Phân lập, định danh và đặc điểm của vi khuẩn Vibrio mimicus gây bệnh lở loét trên cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) nuôi ở đồng bằng sông Cửu Long
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Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacteria in striped catfish are increasingly common, causing huge losses to farmers. The study aimed to identify the bacterial pathogen that led to muscular necrosis disease in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) at fish farms in An Giang, Can Tho, and Dong Thap provinces of the Mekong Delta. Three bacterial strains representing each province were isolated from diseased striped catfish that exhibited clinical signs such as muscular necrosis, tail erosion, and enlarged internal organs. Screening tests revealed that isolates CT5, NV9, and VH120, were found to be highly pathogenic, with LD50 values of 1,66×104 CFU/mL, 3,98×104 CFU/mL, and 1,58×103 CFU/mL, respectively. The challenged fish with these strains exhibited symptoms similar to those observed in naturally infected fish. The bacterial isolates were identified as Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, and O/F test-positive, utilizing glucose, galactose, or D-mannitol as carbon sources. 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates exhibited 99.87% similarity and clustered with Vibrio mimicus. This study is the first to identify Vibrio mimicus as the causative agent of muscular necrosis disease in intensively farmed pangasius in the Mekong Delta.
Tóm tắt
Bệnh truyền nhiễm do vi khuẩn xuất hiện trên cá tra ngày càng phổ biến, gây thiệt hại lớn cho người nuôi ở đồng bằng sông Cửu Long. Nghiên cứu thực hiện nhằm xác định vi khuẩn gây bệnh lở loét trên cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) tại ao nuôi ở An Giang, Cần Thơ và Đồng Tháp. Ba chủng vi khuẩn đại diện cho từng khu vực được phân lập từ cá tra bệnh có biểu hiện lở loét, đuôi mòn và nội tạng trương phồng. Thí nghiệm cảm nhiễm cho thấy ba chủng CT5, NV9 và VH120 có độc lực cao với giá trị LD50 lần lượt là 1,66×104 CFU/mL, 3,98×104 CFU/mL và 1,58×103 CFU/mL. Cá cảm nhiễm có các dấu hiệu bệnh lở loét tương tự cá bệnh ngoài tự nhiên. Tất cả các chủng vi khuẩn phân lập là Gram âm, oxidase, catalase, O/F dương tính và sử dụng glucose, galactose hoặc D-mannitol làm nguồn carbon. Giải trình tự 16S rRNA cho thấy ba chủng vi khuẩn phân lập có độ tương đồng 99,87% với vi khuẩn Vibrio mimicus. Đây là nghiên cứu đầu tiên xác định vi khuẩn V. mimicus là tác nhân gây bệnh lở loét trên cá tra nuôi thâm canh.
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