Nấm đông trùng hạ thảo Cordyceps militaris: Đặc điểm sinh học, giá trị dược liệu và các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến quá trình nuôi trồng nấm

NguyễN Thị Liên Thương * , Nguyễn Văn Hiệp và Trịnh Diệp Phương Danh

* Tác giả liên hệ (lienthuong@gmail.com)

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Ngày nhận bài: 20-04-2021
Ngày duyệt đăng: 25-07-2016
Ngày xuất bản: 25-07-2016
Title: Cordyceps militaris: biological characteristics, pharmaceutical values and elements affecting the cultivating process
DOI: 10.22144/ctu.jvn.2016.460
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Thương, N. T. L., Hiệp, N. V., & Danh, T. D. P. (2016). Nấm đông trùng hạ thảo Cordyceps militaris: Đặc điểm sinh học, giá trị dược liệu và các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến quá trình nuôi trồng nấm. Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Cần Thơ, (44), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jvn.2016.460
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Số. 44 (2016)
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Abstract

Cordyceps militaris is an entomopathogenic fungus with many medicinal values similar to Cordyceps sinensis and has been used for a long time in traditional medicines. Different from Cordyceps sinensis, which has very low mass production and only grows in natural environment, the fungus Cordyceps militaris can be farmed in artificial conditions. Therefore, collecting of technical information and researches will help promoting the production of Cordyceps militaris in Vietnam to satisfy the demand of national and abroad markets. This study evaluated the role of Cordyceps militaris in modern medicine based on summing up the scientific research results, as well as assessing the biological characteristics and the effects of the cultivating conditions for Cordyceps militaris to develop farming processes in our country, which will bring essential economic benefits for local producers. Results from scientific publications showed that there had been many researches confirming the potential applications of C.militaris in illness treatment, also it was widely used in the modern pharmaceutical industry, such as cancer treatment, immunomodulatory, impaired liver and kidney function, etc. (Shonkor, 2010; Seulmee et al., 2009). For the production of C.militaris in artificial conditions, the strict control of environmental conditions such as fungal seeds, temperature, humidity, light, and nutrients was found as essential to maintain the yield and quality C.militaris mushrooms.
Keywords: Cordyceps militaris, culture condition, medicinal value

Tóm tắt

Nấm đông trùng hạ thảo Cordyceps militaris là một loài nấm ký sinh trên côn trùng có giá trị dược liệu quý tương tự như nấm Cordyceps sinensis và được sử dụng nhiều trong y học cổ truyền trong nhiều năm qua. Khác với nấm Cordyceps sinensis với sản lượng rất ít và chỉ mọc trong tự nhiên, loài nấm Cordyceps militaris có thể được nuôi trồng trong điều kiện nhân tạo. Do đo, việc tìm hiểu thông tin kỹ thuật và nghiên cứu về quy trình nuôi trồng sẽ giúp cho việc sản xuất nấm C.militaris thương phẩm tại Việt Nam, đáp ứng nhu cầu thị trường trong và ngoài nước. Nghiên cứu này đánh giá vai trò của nấm đông trùng hạ thảo Cordyceps militaris trong y học hiện đại trên cơ sở tổng hợp nhiều kết quả nghiên cứu khoa học, đồng thời đánh giá các đặc điểm sinh học và ảnh hưởng của các điều kiện nuôi trồng lên loại nấm Cordyceps militaris nhằm phục vụ cho phát triển các quy trình nuôi trồng ở nước ta, đem lại những lợi ích kinh tế thiết thực cho các nhà sản xuất ở các địa phương. Kết quả nghiên cứu từ các công bố khoa học cho thấy nấm C.militaris được nhiều nghiên cứu khẳng định tiềm năng ứng dụng trong điều trị bệnh, đồng thời cũng được sử dụng rộng rãi trong ngành công nghiệp dược phẩm hiện nay, ví dụ như trong điều trị ung thư, điều hòa miễn dịch, suy giảm chức năng gan, thận... (Seulmee et al., 2009; Shonkor, 2010). Đối với việc sản xuất nấm C.militaris ở trong điều kiện nhân tạo, việc kiểm soát chặt chẽ các yếu tố điều kiện môi trường nuôi trồng nấm như giống, nhiệt độ, ẩm độ, ánh sáng và dinh dưỡng là hết sức cần thiết để duy trì sản lượng và chất lượng nấm C.militaris.
Từ khóa: Cordyceps militaris, điều kiện nuôi cấy, giá trị dược liệu

Article Details

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