The subject ?Making a square-watermelon? has been researched in order to enrich the fruit lines, to colourize the national cultural character ofVietnam?s Tet holiday. We have done four experiments in Binh Thuy and Phong Dien District, Can Tho city from 2004 to 2006 and gotten the best results in which contained: 1/ aluminum frames with shortenable nylon ropes, 2/ thick glasses box-cover, 3/ put the watermelons in boxes at once (since the fruit reached 11-12 centimeters in diameter) and 4/ using the hybrid Yellow and the Thanh Long varieties (with the average weight is 1.9-2.0 kg/fruit, average horizontal and vertical circle is 45.5 and 49.4 centimeters, respectively).

POE (Prediction-Observation-Explaining) method was applied in chemistry teaching and learning in several high schools inCanthoCity. Some of first results are good. It shows that this method has many strong points and a wide application ability in chemistry teaching and learning at high school level. However, the use of POE method also meets some disadvantages in practice.

This study was conducted to understand the flowering behavior and fruit development of ?Xuong Com Vang? longan (Dimocarpus longan (Lour.) Steud.) and their results will be useful for studying the techniques to improve the yield of this cultivar. Four year-old Xuong Com Vang scion grafted on Long rootstock that grown in Chau Thanh district, Dong Thap province were investigated from 3-8/2005. The results showed that normal flowering appeared on April and harvesting on August with the percentage of flowering over 80%. There were 1.514,2 flowers per inflorescence, of which female and hermaphrodite flowers were 311.6 (20%). The percentage of fruit set was relative low (13%). The immature fruit drops were concentrated in the first 30 - day after fruit set and it was 77% in total at the harvesting time that caused number of fruit per inflorescence was low (9.6 fruit/inf.). Fruits developed in 12 wks. following the simple curve in which the fruit weight increased very fast from 6th to 11th. The fruit weight at the harvest time was 21.9 ± 0.5 g, of which the fresh aril was 62%.

Penaeus monodon culturing in extensive models with different numbers of years of culture, model designs is very popular in the Mekong delta. The research was conducted in combination type in 10 years of culture (60% of forest and 40% for surface water area), and in separated new model (70% and 30% one with less than 7 months of culture). The result showed that the concentration of N-NO3- (0.22-0.25 mg/L) was not suitable for the growth of shrimp (0.4-0.8 mg/L). P-PO43- concentration was very low 0.02-0.03 mg/L. DO was 3.84 mg/L less than the lower threshold (4 mg/L) in the separated model and was 6.05 mg/L in the combination one. The H2S concentration in two models was 4-6 times higher than normal shrimp growth level (less than 0.05 mg/L). Salinity, alkalinity, pH, and transperancy were suitable for shrimp. H2S concentration may be a risk for farmer during harvesting. Removing the branches of mangrove trees along shrimp ditch is one way to limit the H2S in water.

At the end of 2001, the Mekong Delta Development Research Institute (MDI) of Cantho University and the VVOB organization of Belgium implemented the Mekong Delta Agricultural Extension Project (MDAEP) at four pilot sites of provinces in the Mekong Delta: Soc Trang, An Giang, Ca Mau and Ben Tre.  Up to the year 2003, the project was spread to eight more sites, covering all remaining provinces of the Mekong Delta and gained experiences in introducing the Participatory Technology Development (PTD) into extension activities.  Experiences and lesson learnt from PTD practicing at these pilot sites led to follow-on phase 2 (2005-2007) - institutional integration of PTD into agricultural extension activities, started on October, 2005.  The MDAEP used this successful example of local innovation as an entry-point to introduce PTD - an approach of participatory agricultural extension into the existing extension system of theMekongDelta provinces.

The experiment was designed in randomized completed block, 6 replications, each replication equal to 10 clusters. There were 5 treatments that were open pollination, assisted self and cross pollination with pollens of ?Monthong?,? RI 6? or ?Kho Qua Xanh?. The results showed that ?Sua Hat Lep? durian could be partially self-incompatible. Assisted cross pollination increased fruit set, fruit retention, number of aril/locule, aril/fruit leading increasing fruit weight and yield but it did not effect on percentage of abnormal seed, water content in aril and total solid solution. The colour of aril that assisted cross pollination with ?Monthong? as male parent was yellow to dark yellow nearly look like that of  from self pollination, nevertheless it was sweeter, greasier and drier than  that of from ?RI 6? or ?Kho Qua Xanh?.

