendron erubescens Pink Princess was conducted to determine the optimal concentrations of plant growth regulators for propagation. The research employed in vitro tissue culture methods using MS medium supplemented with growth regulators such as Kinetin, NAA, and activated charcoal. Three main experiments were performed: (1) the effect of Kinetin on the shoot multiplication stage, (2) the effects of NAA and activated charcoal on root formation, and (3) the survival rate of in vitro plants during acclimatization as well. The results showed that: (i) MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L Kinetin produced an average of 6.07 shoots and 22.6 leaves after 8 weeks of culture, (ii) MS medium with 1.0 g/L activated charcoal achieved a 100% rooting rate after 4 weeks of culture, (iii) in vitro plants reached a high survival rate (100%) and showed strong growth in the greenhouse.

The study employed a completely randomized design with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments included traditional composting (TT), vermicomposting (VM), and five compost treatments (CP1–CP5) utilizing goat excreta (GE) at 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% respectively, combined with feeding waste (FW) generated post-feeding and during storage. Results showed that VM and CP1 (100% GE) achieved comparable and higher treatment efficiency compared to TT. Organic fertilizers produced by VM and CP1 nearly met the QCVN 01-189:2009/BNNPTNT standard, requiring only adjustments to moisture and C/N ratios. Among composting treatments, CP1, CP2 (75% GE + 25% FW), and CP3 (50% GE + 50% FW) demonstrated equivalent and higher efficiency than CP4 (25% GE + 75% FW) and CP5 (100% FW). For goat farms where GE is the dominant waste, CP1 and VM are recommended. However, if both GE and FW need to be managed, CP2 or CP3 are effective options for waste treatment and the production of organic fertilizer.

This study investigated the antibacterial effect of extracts from leaves, roots and pods of mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus using the agar diffusion method. The extract prepared with distilled water (98oC; 3 hours) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity compared to the alcohol extracts. The antibacterial activity of the distilled water extracts was categorized as follows: weak (3.7 - 4.3 mm) for the pod, moderate (2.8 - 7.8 mm) for the leaf, and strong (6.0 - 10.5 mm) for the roots. The extracts from the roots prepared with 50, 70, and 90% alcohol showed weak antibacterial activity (4.3, 4.0, and 3.7 mm, respectively), with no significant difference observed across alcohol concentrations. The ratios of mangrove root powder to distilled water at 1/7, 1/5, and 1/3 demonstrated statistically significant antibacterial activity compared to the 1/9 ratio. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the distilled water extracts ranged from 6.25 - 12.5 µL/mL for the 1/3 to 1/7 ratio, respectively. A MBC/MIC ratio > 4 indicated the bacteriostatic effect of the root extract.

Students' lack of skills in posing critical questions is a significant concern for educators and society as a whole. The ability to pose critical questions is a reflection of critical thinking. Critical thinking helps individuals perceive the world in a more multidimensional and profound way, and the skill of asking critical questions is one of the keys to promoting proactive and effective learning. Through classroom observations, analysis of written assignments, and self-assessment questionnaires, this research aims to explore the current state of middle school students' skills in posing critical questions, specifically focusing on 8th-grade students at school X (Tra Vinh). Additionally, the study proposes several solutions to improve this situation.

This article presents a systematic review of studies emphasizing career orientation through STEM education for students at the primary to upper secondary levels. The review was conducted using the Scopus database, following the PRISMA methodology, with analytical support from VOSviewer and MaxQDA software. The analysis of 216 eligible studies indicates that this topic has received growing attention since 2007 and is currently experiencing significant development in the United States, Turkey, and Hong Kong. Furthermore, based on the criteria of citations ≥ 8 or co-citations ≥ 5, 25 studies were selected for in-depth analysis. Accordingly, the article synthesizes three major areas: (1) theoretical frameworks and factors influencing STEM career orientation; (2) the content, organizational forms, and assessment tools employed in STEM education activities; and (3) future directions for implementing STEM education.

