Aquaculture industry has been developing in Vietnam, however, the water pollution in ponds caused many difficult problems for aquaculture, especially shrimp farming. The use of microbial products to stabilize water quality, reduce the amount of suspended organic matter in the water and reduce the toxic gas in water is essential and bacterial strains with bio-flocculant activity are as solution. From 13 water samples collected from shrimp ponds at Tra Vinh province, 59 isolates were isolated including 39 isolates of Gram positive bacteria and 18 isolates of Gram negative bacteria. After screening these bacteria by Gram staining and spore staining methods, 22 isolates that were Gram positive and spore bacteria were identified. The flocculating rate of 22 Gram positive isolates with kaolin suspension showed that MS 9.4 had the strongest flocculating rate (75,83%). MS 9.4 isolate was identified by the 16S-rRNA sequencing and biological test. Some biological activities including salinity tolerance, acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance were identified. The biochemical characteristics of MS 9.4 were similar to Bacillus subtilis, while 16S-rRNA gene sequence of MS 9.4 strain was 100% similar to Bacillus subtilis IAM12118, so MS 9.4 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. This strain is resistant to salt (7%), tolerate with low pH (pH = 2), bile salt tolerant (2%) but it did not inhibit Vibrio spp.

For the purpose of processing the pasteurized melon juice (Cucumis melo L.), the study was conducted based on the determination of the factors effected on the product’s quality, including: (i) the concentration of enzyme pectinase (0.1-0.5%) and the treatment time of pectinase (1-4 hour) on the efficiency of extracting capacity; (ii) the influence of the blending ratio (oBrix=14-20) and pH (3.5-5.0); (iii) the influence of temperature (85-95oC) and time for pasteurization (10-20 minutes) to the quality of product. The results showed that the pectinase concentration of 0.3% and 2 hours of hydrolysis gave the highest extraction (88.54%). The melon juice with 18oBrix and 4.5 of pH had balanced flavor and the best color. The pasteurization model was of 95oC for 10 minutes (F = 27.85 minutes) ensured the product’s safety and quality.

MicroRNAs are short (~20nt to 25nt long) single – stranded RNA molecules that have emerged as important post- transcriptional regulators of gene expression. The maturation of miRNAs depends on either Dicer or Ago2. In this study, the role of Dicer in miR-144 maturation was investigated. MicroRNA 144 level in Dicer knock out cell lines was determined by real-time PCR. The results showed that miR-144 expression significantly decreased when Dicer was knocked out. This data suggests that the maturation of miR-144 is Dicer dependent.

Bovine preantral follicles (0.5–1 mm diameter) were collected from ovaries of slaughtered cows and cultured in vitro in TCM199 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS).  Follicles were cultured growing in 4-well plates, coated mineral oil with the three treatments: (1) TCM199, 10% FBS (control); (2) TCM199, 10% FBS, sodium pyruvate (0.1 mg/mL); (3) TCM199, 10% FBS, sodium pyruvate (0.1 mg/mL), estradiol (1 μg/mL), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH 0.02 UI/mL) and lutenizing hormone (LH 0.01 UI/mL). After 18 days of growing, collect oocytes and make it mature within 24 hours. Criteria were assessed by increasing the size of the follicle and the possible formation of the first terminal. The study results show that in vitro cultures early antral follicles (diameter

Sweetpotato tubers with grade 2, (small, broken or scratched) are cheap but are not utilized for food production. Sweetpotato varieties contain various biochemical compounds (water, sugar, starch, protein and lipid) to grow molds and yeasts for winemaking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate effects of four sweetpotato varieties (red, milk, purple and white) on: (i) medium change (Brix and acid) with the fermentation time and (ii) ethanol yield and quality (concentrations of ethanol, acid, aldehyde, methanol and ester; and sensory attributes) of the distilled wine. The results showed that the white sweetpotato roots had the lowest water content (67.57%), and the highest starch content (22.28%) among the four sweetpotatoes. The red sweetpotato contained the highest water content (75.87%) and the milky sweetpotato had the lowest starch content (14.62%). The distilled wine (liquor) would obtain the highest ethanol yield (95.6%), low foreign matter concentrations (aldehyde, methanol, acid and ester) and good sensory values (aroma and taste) if the white sweetpotato was used for winemaking. The liquor had the lowest ethanol yield (91.81%), high concentrations of the foreign matters and sour odor in case of using the milky sweetpotato. The statistical results showed that ethanol yield, ester and acid in the liquors were correlated significantly (p

The study was carried out to examine ecological characteristics of bamboo (Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble) cultivated in Luong Phi, Tri Ton, An Giang, and to analyze the morphological and genetic features. The results showed that total surveyed area including bamboos, perennial fruit trees, and timbers was 91.78 ha, whereas the bamboo area was 61.85 ha (67.39%). The soil analysis indicated that nutrients in bamboo cultivated region was poor. Regarding the morphology, most of the Luong Phi bamboos were cultivated for many years (above 15 years), so the rhizomes were lifted up. In term of anatomy, the external layer of Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble is thicker than orther bamboos. Under every node, there is a white ring which is clearly observed (especially one season trees). The average diameters of culms at different positions from land surface to the shoot were 4.3, 3.5, and 1.5 cm. To understand the genetic characteristics of Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble, the ITS (internal transcribed sequences) regions of Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble and 3 other bamboos were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences were examined using BioEdit 7.0 software, then the sequences were aligned with ClustalW program. After that, the phylogenetic tree was constructed by Mega X software using bootstrap test with Maximum Likelihood algorithm. The result showed that Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble had a close relationship with Denldrocalamus asper.