To determine the efficacy of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (P. palatiferum) to piglets? diarrhea by comparing with those of commercial combination antibiotics, first, the antibacterial susceptibilities expressed by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were tested. P. palatiferum was more effective to gram negative bacteria (MIC = 256mg/ml) than  gram positve bacteria (MIC = 512mg/ml). Next, P. palatiferum in fresh leave and leaf powder were used to treat diarrhea for  822 suckling piglets at Mien Tay pig farm and Phuoc Tho pig farm. The result showed that the efficacy in curing piglet's diarrhea of fresh leave and leaf powder was the same. The more increasing dosage of leaf powder was the more getting efficacy. At the dose of 1g/kg bodyweight (B.W) of leaf powder got the most effective, the same as  Cotrimoxazol at 0,1g/kg B.W or Coli-Norgent at 0,1g/kg B.W.

Testing and assessment is of big significance to learners, instructors and mangers. Equitable testing and assessment contributes to enhancement of learning quality. In this paper, we will present theoretical issues concerning testing and assessing learners? performance and innovations in the area conducted at the School of Education, Can Tho University. We conclude the paper with specific proposals to innovate our testing and assessment methods.

Studies under the screen house condition (T= 32.70C, H= 70.4%) showed that the insect life cycle was in average of 64.3 (61-68) days including the egg incubation of 9.8 (9-11) days, the larval stage with eight instars of 42.3 (38-45) days, and  the adult longevity of 35.8 (25-54) days for male and 28.7 (22-36) days for female. The mated female started to lay eggs at 13.2 (10-16) days after the adult emergence and the average number of eggs laid was 836 (620-1205) with the egg hatchability of 92.1% (90-95). The unmated female adults also laid eggs but without hatchability and most of the females collected from light traps were already mated and ready for oviposition with egg hatching. For mass rearing, larvae can be fed with young grass leaves added with rice brain though the survival percentage and body weight of harvested larvae were recorded as lower than of grasses mixed with animal feeds, such as Hi-Gro 151.

Xylose is considered as one of starting materials for synthesizing drugs to treat cancer,    AIDS and other serious diseases.  Efficent synthesis of important derivatives for the drugs from D-xylose has been achieved. The key steps of synthesis involved conversion of D?xylose into 1,2-isopropylidene-?-D-xylofuranose, 5-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-?-D-xylofuranose and 5-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-?-D-xylo-furanose.

This paper focuses to find out and measure the household allocative efficiency (AE) and cost efficiency (CE) in the two kinds of production area such as  the flooded and non-flooded areas in Tri Ton and Cho Moi District, AnGiangProvince. Along with this, the author tries to make the conclusions from the findings more valuable by taking the comparisons of the allocative efficiency and the cost efficiency between the two selected patterns. For the cross-sectional data obtained for the 2005 agricultural year, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach is used to estimate the household allocation and cost efficiency. The empirical results indicate that farmers with crop rotation pattern are more efficient than farmers with continuous rice pattern in terms of allocation and cost efficiency in the flooded areas and the non-flooded areas as well.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer quantities on the activity phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase (PAL) and on systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against rice blast disease was studied on rice cultivar OMCS 2000 (susceptible to blast disease). SAR induced by soaking and  incubating the seeds with Sporothrix sp. (107spores.ml-1), acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) (300ppm) . Challenge by P. grisea (50000 fresh spores/ml) took place  at 14-day after sowing. Disease severity was assessed  at 7 days after challenging.  Samples for PAL-activity estimation were collected at different times after inoculating.  Either Sporothrix sp. or acibenzolar-S-methyl give rise the disease resistance of the rice. However, the higher nitrogen fertilizer applied (180N) the less disease was suppressed by the inducers. ASM treatments have demonstrated  better results than Sporothrix sp. one.  Time course of PAL activities overall increased in compared with control and related with SAR, their activities varied dependently with different inducers or nitrogen fertilizer amount, whenever  lower nitrogen fertilizer but higher enzyme activity.  

