Survey of current status of longan cultivation and soil microbial respiration in long-term longan cultivated orchard soil in Long Ho district, Vinh Long province
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Abstract
The study aimed to survey the current status of longan cultivation and soil microbial respiration of over 15 years old longan in Long Ho district, Vinh Long, with 30 Xuong Com Vang longan growing households. Soil microbial respiration was determined by measuring CO₂ accumulated over time. The results showed that the average planting density was 260 trees/ha. The average amount of inorganic fertilizer applied was 1150 - 874 - 860 g N- P2O5-K2O/tree/year, with a nitrogen dose higher than the recommended level, causing nutrient imbalance. The average organic fertilizer applied was 8.39 kg/tree/year. The average longan yield was 13.2 tons/ha/year, with differences between gardens due to differences in cultivation conditions and nutrient management. The respiration rate of soil microorganisms varied significantly between the surveyed farms. The respiration rate was highest in the group of soil with beds aged 15 - 25 years, and lowest in the group aged 46 - 60 years. This result showed a decline in soil microbial activity over cultivation time.
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm khảo sát hiện trạng canh tác nhãn và hô hấp vi sinh vật đất trồng nhãn trên 15 năm tại huyện Long Hồ, Vĩnh Long với 30 hộ nông dân trồng nhãn Xuồng cơm vàng. Hô hấp của vi sinh vật đất được xác định bằng phương pháp đo CO₂ tích lũy theo thời gian. Kết quả cho thấy, mật độ trồng trung bình đạt 260 cây/ha. Lượng phân vô cơ bón trung bình là 1150 - 874 - 860 g N-P2O5-K2O/cây/năm, với hàm lượng đạm cao hơn mức khuyến nghị, gây mất cân đối dinh dưỡng. Phân hữu cơ trung bình bón 8,39 kg/cây/năm. Năng suất nhãn trung bình đạt 13,2 tấn/ha/năm có sự chênh lệch giữa các vườn do khác biệt về điều kiện canh tác và quản lý dinh dưỡng. Tốc độ hô hấp của vi sinh vật đất khác nhau đáng kể giữa các vườn khảo sát. Tốc độ hô hấp đạt cao nhất ở nhóm đất có tuổi liếp 15 – 25 năm, thấp nhất ở nhóm 46 – 60 năm. Kết quả này cho thấy sự suy giảm hoạt động của vi sinh vật đất theo thời gian canh tác.
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