Tối ưu hóa chiết xuất polyphenol có hoạt tính chống oxy hóa và ức chế α-glucosidase từ lá ổi rừng (Psidium guajava L.) Bằng chiết xuất lỏng áp suất cao
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Abstract
Leaves of the wild guava plant (Psidium guajava L.) are abundant in polyphenols, which are known for their significant antioxidant properties and potential to inhibit α-glucosidase. This research utilized pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) to maximize the total polyphenol content (TPC) and assess the biological activities of the extracts. A central composite design was used within the response surface methodology (RSM) framework to explore how ethanol concentration (34.75-65.25%), extraction temperature (64.75-95.25 °C), and extraction time (2.375-17.625 min) influenced TPC, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀). The ideal extraction conditions were identified as 49.03% ethanol, 79.58 °C, and 9.21 min. Under these conditions, the extract showed a TPC of 240.113 ± 3.792 mg GAE/g dry weight, DPPH activity of 408.831 ± 8.425 mg TE/g dry weight, and an IC₅₀ value for α-glucosidase inhibition of 3.146 ± 0.387 µg/mL. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated strong links between polyphenol content and the biological activities observed. This research advocates for the continued advancement of pressurized liquid extraction as a method for effectively recovering polyphenols from plant materials.
Tóm tắt
Lá ổi rừng (Psidium guajava L.) là nguồn nguyên liệu giàu polyphenol, thể hiện hoạt tính chống oxy hóa và khả năng ức chế α-glucosidase tiềm năng. Phương pháp chiết xuất lỏng áp suất cao (Pressurized Liquid Extraction, PLE) được áp dụng trong nghiên cứu nhằm tối ưu hóa hàm lượng polyphenol tổng (TPC) và đánh giá hoạt tính sinh học của dịch chiết. Thiết kế tâm xoay thuộc phương pháp bề mặt đáp ứng (Response Surface Methodology, RSM) được sử dụng để khảo sát ảnh hưởng của nồng độ ethanol (34,75-65,25%), nhiệt độ (64,75-95,25°C) và thời gian chiết xuất (2,375-17,625 phút) đến TPC, hoạt tính DPPH và khả năng ức chế α-glucosidase (IC₅₀). Điều kiện chiết xuất tối ưu được xác định là nồng độ ethanol 49,03%, nhiệt độ 79,58 °C và thời gian 9,21 phút. Tại điều kiện này, giá trị TPC, hoạt tính DPPH và IC₅₀ α-glucosidase lần lượt đạt 240,113 ± 3,792 mg GAE/g, 408,831 ± 8,425 mg TE/g ck và 3,146 ± 0,387 µg/mL. Phân tích tương quan và phân tích thành phần chính (PCA) cho thấy mối liên hệ chặt chẽ giữa hàm lượng polyphenol và các hoạt tính sinh học. Nghiên cứu này cho thấy tiềm năng phát triển phương pháp chiết xuất lỏng áp suất cao trong thu nhận polyphenol có hoạt tính sinh học từ nguồn thực vật.
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