In the context of globalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Science - Technology - Engineering - Arts - Mathematics (STEAM) education has emerged as a modern teaching model aimed at developing students' creative thinking and problem-solving skills. This article focuses on studying the theoretical foundations and current situation of STEAM-based Arts education at the Secondary level in Vietnam, thereby proposing several integrated learning activities drawn from the content of the 2018 General Education Curriculum. The research aims to offer insights into the potential for innovating teaching methods in STEAM-based Art education, thus improving students’ creative potential through interdisciplinary Arts education within the framework of modern Vietnamese education.

International cooperation is an activity widely promoted in universities worldwide. This activity not only involves sharing resources but also encourages the exchange of ideas, cultures, and visions to jointly address complex global challenges. In the field of law, international cooperation primarily focuses on international conferences, joint research projects, training cooperation programs, and faculty and student exchange programs. In this article, the authors focus on analyzing international cooperation in the training and research of law. The article clarifies the theories and current state of international cooperation in Vietnam by evaluating data and surveying the actual needs of faculty and students at law training institutions - a case study at the Faculty of Law, Can Tho University. Through this, the article proposes solutions to create the most effective international cooperation environment for research and training activities in the field of law in Vietnam in the future.

The study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of public reception of graphic journalism, especially works published in the Education section on online newspapers in Vietnam today. In this paper, we have surveyed consumption habits, studying the public's appreciation of the advantages and limitations of graphic journalism in this section. In addition, the study of factors affecting the public's reception of graphic journalism has also been carried out, including elements of graphic journalism, subjective factors, and objective factors. In addition, appropriate measures have also been proposed in the study to help improve the quality of graphic journalism, helping information to be transmitted more effectively and easily accessible to a wide range of public audiences in the digital age.

The article aims to clarify the combination characteristics of autobiographical and fictional elements in Vietnamese novels in the 21st century. Through the analysis of several representative literary works, the results showed that writers incorporate personal experiences into artistic fiction as a mode of expression—articulating the self, exploring inner life, and reflecting spiritual transformations within the context of modern society. This approach not only highlights the expressive value of autobiographical and fictional elements but also affirms the central role of the individual self in 21st-century Vietnamese literary creativity, while at the same time revealing significant transformations in the artistic mindset of the novel during this period.

This article aims to analyse the transformation of Vietnamese literature since the Doi Moi reform in 1986, highlighting its journey of keeping pace with contemporary times while preserving national identity. With a renewed artistic mindset, modern writing techniques, and an expanded range of themes, literature has been able to reflect contemporary life profoundly. Artistic methods such as the stream of consciousness, nonlinear structures, and intertextuality have been flexibly employed, contributing to a new and dynamic face of Vietnamese literature. However, the core of national culture has been preserved by maintaining its distinctive cultural elements in both the creation and reception of art, especially within the context of globalisation and modernisation. This process of modernisation has been conducted in a spirit of creative acculturation rather than passive borrowing. As a result, artistic creativity in Vietnamese literature during the Đổi Mới period has both kept pace with the times and preserved the national identity.

The beautiful values ​​of ideas in poetry often have to be conveyed in a unique or distinct art form. From the spirit of resistance and struggle to the way of writing, engaged poets in the South during the period of 1954-1945 always had innovative ideas. This is the reason why their poetry has its own characteristics. From the perspective of Russian Formalism theory, we find that they creatively apply the spirit of defamiliarization. They apply the “defamiliarization” at many levels: defamiliarization of language, defamiliarization of sound, defamiliarization  of organization of the structure of the poem and some other dievices. Within the essay of this article, we approach the defamiliarization device in terms of language of some engaged poets in the South during the period of 1954-1975. Especially the device of meaning transfer in the direction of similarity and difference. Keywords: South, engaged poets, defamiliarization, similarity, difference

This study aims to analyze the smartphone usage behavior of rural elderly people in Vietnam in the context of digital transformation, approaching from the perspective of culture and Planned Behavior theory. Using mixed methods: surveying 138 elderly people and in-depth interviews with 6 cases in Bac Son commune, Trang Bom district, Dong Nai province. The results show that awareness and positive attitudes are factors promoting smartphone usage behavior. Family and community play an important role in supporting elderly people to access technology and maintain smartphone usage behavior. Although their ability to use is limited, most elderly people are willing to learn if there is a suitable support environment. The study concludes that elderly people are gradually reshaping their social role in the digital society. The research results contribute to suggesting policies for developing age-friendly technology, enhancing intergenerational support and promoting sustainable digital integration for the elderly population.