This study was conducted to examine nutritious factors affecting the growth of Trametes sanguinea (L.) Imazeki at various stages. The examined isolating media included PDA (supplied or non-supplied coconut juice). The second stage of culturing was evaluated basing on the development of mycelia on rice medium supplemented with rubber sawdust, rice bran and corn flour. At the third stage of culturing, cassava-stalk medium was supplied with sawdust, rice bran and corn flour were examined. Finally, the optimal ratio between rubber sawdust and corn flour were evaluated on fruiting bodies development. The results showed that PDA medium with 10% coconut juice supplement was the optimal medium for T. sanguinea (1.94 cm/day), and the medium with 5% rubber sawdust and 5% corn flour had the highest speed of mycelium development (0.84 cm/day). The optimum growth of T. sanguinea was in stalk of cassava with 10% of corn flour (0.88 cm/day). The highest productivity of fresh fruiting body was obtained in the medium with 10% corn flour supplement 95.76 g/bag (1 kg ingredient).

In this study, the morphologic and genetic diversity of barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp.), their susceptibility and resistance to quinclorac was examined. The results showed that nine out of fifteen barnyard grass samples were resistant to recommended dose (250 g a.i/ha) of quinclorac. The EC4 sample was highly resistant to quinclorac, with an effective dose of 50% inhibition response (ED50) of 416.5 g a.i/ha, giving a resistance index of 3.1. Basing on morphological and growth characteristics such as stem morphology, basal stem color, leaf blade margin color, leaf midrib color, spikelet color and spikelet awn types, barnyard grass samples were divided into 3 groups. Random amplified polymorphic DNA method (RAPD) was used to analyze genetic diversity of barnyard grasses using 9 primers. The amplification of the samples was showed a total of 62 repeatable fragments of which 36 bands were polymorphic (51.2% average). The genetic similarity of the samples was analyzed and revealed 3 distinct clusters with an average between-cluster and within-cluster similarity of 86 and 96%, respectively. Each cluster contained at least one resistant population without the correlation between genetic similarity and resistance level. Further research should be continuously performed to determine the gene of conferring resistance, to develop molecular analysis for rapid identification of quinclorac-resistance in Echinochloa.

This study was conducted to determine the procedure for culturing monkey head mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) by using sources of substrate provided from agricultural production. The culture media included Mizuno, PDA and PDA supplied 20% coconut water. The media for mycelium growth were rice seeds, brown rice seeds and maize seeds. Substrates for culturing fruiting body were rubber sawdust, bagasse, straw and coconut fiber that combined with different ratio. The results showed that the culture media PDA supplied 20% coconut water and Mizuno were better than the PDA medium in term of mycelium development. Rice seed and maize seed media were optimal for the growth of mycelia (0.39 cm/day). Regarding  the culturing substrates, the combination of 70% bagasse and 30% straw was the best medium for collecting fruiting bodies (94.03 g/bag (400 g ingredient))  and it was not significantly different from the medium with 100% bagasse. Polysaccharide content ranged from 18.0 to 26.23% dry weight in various substrate sources. The substrate with 100% bagasse had the highest polysaccharide content (26.23%). Based on the productivity and quality of mushroom, the combination of 70% bagasse and 30% straw was the best appropriate subtrate for cultivating Hericium erinaceus mushroom.

Synthetic antibiotics are commonly used to treat human and animal infectious diseases.  However, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is occurring worldwide. Endophytic bacteria capable of producing the natural antibacterial compounds from medicinal plants which opens a new way to solve that problem. The purpose of this study were to isolate endophytic bacteria from Moringa oleifera collected in Dong Thap province to investigate the antibacterial activity of these isolates against pathogenic microorganisms. PDA medium was used for isolation and test. Antibacterial ability of these strains was examined by using disc diffusion antibiotic sensitivity testing. The result showed that 19 out of 50 isolates had ability to inhibit at least one of three pathogenic bacterial strains. It has been found that 9 endophytic strains have ability against Escherichia coli, thirteen out of 35 strains were active against Aeromonas hydrophila, nine strains showed antibacterial activity against Staphyloccocus aureus. Cell-free extracts of T3.3 strain inhibited the growth of S. aureus. Based on 16S-rRNA gene sequences C3.3 and C1.4 were high similarity (98%) to the closely related strains Bacillus subtilis NBT-15, and Bacillus megaterium S1, respectively.

