Trần Thanh Thảo *

* Tác giả liên hệ (tthanhthao@ctu.edu.vn)

Abstract

There are increasing number of cancer deaths worldwide, motivating more studies to find solutions for the prevention of cancer. Although some of cancer diseases are attributed to gene inherited from parents, most of other cancers are formed from an interaction between gene and environmental factors, including physical, chemical and biological agents. Food is accounted to 30% of risk factors that cause cancer. Food can contribute to the formation of cancer through three mechanisms: epigenetic factors, DNA damage-caused by oxidative stress and mutagenesis. In contrast, some of food containing bioactive compounds are able to prevent or minimize above cancer-induced mechanisms. This paper is to analyze molecular mechanisms of food driving cancer and summarize some food components that can support or prevent the process of cancer development. From such analysis, some notifications to maintain healthy diets and lifestyle in the prevention of cancer thread are also suggested.
Keywords: Antioxidant, cancer, DNA methylation, food, mechanism.

Tóm tắt

Trong bối cảnh số lượng người tử vong vì ung thư ngày càng cao trên toàn cầu, các nghiên cứu để tìm ra giải pháp phòng ngừa ung thư ngày càng được mở rộng. Mặc dù một vài loại ung thư  được phát sinh do bất thường gen được di truyền, hầu hết ung thư phát sinh do kết quả tương tác giữa kiểu gen và các yếu tố của môi trường sống, bao gồm các yếu tố vật lý, hoá học và sinh học. Trong số các yếu tố từ môi trường có khả năng gây ung thư, thực phẩm chiếm đến tỉ lệ 30%. Thực phẩm có thể xúc tác quá trình phát triển của ung thư qua ba cơ chế: di truyền biểu sinh, tổn hại DNA do phản ứng stress oxy hoá và sự phát sinh đột biến. Ngược lại, một số nhóm thực phẩm chứa các chất có hoạt tính sinh học có thể ngăn ngừa hoặc giảm thiểu các cơ chế gây ung thư trong tế bào. Bài báo này phân tích các cơ chế phân tử của thức ăn trong quá trình làm phát sinh và phát triển ung thư, đồng thời tổng hợp một số nhóm thức ăn có chức năng thúc đẩy hoặc ngăn ngừa ung thư. Từ các nghiên cứu trên, các lưu ý về lựa chọn dinh dưỡng và duy trì lối sống hợp lý trong việc phòng và tránh các nguy cơ ung thư cũng được đề nghị.
Từ khóa: Cơ chế, kháng oxy hoá, methyl hoá DNA, thực phẩm, ung thư

Article Details

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