Thiết kế điều khiển cầu trục 3D có xét đến ma sát
Abstract
This paper presents a sliding mode control design for a three-dimensional container crane system considering wheel–rail friction effects. A nonlinear dynamic model of the underactuated crane is derived using the Lagrange formulation, capturing the coupling between translational motions and payload swing dynamics. To represent practical operating conditions, the friction force is described by a modified Coulomb–viscous model, which provides a continuous friction characteristic in the low-velocity region and accounts for parameter uncertainties within ±10%. Based on the reduced-order model, a sliding mode control law is developed to directly compensate bounded friction uncertainties and equivalent disturbances. To alleviate the chattering phenomenon inherent in conventional sliding mode control, the discontinuous sign function is replaced by a hyperbolic tangent function, resulting in smoother control signals suitable for implementation and yielding practical stability in a small neighborhood of the sliding surface. Lyapunov-based analysis is provided to establish closed-loop stability and robustness. MATLAB/Simulink simulations demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a convergence time of approximately 10–13 s, limits the payload swing angles to below 3°, and maintains robust trajectory tracking under ±5% parameter disturbances. The results confirm the effectiveness and practical potential of the proposed controller for three-dimensional crane systems operating under friction and model uncertainties.
Tóm tắt
Bài báo trình bày thiết kế bộ điều khiển chế độ trượt cho hệ cầu trục container ba chiều có xét đến ảnh hưởng của lực ma sát giữa bánh xe và ray chuyển động. Lực ma sát được mô hình hóa theo mô hình Coulomb–nhớt có hiệu chỉnh nhằm mô tả liên tục đặc tính ma sát trong vùng vận tốc thấp và phản ánh bất định tham số trong phạm vi ±10%. Trên cơ sở mô hình động lực học phi tuyến xây dựng bằng phương pháp Lagrange, một luật điều khiển chế độ trượt được đề xuất để bù trực tiếp bất định ma sát và nhiễu tương đương, đồng thời sử dụng hàm hyperbolic tangent để giảm hiện tượng rung giật của tín hiệu điều khiển trong triển khai thực tế. Phân tích theo Lyapunov cho thấy hệ vòng kín đảm bảo ổn định; với hàm tanh(·), hệ đạt ổn định thực dụng quanh mặt trượt. Kết quả mô phỏng MATLAB/Simulink cho thấy hệ đạt thời gian hội tụ khoảng 10–13 s, góc dao động tải nhỏ hơn 3° và duy trì độ bền vững dưới nhiễu tham số ±5%. Các kết quả thu được cho thấy phương pháp được đề xuất có tiềm năng ứng dụng cho các hệ cầu trục ba chiều trong điều kiện có ma sát và bất định mô hình.
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