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of time, pH, temperature and substrate concentration on biological hydrolyzing chitin by lysozyme extracted from Hisex Brown egg for producing chitin oligosaccharide. The efficiency of hydrolysis in each treatment was evaluated by the generated reducing sugar followed Schales’s method. Lineweaver-Burk and Michaelis-Menten equations were also created to determine Vmax and Km values. The results indicated that the reducing sugar produced during hydrolysis was significantly affected by time, pH, temperature and substrate concentration (p < 0.05). The appropriate conditions for hydrolysis of chitin suspension with lysozyme were determined to be temperature of 65°C, pH of 5.5, time of 12 hours and chitin suspension of 0.1 mg/mL. The values ​​of Vmax and Km during hydrolysis were reported to be 0.225 μM/min and 0.022  mg/mL, respectively. The product from the hydrolysis process of chitin suspension was lyophilized for 48 hours to obtain a powder of soluble oligosaccharide.

This study is aimed to assess the ability against some pathogenic bacteria of isolated lactic acid bacteria from mothers’ breast milk and children stools. Thirty isolates were isolated on MRS-Cys medium, including 13 isolates from mothers’ breast milk and 17 isolates from children stools. All the isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila strains which were screened by agar spot assay test. Only strain HF4.2 was able to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. Bacteriocin production was observed by agar well diffusion assay. A subset of 11 isolates among 30 isolates were able to produce bacteriocin against Escherichia coli, 9/30 isolates against Staphylococcus aureus, 22/30 isolates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 22/30 isolates against Aeromonas hydrophila and no isolate was able to produce bacteriocin against Candida albicans. In combination of Agar spot assay test and Agar well difussion assay, strain HF4.2 was potential. Identification of bacteria by DNA sequencing method and biochemical characterization showed that strain HF4.2 is Enterococcus faecalis.

The study was carried out to investigate lipid oxidation and protein oxidation of snakehead fish meat by changing the salt concentration (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20% NaCl, w/v) and pH adjustment (4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) of soaking solution. The magnitude of oxidative changes was monitored by: (i) lipoxygenase enzyme activity (LOX), peroxide value (PV) and TBRAS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) value, (ii) protease activity, sulfhydryl index, and (iii) whiteness index, water holding capacity and drip loss (physicochemical properties). The results showed that salting process has limited the activity of lipoxygenase and protease enzymes, while improving the quality of fish meat. Salted fish in 12% NaCl (w/v) for 3 hours had significantly lower (p < 0.05) lipoxygenase and protease activity, PV and TBARS value and a higher sulfhydryl value when compared with control sample (no salt immersion) and salted fishes in lower salt concentration (4, 8% NaCl, w/v). In addition, lipid oxidation and protein oxidation of the snakehead fish meat was delayed at neutral pH of salt solution, which was most effective at pH 8. The quality of snakehead fish meat at this condition was also improved with whiteness index (WI) of 81.17, water holding capacity 72.39%, and drip loss 11.78%.

In this study, polyphenol from spent coffee grounds were extracted by solvent with the pretreatment by microwave and ultrasound then evaporated (vacuum). The concentrated extract was purified by silica-gel chromatography method. Additionally, the activity of antioxidants DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picry-hydrazyl-hydrate) effects of the extract and polyphenol powder were determined, as well as, antibacterial and antifungal effects. The result shows that the fractions which were obtained from silicagel column chromatography having a remarkable proportion of purification from 48.43% to 76.81%, the highest polyphenol content was 95.51 (μg/mL) at fraction 6. Moreover, polyphenol extract also had an antibacterial and antifungal activity with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 45μg/mL, 75μg/mL for Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger, respectively. DPPH  free radical scavenging activity of polyphenol extract with SC50 reached 53.78±4.65 (μg/mL).

This study was carried out to isolate bacteria associated with the sponges have the ability to create antibacterial activity. 29 sponge samples collected in the waters at Hon Nghe of Ha Tien sea, Kien Giang province, there were 236 bacteria isolated by using MA and SYP media. The survey with 6 strains of pathogenic microorganisms for human and animals, including Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Edwardsiella ictaluri, showed that 155/236 bacterial isolates were capable of producing antimicrobial agents against at least one of the six referenced strains. Thirteen isolates were selected (SN13d, SN14e, SN12m, SN20e, SN24d, MN26d, MN26g, N1a, N11d, N10a, N6a, N9a) with ability to resistant to three bacteria Gram-negative, Gram-positive and Candida albicans. A total of 13 strains were identified including twelve strains belonged to the genus Bacillus, and a strain was genus Halomonas. Bacillus tequilensis N1a strain resistants strongly with Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate lipid and protein as well as the quality changes of snakehead fish meat by salting, chilling method and cold storage. The results showed that ice chilling significantly reduced the time to reach 0°C of fish but did not affect lipoxygenase and protease activity and quality changes of snakehead fish meat when compared to conventional method (directly chilling in the refrigerator at -2÷0ºC). During cold storage (0÷2°C, 0÷15 days), salted fish (in 12% NaCl solution, 3 hours at room temperature) had a significant decrease in lipid oxidation, protein oxidation and quality changes when compared to fresh fish (no salt immersion). After 15 days of refrigerated storage, total aerobic bacteria of non-salted fish increased to 5.81 log (cfu/g) - approximately maximum limit under QCVN 8-3:2012/BYT. At the same time, the quality of salted fish was maintained for use in subsequent food processing.