Nitrogen (N) retention and ileal and total tract digestibility of amino acids (AA) of ensiled shrimp waste (ESW) was determined in adult Super-Meat ducks. The complete ramdomized design experiment was used with 4 diets and three replicates. The diets were 0, 8, 16, 32% ESW replacing fish meal (DM basis). The results showed that N retention linearly decreased (P

The study tested the multidimensional scale SERVPERF and used this scale to measure quality in higher education, that was considered as a service. AnGiangUniversityand its students were the objects of the study . The findings indicate that: (1) SERVPERF is still a multidimensional scale, but its components have transformed, (2) Lecturers, Facilities and Reliability are the most important components of service quality in higher education.

The total number of Sind-crossbred cattle inspected was 699 heads. For the appearance characteristics, the excellent class of cows was 27.23%, and very good, good and fair classes were 21.05, 19.91, and 31.81%, respectively. The excellent class of bulls was 62.82% and the very good, good and fair classes were 11.54, 11.54, and 14.10%, respectively. About the classification by growth rate of the first litter cows, the excellent class was 25.86%, and very good, good and fair classes were 24.14, 20.69, and 29.31%, respectively. In 19 bulls from 24 to 35 months of age, the excellent, very good and good classes were 15.79, 26.32 and 57.89%, respectively. According to the results, the appearance characteristics of the Sind-crossbred cattle in Vinh Long province was good, however there were still some basic weaknesses of small size, short legs, under-developed hump and dewlap and un-proportional big belly. For the growth rate, the percentages of excellent and very good cattle classified were low because the breed quality was not good, and the feeding conditions did not meet the requirements of the crossbred cattle.

Isolating the chemical ingredients of the leaves of Vietnamese medicinal plant Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk (Acanthaceae) cultivated in the exprimental farm of CanTho university found the mixture of stigmasterol and ?-sitosterol (C29H48O) from petroleum ether extracts, and ?-sitosterol-3-O-?-glucoside (C35H60O6) and apigenin 7-O-?-glucoside (C21H20O10) from chloroform extracts. Structures of these compounds had been elucidated by MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, HSQC, COSY and HMBC.

Studies were carried to determine endogenous factors and types of somatic embryo structures during embryogenesis of Duong mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Experiments comprised conversion of friable calli to somatic embryos. Observing and recording structure types formed at anatomical level and evaluating endogenous plant growth regulators during embryogenesis. Results showed that respond to arise somatic embryo from friable calli of nucellar culture obtained on basal medium (BM) supplemented sugar galactose 20 g/l. There were many abnormal structures appeared during embryogenesis. Abnormal structures observed at anatomical level showed that there were many cell zones polarized and stuck together. Measurement of endogenous plant growth regulator amount showed that amount of auxin, abscisic acid and gibberellin were not different statistically during embryogenesis. But amount of cytokinin increased during formation of globular, heart and cotyledonary embryos.

Burkholderia cepacia TG17, isolated from rice field of Chau Thanh district, Tien Giang province, is an antagonistic bacterium against rice sheath blight fungus, Rhizoctonia solani. Objective of the experiment is to establishment suitable cultural and conserved media to multiply and commercialize the bacterium as biological fungicide. The subject has two steps. In the first experiment, results showed that 80 mixed liquid soybean and rice bran in 250 ml erlenmeye were shaked on a horizontal shaker with 100 times/ minute frequency is more suitable for multiply the bacteruim and increased the population to 2.3 x 1010 CFU/ml, after 72h of culture. In seconds experiment, results showed that grinded corncob with agar concentration 0.05% medium was the best to maintain alive time of the bacterium up to 150 days.

This paper devotes to analyze social and economic efficiency of the avoid-blood residential zones (ABRZ) in AnGiangprovinceand Can Tho city by employing the pre-post comparison and the DID methods (difference in differences). The empirical results indicate that after resettling at ABRZ, the number of the landless households, the off-farm labor and the rate of unemployment in the ABRZ increase. However, the land size per household, on-farm labor, and the income of the household decrease sharply. Moreover, the income of household (treatment group) in ABRZ decreases to compare to that of household (control group) in the out of the ABRZ. After settling at ABRZ, the living conditions of the households are improved significantly (education, social activities, health services).

