Ảnh hưởng của vùng sinh thái đến tính trạng chất lượng của 20 giống lúa rẫy
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Abstract
Agro-ecological conditions in Vietnam are quite diverse. This is an advantage for the development of different rice varieties to create a specific characteristic of each region. To improve the diversity of rice genetics resource, 20 upland rice were used to characterize the quality of rice including length grain, amylose contents, and aroma when they were plantted in two contrast ecological zones (1) Buon Ma Thuot province (highland); (2) Tra Vinh province (Mekong Delta) in this study. The results showed that These varieties cultivated in Tra Vinh were showed long gain and amylose content (80% and 60%, respectively) characteristics higher than in Buon Ma Thuot. In addition, 6 rice varieties were selected because of its high-quality characteristics such as long grain, low and medium amylose contents. While, two varieties Ba Bo Nha and Ba Hlang were suitable cultivated in both regions, Buon Me Thuoc and Tra Vinh. Mean while Ba Ĩe and Pkoih (aroma) were more suitable for planting in Tra Vinh, but Nâm and Ba Kong Brum varieties were better for planting in Buon Ma Thuot. The results of this study will provide quality rice genetic resources for 2 ecological zone including highland and Mekong Delta of Viet Nam.
Tóm tắt
Sinh thái nông nghiệp ở Việt Nam khá đa dạng, đây là một ưu thế cho sự phát triển các giống lúa khác nhau tạo nên đặc trưng riêng của từng vùng. Nhằm đa dạng nguồn gen, trong nghiên cứu này, 20 giống lúa rẫy được thu thập tại các tỉnh thuộc vùng Tây Nguyên làm vật liệu và tiến hành phân tích, so sánh sự khác nhau của một số chỉ tiêu chất lượng: chiều dài hạt, amylose, mùi thơm khi được trồng tại hai vùng sinh thái là tỉnh Buôn Ma Thuột (Tây Nguyên) và tỉnh Trà Vinh (Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long). Kết quả ghi nhận đa số các giống lúa được trồng tại Trà Vinh đều có chiều dài hạt gạo dài (80% giống) và hàm lượng amylose (60% giống) cao hơn khi được trồng tại Buôn Ma Thuột. Bên cạnh đó, nghiên cứu cũng đã tuyển chọn được 6 giống lúa đều thuộc nhóm lúa hạt dài, mềm cơm, dẻo. Trong đó, 2 giống Ba Bơ Nhã và Ba Hlang thích hợp trồng ở cả hai vùng sinh thái; 2 giống lúa canh tác ở Trà Vinh là giống Ba Ĩe và giống Pkoih (lúa thơm); đối với vùng Buôn Ma Thuột có thể sử dụng 2 giống là Nâm và Ba Kong Brum. Kết quả thí nghiệm này là bước đầu có thể cung cấp nguồn gen lúa chất lượng cho 2 vùng sinh thái Tây Nguyên và Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long.
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