The study was conducted to compare morphological characteristics of brown plant hopper lines in various ecological regions, simultaneously compare the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in the genome of the species. Thirty-six samples were collected and compared the phenotypes. The results showed that the differences in morphological features were not recorded among brown plant hopper populations collected from four areas including Dong Thap, Vinh Long, Can Tho and Hau Giang, and there was no differences with previous reports. Fourteen nucleotide sequences obtained from DNA sequencing were checked and analyzed with the software Bio-Edit V.7.0. After that, the PAUP* 4.0 program was employed to construct the phylogenetic tree which was generated with CI = 0.667 and RI = 0.7222. The genetic tree showed that clustering was very clear between the samples collected in alluvial soil regions (Group C with the samples 3VL, 6VL, 21VLHT and 7HG) and acid soil areas (Group D with the samples 34DTHT, 28HGHT, 32DTHT,  11HG, 9HG, 35DTHT), but not between the Winter-Spring and the Summer-Autumn crops.

An experiment studied on treatment of 15 day old ducklings infected with E. coli was carried out. There are 2 trials included preventive trial and infected trial. Each trial included 5 treatments: amikacin, lactizym and activated carbon treatments and 2 controls (positive and negative). Each duckling from 3 treatments of each trial was supplied with amikacin at a dose of 10 mg/kgP via IM, lactizym 250 mg/kgP in feed, and activated carbon 3 g/kg in feed in 5 consecutive days. Ducklings in preventive trial were supplied with medicines 24 hours before challenging by E. coli (serotype O78) with 1 LD50/duckling (equal to 107.64 CFU/ml). Ducklings in infected trial were supplied with medicines at 24 hours after challenging by E. coli with the same dose. The results showed that ducklings administrated by amikacin had the highest survival rate in both trials: 96.3% in preventive trial and 92.6% in infected trial. Amikacin did not affect the growth of duck. The efficiency treatment of lactizym and activated charcoal was lower than amikacin in both preventive and infected trials for Colibacillosis in ducks.

This study was conducted to determine the suitable condition for the spray-drying process of fermented dragon fruit powder (FDFP). White dragon fruit juice after fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus) were dried by spray-drying equipment. The concentration of maltodextrin (10 ÷ 25%, w/v) and the inlet temperature (115 ÷ 145oC) were investigated to get a good product. The acquired FDFP was analyzed some physicochemical and microbiological criteria in order to evaluate the quality.  Results showed that at maltodextrin ratio of 20% (w/v) and input temperature of 125oC, the quality of FDFP were higher than other condition. Physicochemical and microbiological analysis of the product identified that the characteristic of  probiotic density were 8.85 log (CFU/g), humidity were 3.31%, protein content were 1.29%, carbohydrate  were 90.9%, total aerobic bacteria were 6.8x102 CFU/g, and no spore of mold and yeast was found. Finally, FDFP was diluted with sterilized water at various ratio to make an instant drink. At a ratio of 1: 2 (w/v), the sensory evaluation value of this drink is highest. Probiotics were able to survive 94.18% after 2 hours in artificial gastric juice and 78.96% after 4 hours in artificial intestinal fluid.

This research aimed to find the suitable medium supporting the regeneration of Dendrobium Sonia PLB based on analysis of two factors: carbon sources and light conditions. Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium with added agar 6.5 g/L and vitamins (thiamine, pyridosine with 0.5 m/L for each) were used. The research consisted of Experiment 1 with sucrose, D-glucose, D-fructose and Experiment 2 ebstablished by mixing carbon sources medium in both lab light (fluorescent white light) and natural light. The data on the percentage of newly created PLB over two months were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD (5%) method. The results revealed that the medium adding 20 mg/L sucrose under fluorescent white light was the most suitable conditions for the generation of PLB with 614,5 PLB regenerated. Experiment 2 showed that the medium mixing of 15 mg/L D-glucose and 15 mg/L D-fructose under fluorescent white light was the best medium for the generation of PLB of Dendrobium Sonia with 735,7 PLB after two months.

The objective of this research was to determine factor affecting the extraction of lipase from visceral organs of cultured snakehead fish (Channa striata). Influence lipase in individual organs of the snakehead fish and the stability of the enzyme during frozen storage has been identified. After that, extraction conditions of lipase from the appropriate visceral organs of snakehead fish were also investigated. The individual factors (ratio of raw materials and solvent, changed from 1:1 to 1:6, w/v, solvent pH with 8 levels, from pH 3 to pH 10) which influenced to lipase extraction were initially determined. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on two-variable central composite design (CCD) was used to model the correlation of extraction temperature and time to lipase activity. The results showed that, the lipase activity extracted from pancreas and intestine of snakehead fish was higher than that from the stomach. Quick-freezing followed by frozen storage under the temperature of -18±2°C to maintain the lipase stability of visceral organs from snakehead fish for 8 weeks. The highest activity of lipase extracted from visceral organs (without stomach) was 78.42 U/g dry materials when using phosphate buffer pH 6.0 and the 1:4 (w/v) ratio of sample and solvent; optimal extraction temperature was 40.3°C for 211.2 minutes.