In Winter-Spring season 2006 - 2007, experiments were conducted to select high yielding mungbean varieties which give high economic effect as compared to rice. The experiment also evaluated effect of cowdung increase on rice and mungbean yield in upland and lowland areas in Nui Dai, An Giang province. Results show that the profit of mungbean cropping is higher than that of rice cropping from 1.2 ? 2 millions VND/ ha, and it can replace the Winter - Spring season rice. Three high yielding mungbean varieties include 2 MT (1.64 T/ha), V8-20 (1.64 T/ha), D49 (1.55 T/ha). Optimum dosages of cowdung for upland mungbean practice were 15~20 T/ ha. In the lowland areas, cowdung had no economic effects. Suitable dosages of cowdung for lowland rice were 5 - 10 T/ha, give the yield increase 810 ~ 880 kg/ ha; profit increase 1,23 ~ 1,92 millions VND/ ha, and MRR  1,22 ~ 3.84 in comparison with control.

This study examined whether or not learner collaboration varied according to language proficiency with respect to the amount, the types, the linguistic targets, and the outcomes of incidental focus on form. Two intact groups, a higher proficiency group with 14 learners and a lower one with 15 learners, were chosen. Data were collected during the two activities, One and Seven, of the English Proficiency Programme study theme ?Endangered Species in New Zealand? at Victoria University of Wellington. Results suggest that learner proficiency affected not only the amounts, the types (reactive and preemptive) but also the outcomes (correctly solved and not-correctly solved) of incidental focus on form. Analyses also revealed that learners were more involved in lexical-semantic and phonological than in morphosyntactic targets.

Land use changes in the coastal areas have happened due to the physical settings and led to improving financial income of the local farmers. However, due to such land use changes, soil properties as well as socio-economic settings of the study area have been varied as well. Therefore, the research was caried out for evaluating the change of soil properties, and zoning different agro-ecological areas in the Vinh Chau, Long Phu, My Xuyen districts, Soc Trang province. The land use has been strongly changed over time. The area of rice has significantly decreased whereas has meaningly increased the intensive shrimp farming. The main reasons led to the land use change: (i) To be suitable to the physical conditions of soil, water (ii) To be suitable to the land use plan; (iii) To learn from other farmers; and (iv)  To be in the best use of land resources.

Water samples were taken at the sewer mouths, Sang Trang 1 canal, Sang Trang 2 canal, and Hau river in the high and low tidal in the wet and dry seasons. The results showed that water quality at sewer mouths in Tra Noc Industrial Zone I did not reach the Vietnamese Standard for Industrial Wastewater (TCVN 5945-2005) for discharge directly into adjacent water environment in terms of TN, TP, and total Fe. The pollution level of surface water was especially serious at the primary affected water source (Sang Trang 1 canal), less than the secondary affected water source (Sang Trang 2 canal) and control river (sông Hau) exceeded Vietnamese Standard for Surface Water Quality (TCVN 5942-1995). Tidal regimes considerably affected on concentration of pollutants in the primary affected water source, the secondary affected water source and the control site.

The study aims to analyze how to attract a capital investment and its effectiveness for economic development in Can Tho City. The Solow economic growth model and Incremental Capital-Output Ratio (ICOR) were used to analyze the effectiveness of using capital investment for economic development from the data base of 119 samples in the period 1990-2006. The results from the study have been demonstrated that the capital investment and labor are two main factors contributing effectively to the economic growth and development of Can Tho City. In fact, the agricultural sector has not been paid attention enough for development of high technological agricultural products; meanwhile, the industry has not been the motivation for encouraging economic development. Besides, the business-service has not met needs of economic development in the context of worldwide trade. In order to increase effectiveness of the development investment in Can Tho City, it is necessary to reinforce the attracting and using capital investments effectively. Moreover, training professional and technical labor skills to enhance the quality of labor should be strengthened as well as giving priority for investing and applying high technologies of production should be also considered.

