Các liệu pháp phòng, trị bệnh mới trong nuôi trồng thủy sản
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Abstract
Aquaculture’s expansion and intensification have made sudden disease outbreaks more common. Meanwhile, the overuse of antibiotics to tackle epidemics has resulted in increased antibiotic resistance, rendering the most potent antibiotics increasingly ineffective. Focusing on research into innovative, sustainable alternatives to disease treatment will unlock a new era in aquatic health. This article aims to synthesize and evaluate a number of novel therapeutic approaches to control infectious diseases in aquaculture. Advanced therapies such as bacteriophage, endolysin, bacteriocin and quorum quenching increasingly demonstrated to have outstanding effectiveness along with high safety. In addition, therapies such as antimicrobial peptides, IgY antibodies, and nanoparticles have also been shown to be effective in treating aquatic diseases.
Tóm tắt
Sự mở rộng về quy mô của nghề nuôi trồng thủy sản đã dẫn đến dịch bệnh phát sinh ngày một phức tạp hơn. Trong khi đó, việc lạm dụng thuốc kháng sinh để giải quyết dịch bệnh đã dẫn đến gia tăng tình trạng kháng thuốc, khiến các loại kháng sinh mạnh nhất ngày càng mất hiệu quả. Việc tập trung nghiên cứu các giải pháp thay thế bền vững, sáng tạo trong điều trị bệnh sẽ mở ra một giai đoạn mới về sức khỏe thủy sản. Bài báo này nhằm mục đích tổng hợp và đánh giá một số liệu pháp điều trị mới, tiên tiến nhằm kiểm soát dịch bệnh truyền nhiễm trong nuôi trồng thủy sản hiện nay. Các liệu pháp tiên tiến như thực khuẩn thể, endolysin, bacteriocin và quorum quenching đang ngày càng chứng minh được hiệu quả vượt trội cùng với tính an toàn cao. Bên cạnh đó, các liệu pháp như peptide kháng khuẩn, kháng thể IgY, hạt nano cũng mang lại những hiệu quả nhất định trong điều trị bệnh cho thủy sản
hiện nay.
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