The experiment was conducted in Binh Thuy District, Can Tho City to study the effects of phenylalanine, salicylic acid (SA), iron sulfate, zinc sulfate and borax on the growth and yield of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. turmeric in 2017-2018. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 6 levels of plant growth regulators and micronutrients spraying (control, foliar spray of growth regulators Phe 100 ppm, SA 100 ppm, foliar spray of FeSO4 0.5%, ZnSO4 0.5% and borax 0.5% at 120 days after planting (DAP), with 3 replications. The results revealed that the significant number of tillers per clump, number of leaves per tiller, number of leaves per clump, plant height, leaf length and leaf width at the time of survey. At the time of harvesting, spraying FeSO4 0.5% or Phe 100 ppm recorded most effective, fresh weight of rhizomes per clump (467 and 443 g/clump, respectively), curcumin contents were equal (14.7%) and curcumin yield (17.0 and 17.2 g/clump, respectively).

Acid sulfate soil (ASS) contains high aluminum and ferrous concentrations that might cause the reduction of nutrient uptake and an increase of toxic accumulation. Rhodopseudomonas sp. has ability to reduce aluminum and ferrous toxicity of ASS for rice cultivation. The objectiveof this research was to evaluate the efficacy of biofertilizers containing four acid-resistant R. palustris VNW64, VNS89, TLS06 and VNS02 on theaccumulation of nitrogen and toxic compounds in rice grains. A two factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design on ASS collected from Phung Hiep district, Hau Giang province under nethouse conditions. Therein, the first factor was biofertilizer application including four mixedbacterial strains, only VNW64 and no biofertilizer application. The second factor was inorganic N fertilizer application containing 0, 50, 75 and 100 kg N ha-1. The results showed that thetreatments applied either with biofertilizer containing four mixed bacterial strains or biofertilizer containing onlyVNW64 helped to increaseN uptake from39.7 to 49.2%, to reduce Al uptake from 18.4 to 30.4% and to reduce Fe uptake from 0.1 to 2.7% in rice. The biofertilizers containing a mixture of four strains or one bacterial strain showed their efficacy in enhancement of N uptake and reduction of Al and Fe accumulation in rice grains when cultivated on ASS.

Golden Mushroom is prime food for health improvement and is also pharmaceutical product. The study was conducted to find out the suitable substrates that give high productivity and polysaccharide content. The results showed that the medium PDA with mineral supplement (PDA-MK) ) was the best medium (8 days for fully spreading of mycelia, with the speed of 0.95 cm/day), fine and thick mycelia which branched higher than the PDA and PDA supplied with coconut juice. The whole-grain medium including rice, dehulled rice and corn grains, had the highest rate of spreading (0.53 cm/day), fully developed in tubes within 18,6 days. The results on the substrates to collect fruit body showed that (1) The treatment of mixing corn (11.6%) and straw had the fastest speed of mycelia (17.77 cm after 30 days of culturing) and had the highest fresh yield (156 g/bag).

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of alpha amylase concentration (0.015-0.035%) and time (1-4 hours) to the liquefaction of potato starch and the effect of glucoamylase concentration (0.05-0.085%) and time (70-90 hours) to the saccharification of sweet potato starch. At the same time, the effects of yeast inoculum density (103-107 cells/mL), pH (4-5), °Brix (22-26), temperature (20°C and 30°C) and supplemented yeast extract content (0.1-0.4%) on the ethanol fermentation of Japanese sweet potato were investigated. As a result, in the liquefaction stage, 0.03% (w/v) alpha amylase concentration in 2 hours could produce 27.8 mg/mL reducing sugar. In the saccharification stage, 0.075% (w/v) glucoamylase concentration in 80 hours could yield 61.02 mg/mL. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inoculated in ethanol fermentation stage. The result showed that the fermentation could produce 14.16-14.27% (v/v) alcolhol from 24°Brix, pH 4.5 and 105 cell/mL with 0.2% (w/v) yeast extract at 30°C in a 10-day fermentation.

This research was carried out with the purpose of isolation and selection of promising indigenous starch-degrading bacteria in order to treat starch waste from starch processing factories. For that objective, the traditional techniques and modern molecular techniques were used for the isolation and identification of starch degrading bacterial strains from the organic wastes landfills, guts of Holotrichia parallela and Lubricus terrestris. The study’s result performed that there were 58 bacterial strains isolated on 1% starch agar. Most of the them were rod-shaped, motile, Gram positive, endo-spore forming, positive in catalase as well as Methyl red test. Through the experiment evaluating the ability of starch degradation, 57/58 bacterial trains performed the secretions of amylase enzyme to break down starch in agar medium to form clear zones when dying with Lugol’solution. Of these, five promising strains RB8, RB17, SB25, TB6 and TB16 were selected for sequencing 16S rRNA gene and identified as Bacillus flexus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus flexus, respectively.

Calabura (Muntingia calabura L.) is a species of wild plants which is also grown as an shade tree in the Mekong Delta. However, the study of characterization of this plant is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant and antibacterial activity properties of calabura leaves extract by ethanol 96%. The antioxidant was tested by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The antimocrobia was tested by well diffusion agar method with indicator bacteria including Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from acne skin. The results showed that the antioxidant activity at the concentration of 250 μg/mL of ethanol was 91.38%, corresponding to IC50 was 34.26 μg/mL. The antioxidant ability was 1.8 times lower than that of vitamin C (IC50 = 18.18 µg/mL). The antibacterial activity of calabura leaves at concentration 50 mg/mL on P. acnes with average inhibition diameter was 16.33±2.08 mm, S. aureus was 12.33±1.52 mm and S. epidermidis was 15.33±0.57 mm. The MIC value of P. acnes was 10mg/mL. The MIC of was at 12.5 mg/mL. With the above results, the continued isolation and determination of antioxidant and antibacterial componds from calabura leaves is an interesting issue that can continue to be studied.