This study was conducted to aim at improving the post-harvest quality and storage life of ?Hong? mandarin and decrease post harvest losses.  Three experiments were conducted at the lab of Plant Physiology, Cantho university, from December 2004 to April 2005. The results showed that: (1) Storing in PE bag bored with three holes at room temperature could prolong the post-harvest shelf life up to five weeks, fruit weight loss ratio was low, the fruits still freshly and peel color was good appearance; (2) Storing at 15°C could extend the post-harvest shelf life up to seven weeks, the peel color remained good appearance, no disease incidence and chilling injury was observed, fruit weight loss ratio also low, °Brix and pH values always stable; (3) Combination of storing in PE bag bored with three holes and at 15°C extended the post-harvest shelf life up to nine weeks, fruit weight loss ratio and disease incidence were lowest, fruit peel color and quality indexes almost stable throughout the post-harvest storage.

Pseudomonas stutzeri strain E1 shows a two-time accelerated swarming behavior in minimal medium with sprayed phenanthrene in swimming assays and a five-time higher chemotaxis towards dissolved phenanthrene in capillary assays.  A mutant bank of strain E1 was constructed using the pTnMod-OGm plasposon mutagenesis system.  82 out of 2639 electroporants screened showed an altered phenotype of phenanthrene-driven motility and/or phenanthrene degradation. 16 representative mutants were selected for sequencing the genes flanking the plasposon insertion. Mutations in flhA resulted in abolished swimming and swarming phenotype, and in flgK resulted in abolished swimming and diminished swarming phenotype.  A mutation in cheY performed abolished swimming and reduced swarming activity while a gidA mutation resulted in decreased phenanthrene degradation and both decreased swimming and swarming behavior. A mutation in gene encoding a Zn dependent protease and in a gene encoding capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis protein resulted in abolished swarming suggesting that these proteins also play a potential role in the swarming activity of P. stutzeri E1. Pseudomonas stutzeri dòng E1 có khả năng di chuyển bề mặt tăng gấp đôi khi nuôi trong môi trường tối thiểu được phủ phenanthrene.  Thí nghiệm mao dẫn cũng cho thấy E1 di chuyển nhanh gấp năm lần về hướng có phenanthrene.  Plasposon pTnMod-OGm được dùng để tạo thư viện đột biến dòng E1.  Trong số 2639 đột biến đã khảo sát, 82 đột biến biểu hiện những thay đổi về khả năng di chuyển theo phenanthrene và/hoặc phân hủy phenanthrene.  16 đột biến được chọn để giải trình tự của các gen đột biến tương ứng. Đột biến gen flhA làm E1 mất khả năng bơi và di chuyển bề mặt, đột biến gen flgK làm mất khả năng bơi và giảm khả năng di chuyển bề mặt của E1.  Đột biến gen cheY làm mất khả năng bơi và giảm khả năng di chuyển bề mặt trong khi đột biến gen gidA làm giảm khả năng phân hủy phenanthrene và giảm cả khả năng bơi và di chuyển bề mặt của E1.  Đột biến gen tổng hợp protein Zn-dependent protease và gen tổng hợp vỏ polysaccharide làm cho E1 mất khả năng di chuyển bề mặt chứng tỏ các protein này cũng giữ vai trò tiềm năng trong hoạt động di chuyển bề mặt của P. stutzeri E1.

The use of questionnaires and interviews as research instruments has become common inVietnamfor the last decade. These instruments are indispensable in research social sciences and their design needs to be based on several underlying principles to yield more reliable results. There are, however, many researchers utilizing these instruments without an understanding of the basic principles in designing them. This paper attemps to present the fundamentals in using instruments to collect data for social sciences research, based on an analysis of the questionnaires used in some  theses in teaching French graduate programs.

