Đặc tính enzyme, kháng kháng sinh và hình thành màng sinh học của Aeromonas spp. phân lập từ cá chép (Cyprinus sp.) tại trại giống
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Abstract
Aeromonas bacteria are recognized as one of the most common pathogens affecting freshwater fish. This study was conducted to isolate Aeromonas strains and evaluate several virulence-related characteristics, including extracellular enzyme production, hemolytic activity, and antibiotic susceptibility. Five Aeromonas strains were identified. All isolates exhibited proteolytic and gelatinolytic activities and biofilm formation, while 4/5 strains showed lipolytic and hemolytic activities. The isolates were resistant to at least 4 of the 16 antibiotics tested; notably, CFH17db.2 showed the highest multidrug resistance, being resistant to 10/16 antibiotics (MAR = 0.63). Resistance was observed against two antibiotic classes, aminoglycosides and carbapenems. High resistance rates were recorded for imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, and piperacillin/tazobactam, whereas most isolates remained susceptible to cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and tetracycline. The findings indicate that Aeromonas strains isolated from diseased carp possess multidrug resistance, posing a potential risk to aquaculture.
Tóm tắt
Vi khuẩn Aeromonas được biết đến là một trong những tác nhân gây bệnh phổ biến ở cá nước ngọt. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm phân lập các dòng Aeromonas và đánh giá một số đặc điểm liên quan đến độc lực, bao gồm khả năng sản xuất enzyme ngoại bào, hoạt tính tan huyết và mức độ nhạy cảm với kháng sinh. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã xác định được 5 dòng vi khuẩn thuộc chi Aeromonas. Tất cả các dòng đều có khả năng phân giải protein, gelatin và hình thành màng sinh học, 4/5 dòng có khả năng phân giải lipid và gây tan huyết. Các dòng vi khuẩn kháng ít nhất 4/16 loại kháng sinh khảo sát; trong đó, dòng CFH17db.2 có mức độ đa kháng cao nhất với 10/16 loại kháng sinh (MAR = 0,63). Các dòng vi khuẩn kháng lại hai nhóm kháng sinh aminoglycosides và carbapenems. Tỷ lệ kháng cao được ghi nhận đối với imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin và piperacillin/tazobactam, trong khi đa số dòng vi khuẩn vẫn còn nhạy cảm với cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, tetracycline. Bên cạnh đó, kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy các dòng Aeromonas phân lập từ cá chép bệnh mang nhiều đặc tính liên quan đến đa kháng kháng sinh, tiềm ẩn nguy cơ đối với nuôi trồng thủy sản.
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