The aim of this research was isolation and selection of cyanobacteria strains capable of nitrogen-fixing property which were isolated from soil and water samples of paddy fields in Dong Thap province for microbial fertilizer production. Ten single-cell cyanobacteria isolated belonged to five genera Synechocystis, Gloeocapsa, Chroococcus, Microcystis and Aphanocapsa and 20 filamentous isolated belonged to four genera Microcoleus, Lyngbya, Phormidium and Oscillatoria. These isolates were checked for the nitrogen fixing capacity by culturing on BG11 N-free medium for 30 days showed that 4 single-celled cyanobacteria isolates (HN4, HN11, HN10 and LV4) had cell concentration higher from 5.9 log10 cell/mL to 6.6 – 7.1 log10 cell/mL and 6 filamentous cyanobacteria isolates (LVO2, HN7, HN3, HN5, LV5) had dry biomass increased from 0.05 g/50mL to 0.29 – 0.6 g/50mL. Based on morphology and results of of 16S rRNA gene-sequencing, promising LV5 strain had 90% similarity with cyanobacteria Lyngbya aestuarii PCC 7419.

Head meat of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a by-product obtained from frozen shrimp processes. This by-product has high nutrition values and biological properties. Especially, peptides have antioxidant and antimicrobial capability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of temperature and time on production of concentrated protein hydrolylysate by enzymatic hydrolysis from shrimp-waste in order to maintain the antioxidant properties of the product. The concentration process was optimized by a surface method with two factors of  temperature (40 ÷ 50°C) and time (30 ÷ 50 minutes), which includes 12 experimental units. Besides, physicochemical changes of the concentrated protein hydrolysate during frozen storage from 1 to 8 months was also investigated. The results showed that the suitable temperature and time for the concentration process were 45.58°C and 41.85 minutes, respectively. At this condition, the total protein content increased from 6.85% to 20.58% due to dehydration and the obtained antioxidant capacity was 65.38% (IC50=2.5 mg/100mL). The appropriate storage time for this protein-enriched product at -18 ± 2oC was 3 months.

In breeding programs, it is important to accurately identify crop phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between marker CsFemale-1 and sex phenotype of different cucumber lines. PCR with CsFemale-1 marker was applied for 120 samples from 12 pure cucumber lines (5 gynoecious and 7 monocecious lines, ten plants for each). In 50 samples of 5 gynoecious lines, PCR results showed that the correlation between marker CsFemale-1 and female phenotype was 100%. However, it was found that in 70 samples of 7 monoecious lines, the correlation between marker CsFemale-1 and monoecious lines was 42%.  These data suggest that CsFemale-1 precisely identify gynoecious cucumber. However, in order to be utilized for breeding, CsFemale-1 should be combined with other markers specific for monoecious lines.

This study aimed to evaluate the surface water quality based on the biological monitoring index BMWPVIET-ASPT, which derived from the diversity of zoobenthos in Tra Su mangrove forest. Through two surveys in rainy and dry seasons at 20 locations in the forest, were recorded 15 macroinvertebrates, which belonges to 15 genera, 15 families, 12 orders in 6 classes of the main groups including Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda. There were no significant differences in species composition during the two seasons, but the number of individuals recorded in the rainy season (852 individuals) was higher than in the dry season (658 individuals). Survey results also showed that the species composition range from 2 to 11 species, depending on locations. The ASPT values from the zoobenthos diversity showed that the surface water quality was organic pollution from β–mesosaprobe to polysaprobe states. In dry season, 14/20 monitoring points were in polysaprobe state, meanwhile the ASPT values were decreased in rainy season but the number of polysaprobe points were increasing to 15/20 points. The results showed that the BMWPVIET-ASPT could apply to monitor the surface water quality at the static water bodies such as canal network inside Tra Su forest, An Giang province.

Coconut milk is a nutritious product and commonly used in the food industry. A study was conducted to develop a pasteurized coconut milk for production and consumption. The study was undertaken to examine the effects of coconut varieties; temperature and storage time of scraped coconut meat before coconut milk extracting; water temperature and scraped coconut meat to water ratio; added Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) concentration, pressure and temperature of homogenization; pasteurized regimes of coconut milk; times and temperatures of pasteurized coconut milk storage on coconut milk quality. The results showed that the coconut milk had the highest nutrient content (3.36% protein, 35.90% fat, Brix 1.34) processed from ta xanh variety. The temperature and storage time of scraped coconut meat before coconut milk extracting is 40C and 4 hours, respectively. The water temperature and ratio of scraped coconut meat and water were 600C and 1:1, respectively for optimal extraction efficiency (75.09%). Additional CMC concentration, pressure and temperature of homogenization for emulsion stabilization of coconut milk were 0.3%, 20 MPa and 700C, respectively. Coconut milk pasteurized at 800C for 20 minutes can be stored for 10 days at 40C, to meet microbiological requirements as well as nutrient quality and sensory value.