Objective of the study is to measure the economic value of groundwater pollution in theMekongDelta. Applying the contingent valuation method, the mean willingness to pay estimated by Probit model was 141,730 VND (US$8.86)/household/year. Groundwater could be an inferior good in the Delta with the negative income effect found in the demanding for clean groundwater. There were eight statistically significant variables, including both exogenous and endogenous, related to a respondent?s WTP response while there were only four statistically significantly exogenous variables affecting the maximum offer price a respondent voted for in the OLS model. Respondent?s gender and groundwater-related health risk consideration were factors sensitively affecting the WTP values. Household income had a positive effect on the probability of demanding for groundwater protection.

Results of field surveys and bioassays under the laboratory and greenhouse condition showed that H. undalis attacked 11 species of cruciferous vegetables, usually at the stage of 5-10 days after seeding and gave heavy damage in the dry season crops. Studies under the laboratory condition (30,50C, 76,6%) on the common cruciferous vegetable Brassica integrifolia showed that the life cycle from egg-to-adult of the insect averaged 18.1 (17-19) days, of which the egg incubation was 2.29 (2-3) days, larval stage with 4 instars was 9.04 (7-12) days, pupal stage was 5.32 (5-6) days and the adult longevity was 6-7 days, the female moth laid on average of 188.25 (125-308) eggs. Vertimec 1,8EC (abamectin) and Biobit 32B.FC (B. t. var. kurstaki) showed the high larval mortalities in the laboratory testing.

An early fire hazard warning system has being developed for the Vo Doi Nature Reserve at Ca Mau province in theMekongDelta,Vietnam. The fire risk was based upon on the calculation of the fire ignition index after Nesterov (1949). This study is to investigate the modification of the equation and ignition index in Vo Doi Nature forest Reserve at Ca Mau province. Climate factors investigated include rainfall, air dry, wet temperature, humidity, and number of days without rain. Beside that, the combination with moisture content of leaf litter. The modified fire equation and ignition index calculated and applied for Vo Doi Nature Reserve in Ca Mau province.

A study of replacement of para grass by water spinach leaves in the diet of crossbred rabbit to improve the growth rate and profit was done atCanthoUniversity. It was composed of two experiments. In the experiment 1 twenty four growing rabbits of 56 days of age were arranged in a complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments included para grass replaced by the water spinach leaves at levels of 0, 25, 50 and 75% (DM basis). In experiment 2 the similar experimental design was done with 24 rabbits of 84 days of age for evaluating digestibility and nitrogen retention. After 49 days, the results were found that average of daily live weight gain was 13.0, 12.9, 15.1 and 18.9g in the treatments of para grass replaced by the water spinach leaves of  0, 25, 50 and 75%, respectively. It was concluded that the replacement of 50 and 75% para grass by water spinach leaves gave better nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, growth rate and  profits.

The aim of using rumen fluid (RF) as nutrient sources for microbial growth to replace chemicals in in vitro digestibility measurement of ruminant feedstuffs was conducted.  Three experiments were arranged in randomly complete designs with 4 treatments and 3 replications in three swamp buffaloes.  The results found that the using 42ml RF+ 8ml buffer solution (BS) could replace the chemicals such as trypticase, macro and microminerals as nutrient sources in in vitro digestibility measurement produced by Goering and van Soest (1970).  The values of  in vitro of 42ml RF+8ml BS was closely correlated with that in in sacco digestibility method (r2=0.83),  in vitro of Goering and van Soest (r2=0.96) and  in vitro of using feces as inocculum (r2=0.90).  The conclusion was that the in vitro of 42ml RF+8ml BS could be used to determine ruminant feed digestibility potentially. However, more studies should be done to confirm and propagate the technique.

With Lang Xang, although having to struggle for independence and freedom drastically over a half century, the recently sophisticated international relationship conducted the result that on the one hand Lang Xang defended its independence, on the other hand it defined the scale of territory of the kingdom. The regionally hegemonic dispute particularly controlling Chieng Mai chiefly played out between two hereditary contenders, Burmaand Siam. With Burma, later semi-century XVI was a happy period in its history. All Thai?s countries at least once had to submit to Burmese. Chieng Mai became umbilical problem in relation between Burmaand Thai?s countries. During that period, between Xiam and Lan Xang was a temporary coalition. And in the historic collide between Burmaand Lan Xang about Chiềng Mai, Siamsupported Lan Xang, but of course, they didn?t agree with that Chiềng Mai belonged to Lan Xang. This powerful triangular had provisional inclination toward Burma, but was balanced again in late 16th century at last.