The study was conducted to analyze and clarify the prominent primary and secondary functions of conceptual metaphor (CM) in both everyday language and poetry. In everyday communication, CM has six primary and 18 secondary functions, while in poetry, it has four primary and six secondary functions. Additionally, this research reinforces the view that metaphor is omnipresent—not only in language but also in thought. The conceptual systems of both non-poets and poets are largely metaphorical. The study further demonstrates CM's significant role in everyday language, poetry, and cognition. Understanding CM's functions is crucial for unlocking insights into thought processes, language, worldview, and philosophy of life for poets and non-poets alike.

The concept of narratorial reliability, or degrees of perceived trustworthiness, is revealed in structuralist narratology through the level of narrative agency, encompassing the narrator and various types of narrators. The purpose of this paper is to apply the concept of a reliable narrator to the novel Nhụy khúc by Đinh Phương, in order to analyze the system of overt and covert narrators as manifested through specific textual markers. From this foundation, the paper aims to clarify the relationship between the narrator and the characters—particularly within the context of family dynamics, intergenerational relationships, and transformative events—while examining how the narrators influence the narrative structure and the characters’ journeys of perception and self-awareness.

This study aims to assess the conditions influencing the development of agricultural tourism in Can Tho City. Data were collected from 135 questionnaires conducted in communes of Cu Lao Dung and Ke Sach districts (before the merger of administrative units). Through Cronbach’s Alpha analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and SWOT assessment, the results identified five key factor groups: accessibility, market competitiveness, stakeholder engagement, tourism resource attractiveness, and environmental sanitation and public security. Based on these findings, the study proposes development orientations such as upgrading infrastructure, training human resources, enhancing communication, developing distinctive tourism products, and strengthening community linkages-thereby contributing to the sustainable development of agricultural tourism.

Based on the application of the conceptual proposition“Dĩ văn vận sự”—which emphasizes the creative role of the writer in representing historical reality, as proposed by Kim Thánh Thán in his literary criticism of the novel genre—this study aims to elucidate the distinctive features of Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí in terms of its chapter-based structure, character portrayal, and the increasing imprint of the author's subjective emotion throughout the narrative and descriptive process. Approaching Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí  based on the application of the above-mentioned concept not only adds a previously unexplored perspective in affirming the artistic value of this notable historical novel but also highlights the interactive potential, applicability, and effectiveness of classical Chinese literary criticism in the study of medieval Vietnamese literature.

This study was conducted to assess the mechanism through which customer – based brand equity and store atmosphere influence customer absorption, thereby affecting customer satisfaction with Vietnamese retail businesses. Approaching from the S-O-R theory, the theoretical framework and research hypothesis model were established. To test the model and research hypotheses, the PLS-SEM  was used. Based on the survey results of 304 customers from Vietnamese retail businesses, the SmartPLS4 software was employed to analyze the data. The research findings highlighted the positive impact of customer- based brand equity and store atmosphere on customers‘ absorption capability, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction with Vietnamese retail businesses. Based on the results,  discussions and implications are presented to improve customer satisfaction and increase the absorption of products and services by customers with Vietnamese retail businesses.

The objective of the study is to test the hypothesis of Lunar New Year effect on Ha Noi stock exchange (HNX). The data used in this study is a daily series of HNX-Index over the period from January 4, 2010 through December 31, 2024. The empirical findings derived from the EGARCH (exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity) regression model revealed that Lunar New Year effect exist on the HNX. Specifically, the market return in the 2-day and 5-day periods before and after the Lunar New Year is higher than the market return on the remaining days of the year. In addition, this study also found evidence to conclude that the Lunar New Year effect exists in the volatility of market return. These findings imply that the HNX is not efficient in the weak form.