In this study, to conserve and exploid properly genetic resources of Anoectochilus and Lusidia species, nine DNA barcodess: rbcL, matK, rpoB1, rpoB2, rpoC1, rpoC2, ITS1, ITS2, ITS were used to for genetic analysis of six species of these genera.. The results showed that the amplifications of the DNA regions were different between barcodes and ranged from 50%-100%. The amplifications of region ITS1 and ITS2 100%, region ITS 83.3%, region rbcL 50%, region matK range from 66.7 – 83.3%, region rpoB and rpoC is 83.3%. Based on ITS1 and ITS2 DNA sequence, genetics analysis phylogenetic tree constructing results showed the relationship and the discrimination between and among Anoectochilus and Lusidia species. The results showing successful uses of these DNA barcodes in identifying and discriminating Anoectochilus species and their relatives can be performed successfully, then open opportunities for conservation and sustainable uses genetic resources.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ethylene glycol (EG), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations and compare the effect of several cryoprotectants on the viability and morphology of pig oocytes during vitrification and post-thawing. The percentage of post-thawing  development 2-4 cells embryos reported with the use 10.0% (v/v) ethylene glycol (EG) + 5.0% (v/v) dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) had a significantly high survival rate, but lower than the control. Trehalose extracellular cryoprotectant also has a higher rate of the viability after freezing than sucrose (73.38%; 62.44%; 31.45% and 13.19%) and (85.32%; 75.07%; 36.61% and 7.56%) (p < 0.05). Prolonged pre-incubation time after thawing adversely affects the rates of embryonic cleavage and development. In conclusion, vitrification is a simple technique and easy to perform but it needs some experience to prevent any oocyte loss during vitrification and thawing processing. The use of 10.0% (v/v) ethylene glycol (EG) + 5.0% (v/v) dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and trehalose in vitrification solution could improve the percentage of post-thawing viable and embryonic development.

Nowadays, bacterial cellulose membranes have been used extensively in various technological fields, especially in the medical field such as temporary skin, burns treatment, mask for skin care for people. This study was carried out with the aims of isolating and selecting Acetobacter sp. strain which has the ability to produce bacterial cellulose (BC) from sugarcane juice. Twenty-one strains of Acetobacter spp. were isolated. Among them, BK3 strain showed the best BC productivity with 134.48 g/200mL (fresh weight) and 1.4 g/200mL (dry weight) after 7 days of fermentation.  BK3 strain was used in fermentation with initial mixture of sugarcane juice including Brix 8, pH 5.2 and 107 cells/mL for 7 days, the biomass of fresh BC reached to 140.26 g/200mL and dried BC was 1.635 g/200 mL. Furthermore, experimental results showed that after 7 days of fermentation at Brix 8.5, pH 5.1 and 106 cells/mL, the optimal BC weight was obtained 715 g/1000 mL (fresh) and 9.14 g/1000mL (dried). The identification by sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed that BK3 strain had 99% identity to Acetobacter xylinum. The study also revealed that the BK3 strain could be used for production of bacterial cellulose which is wisely applied in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

Currently, fluorescent lamps are often used as lighting systems in the tissue culture. These lamps consumed a lot of power. Recently, the use of LED lamp systems for planting was being noticed because LEDs were more conducive to tissue culture and less power consumption. In this study, the effects of mineral content, sugar concentration and monochromatic light on ginger’s growth were investigated. The results showed that ginger plant cultured in SH medium (Schenk and Hildebrandt, 1972) had higher height and diameter than in other media. The experiment using different sugar concentration, explants get the best growth when they were cultured in medium supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose. The next experiment, explants were placed in different types of light sources including, red LED, blue LED, or combination of red with blue light in 9: 1; 8: 2; 7: 3; 6: 4; 5: 5 ratios, fluorescent lamps, red fluorescent lamps, blue fluorescent lamps. The results showed that the red LED was suitable for the growth of ginger. The plant height (4.55 cm), leaf area (2.66 mm2) and root diameter (3.83 mm) was significantly higher than that of the other treatments. In the nursery, plants under cultivation of red LED were good growth and a survival plantlet ratio obtained over 96%.

Soft rot caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most destructive diseases of shallot in Vĩnh Châu district, Sóc Trăng proivince. This study aims at isolating, testing for disease-reducing effects and identifying the antagonistic soil bacteria against the disease. Among the 133 bacterial isolates obtained from shallot fields of Vĩnh Châu, four isolates 2C, 3A, 3B and 4A exhibited their antagonistic effects against the pathogen. The isolate 3B was the strongest antagonist among those tested (inhibition zone radii = 6 mm). Using cell-free suspensions, that of the isolate 4A performed the strongest inhibition (inhibition zone radii = 6 mm). Under greenhouse conditions, seed soaking using 108 CFU/mL suspensions of the isolates 3B and 4A and soil drenching using 109 CFU/mL suspension of 3B and 108 CFU/mL suspension of 4A showed strong disease-reducing effects until 12 days after inoculation. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences combined with the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the bacterial strains, 3B was identified as Bacillus safensis and 4A as Bacillus stratosphericus.