The study and survey of insect pests conducted in storages of rice, corn, food for animals in Can tho city and An giang province during the 2 recent years from 2002 to 2003 indicated that there were 23 species identified in the storage of Can tho, 7 of them occurred in high density such as Tribolium castaneum Herbst, Sitophilus oryzae L., Ahasverus advena Waltl,? and 27 insect species identified in the storage of An giang, 6 of them occurred in high density such as Tribolium castaneum Herbst, Latheticus oryzae Waterhouse, Cryptolestes munitus Oliv.,... Most of them belong to the Coleoptera order.  The diversity of storage insects in An giang province was more plentiful than that in Can tho province.

From the ethyl acetate extract of Hawkbit (Taraxacum officinale WIGG), one flavonoid glycoside was isolated by chromatography methods. It's structure was elucidated as luteolin-7-O-b-D-glucopyranside by modern spectrometric methods.

The first purpose of this study is to consider the mediators in the relationship between the TPB variables ? satisfaction, social norms and behavioral control ? and repurchase loyalty toward fish. In addition, a cross-sectional analysis is also conducted to explore the differences in different market situations. The results showed that the involvement and attitudinal loyalty played mediating role for the effects of satisfaction, social norms and perceived behavioral control on repurchase loyalty. The findings from a cross-sectional analysis indicated that satisfaction, in almost cases, had the strongest effect. Social norms played a more important role in explaining attitudinal loyalty compared with behavioral control, while involvement was explained by behavioral control better than social norms. Lastly, the evidences in the difference across different markets were also found.

The experimental design included 2 different environmental treatments (TLOW: 23oC, 60% H vs THIGH: 33oC, 60% H). The pigs were fed ad libitum on the same diet during 4 weeks. At the final period 4 pigs were killed, adipose tissues were sampled and stored in the super freezer at -40oC and for liver samples at -80oC. Results on daily weight gain of pigs were significantly higher (P

The research was carried from September of 2004 to June of 2005. On each area, 10 soybean- farmers were interviewed for their cultural practices and knowledge concerning pests and entomophagous insects. Later, 6 soybean fields including 3 fields in which used less pesticide and 3 fields in which used a lot of pesticide were selected for entomophagous insect survey. The results showed that 79% of interviewed farmers get no knowledge of entomophagous in[1]sects and 100% of them used insecticides. The field survey revealed that there were 129 insect species of 13 orders with 75 families,  53 of them are entomophagous species; 44 are herbivore ones and the remaining of 32 species have not yet been identified their roles in soybean-ecosystem. The diversity index (H) and species evenness (E) ofShannon of entomophagous were higher in the fields that used less insecticide in comparision with the fields that used a lot of insecticide. 

On the basis of gathering data on bilingual contexts between Vietnamese and Khmer language in Mekong Delta, this paper aims at discovering Khmer language use contexts, calculating the frequency of Vietnamese in daily Khmer discourses (shown in recorded tapes), analyzing Khmer youths? choice of language in their everyday and culture life (using the questionnaire and interview 10, 11 and 12 grade Khmer students in the Provincial minority boarding school), and grown-up Khmer people who come from various backgrounds such as educational level, living contexts... The paper concentrates on making clear the overall picture of Vietnamese - Khmer language use in Tra Vinh with the preparation for the coming studies on bilingual, language contact results of Vietnamese and Khmer in linguistics aspects: lexicon, phonology and grammar. 

Experiments were conducted to select high yield varieties of mungbean and optimal dosages of cowpat in rice ? mungbean rotation practices on the upland and lowland in Dai mountain area, An Giang. Results show that 3 high yield varieties include 2 MT (1.39 ~ 1.64 T/ha), V8-20 (1.64T/ha), D49 (1.55 T/ha). Optimum dosages of cowpat for upland mungbean practice were from 15~20 T/ ha which give yield increase 320~440 kg/ ha; profit increase 1.3 - 1.9 millions VND/ ha and MRR 0.89 ~ 0.95 in comparison with control. For lowland field, the effect of cowpat on mungbean yields are only achieve 100 kg/ha at cowpat level of 15 T/ha, and all of cowpat levels give the negative profit and MRR. Suitable dosages of cowpat for lowland rice from 5 - 10 T/ha, give the yield increase from 810 ~ 880 kg/ ha; but only with level cowpat of 5 T/ha give the highest profit increase 1.92 millions VND/ ha, and MRR  = 3.84  in comparison with control.

