Tuyển chọn và ứng dụng xạ khuẩn ưa nhiệt có khả năng phân giải cellulose trong nuôi trồng nấm rơm (Volvariella volvacea L.)
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Abstract
This study successfully isolated and selected thermophilic actinomycete strains capable of degrading cellulose from agricultural residues for use in straw mushroom cultivation. A total of 12 actinomycete strains demonstrated the ability to degrade CMC within a temperature range of 45°C to 60°C. Six strains (R2, R4, R5, R8, Đ3, and Đ4) exhibited strong cellulolytic activity, with clear zone diameters ranging from 22 to 28 mm. Notably, strain R8 showed high efficiency in degrading straw at 50℃ without adversely affecting the mycelial growth of straw mushrooms. Based on morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain R8 was identified as S. thermoviolaceus, with a sequence similarity of 99.89%. Remarkably, the addition of S. thermoviolaceus R8 to the substrate increased the yield of straw mushrooms by up to 21.27% compared to the control. The results demonstrated the potential of actinomycete strains in using straw as a substrate, thereby enhancing efficiency in mushroom production.
Tóm tắt
Trong nghiên cứu, việc phân lập và tuyển chọn được các dòng xạ khuẩn ưa nhiệt có khả năng phân giải cellulose từ rơm đã được thực hiện nhằm ứng dụng trong nuôi trồng nấm rơm. Tổng cộng có 12 dòng xạ khuẩn thể hiện khả năng phân giải CMC ở dải nhiệt độ từ 45℃ đến 60℃. Trong số đó, sáu dòng (R2, R4, R5, R8, Đ3 và Đ4) có hoạt tính phân giải mạnh, với đường kính vùng phân giải dao động từ 22 đến 28 mm. Đặc biệt, dòng R8 cho thấy hiệu quả phân giải rơm cao ở nhiệt độ 50℃ mà không gây ảnh hưởng bất lợi đến quá trình lan tơ của nấm rơm. Dựa trên đặc điểm hình thái và phân tích trình tự vùng gen 16S rRNA, dòng xạ khuẩn R8 được xác định thuộc loài Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, với mức độ tương đồng trình tự đạt 99,89%. Đáng chú ý, khi bổ sung S. thermoviolaceus R8 vào giá thể, năng suất nấm rơm thu được tăng đến 21,27% so với đối chứng. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy các dòng xạ khuẩn có tiềm năng ứng dụng trong việc xử lý rơm làm cơ chất trồng nấm, góp phần nâng cao hiệu quả trong nuôi trồng nấm.
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