PID controller is a very popular controller in industry, that is commonly designed by the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method. However, due to the effect of noise and the errors of measuring devices, it is difficult to obtain the optimal values of Kp, Kd and Ki of the PID controller. In that case, the designer needs an experimental process for fine tuning the controller, which is unreliable to reach the optimum parameters. In order to improve the fine tuning process, the paper presents a solution of using Genetic Algorithm to achieve the optimum PID controller around the operating point of the Ziegler-Nichols algorithm. The results getting from simulations on DC motor speed control system indicates that using Genetic Algorithm can improve the quality of the PID controller. The system response has no overshoot. The rising time is reduced up to 98±0.24%. And the steady-state time is decreased up to 97±0.33%. 

Survey data collected from 294 private firms in Kien Giang indicates that investment of the firms depends largely on their owned capital which is mostly created from profits in previous years. Therefore, an increase in profits is likely to induce more investment of the firms. Due to limited owned capital, firms also resort to loans from commercial banks. In addition, the firms rely on the sales growth to make the investment decision. It is obvious that sales growth mainly depends on internal capacity of the firm such as management ability and experience, financial capacity, business premises and so forth. Findings from this study also show a negative relationship between firm size and investment, that is, big firms are less likely to expand their size than the smaller ones are. Moreover, firms with higher ability to expand their business premises are less likely to invest in business expansion due to huge profits from land speculation. Keywords: private firms, investment, owned capital, borrowed capital Title: Determinants of investment decision of private firms in Kien Giang

This study was carried out to evaluate the promising clone of cocoa being high yield components, good quality that were suitable for cocoa bean export and chocolate processing. Based on the color and shape of flower, characteristics of fruit and bean, there were 7 clones of cocoa grown at Cai Rang district, Can Tho city to be evaluated from 1/2005 to 1/2006. Five trees per clone and 6 pods per tree were used to evaluate. Percentage of total lipid was extracted following AOAC (2000). The result showed that all of 7 clones belong to Trinitario, of which clone 1, 5 and 6 have the fruit-like of Criollo; clone 2, 3, 4, 6 and 10 have the fruit-like of Forsatero. Three clones: 2, 4 and 10 got high yield (>4 kg dry bean.tree-1.year-1), high dry bean weight (1.13-1.44 g per dry bean); number of bean per pod from 35-41; rate of dry bean per fresh weight over 40% and percentage of total lipid in dry bean from 53 to 55% that were suitable for bean export and chocolate processing.

For detection of fragrant genotyping in rice, we used primers based on a specific region of an eight base pair deletion and three SNP?s in a gene of chromosome 8 which encodes a putative betain aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BAD2). Using four primers within a single PCR reaction allows identification between homozygous fragrant, homozygous non-fragrant and heterozygous non-fragrant individuals in a population segregating for fragrance. Primers ESP and IFAP amplify a 257 bp fragment DNA from a fragrant allele. Primers INSP and EAP amplify a 355 bp fragment DNA from a non-fragrant allele. Therefore, these specific primers are very useful for rapid detection of fragrance genotyping in rice varieties.

The study aimed to analyse production efficiency and its determinants of raising field oviparous ducks by households in theMekongDelta. Results of the study showed that raising field oviparous ducks saved production cost and unit cost per egg relatively low; hence, it increased farmers?income, profit and limited production risks for households. The profit of raising field oviparous ducks was strongly relative to production determinants as how to raise field oviparous ducks, in which farm households raised  oviparous ducks from ducklet earned higher profit. The avian influenza and other disease were also one of the main production risks for raising field oviparous ducks; therefore, it is necessary for farm households in order to access to vaccination and good veterinary services at their local area.     

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