Gloxinia speciosa is a beautiful herbacous plant with coloful flowers and has a high economic value. The aim of this study is to develop new and distinctive flowers for meeting the commercial needs. Callus of  Gloxinia speciosa were irradiated by gamma Co60  from 30 to 150Gy. The shoots differentiating from the  callus were evaluated morphological traits in vitro and ex vitro. There were twelve varieties with different characteristics compared to Gloxinia speciosa that was not irradiated in terms of floral and leaf shape. It can be recorded that  there were genetic differences of Gloxinia speciosa varieties through RAPD markers, with similarity coefficient at 0.6. After analyzing and evaluating morphological and genetic characteristics, some varieties with  light green leaves, petals with white rays along the vertical line (B variety) were selected. The results show that the application of irradiation would be effective to generating novel Gloxinia speciosa varieties.

This study was conducted to examine factors affecting the growth and development of mushroom (Panus giganteus (Berk.) Corner) by using the available sources of materials in Mekong Delta. P. giganteus was isolated in Mizuno, PDA and PDA supplied 20% coconut water. Seed medium included brown rice seed, corn seed and rice seed supplied with nutrients consisting of 3% rice bran, 3% corn flour and 1% lime powder. Substrates for culturing fruit body were rubber sawdust, coconut fiber, bagasse and straw combined with different ratio. The results showed that mycelium of P. giganteus grew fast on Mizuno medium (7.95 cm) compared to PDA (6.18 cm) and PDA supplied 20% coconut water (7.71 cm) after 10 days. The mycelium showed the best growth on brown rice seed (12.12 cm), following by corn seed (11.77 cm) and rice seed (8.70 cm) after 24 days. The best productivity of fruit body was shown in 70% bagasse combined 30% straw (127.92 g fresh weight/bag (400 g substrate), biological efficiency 79.75%), following is 100% bagasse (123.16 g/bag, biological efficiency 76.98%). However, polysaccharide contents of the treatments were not statically different at 5%.

The objective of this study was to assess the potential utilization of melaleuca bark for Pycnoporus sanguineus mushroom cultivation. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized design with 9 treatments (difference in substrate of melaleuca bark replacing rubber sawdust), 3 replications (10 bag/each replication). Results showed that at the first phase of culture (spawn production), mycelium got the fastest develop speed (1.78 cm/day) in the Potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) medium supplemented with 10% coconut water. In the second phase, steamed rice grain was evaluated as the optimal substrate for mycelial growth (0.988 cm/day). In the third phase, boiled cassava stalks was the best medium for mycelial spreading (0.538 cm/day). The compost consisting of combination of 60% melaleuca bark and 40% rubber sawdust was revealed as the most suitable substrate for Pycnoporus sanguineus growth that giving the highest yield (60.1 g/bag) with biological efficient (20%). In conclusion, melaleuca bark have the potential to be utilize as alternate substrate for Pycnoporus sanguineus mushroom cultivation to achieve high efficiency on the compost consisting of combination of melaleuca bark (60%) and rubber sawdust (40%) without nutritional supplement.

Shallot is an important crop of Vĩnh Châu, Sóc Trăng. Soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora is one of the most destructive diseases of shallot in this region. The study aims at testing for the disease-reducing effects of different aqueous plant extracts on shallot soft rot under greenhouse and storage conditions. Among the aqueous leaf extracts of 10 commonly found herbal plants in Vietnam, only the 4% (w/v) extracts of bình bát nước (Annona glabra) and sài đất (Wedelia calendulacea) exhibited inhibitory effects on the growth of E. carotovora using agar diffusion assays. Under greenhouse conditions, where shallot plants were inoculated at 30 days after planting, the 4% and 5% extracts of both bình bát nước and sài đất showed similar and sometimes stronger disease-reducing effects against of E. carotovora compared to that of the chemical control. When shallots were inoculated before planting, the 5% extract of bình bát nước significantly reduced the disease. Under storage conditions, the 4% and 5% extracts of bình bát nước performed the strongest effects among the treatments tested and even higher than that of the chemical control. The aqueous leaf extracts of bình bát nước and sài đất are therefore good candidates for biological control of shallot soft rot under field conditions.

Coffea canephora is an industrial plant for the people of Tay Nguyen. The application of bio-fertilizer has been conducted in order to replace inorganic fertilizers because bio-fertilizer could support high yield and keep the healthy environment. In this research, one hundred bacterial strains were isolated from roots, leaves and berries of Coffea canephora, grown in Ea H’leo and Krong Nang districts, Dak Lak province. The morphological characteristics of almost colonies were round shape, raised or convex elevation, entire margin, pure white or milky white or yellow. Almost bacterial cells had rod shape, motile, Gram negative and all of them made pellicles in LGIP, NFb and BAz semi solid media after seventy-two hours of incubation. The results showed that strain L.R150-3 had the highest ability of N2-fixing with 0.289 mg/L of NH4+ concentration, while strain B.R157-2 had the highest ability of solubilizing insoluble phosphate with 4.30 mg P2O5/mL and strain L.R150-1 gave the highest amount of indole acetic acid at 19.206 μg/mL. Three strains L.R150-3, B.R157-2 and L.R150-1 were determined respectively as Kosakonia sp. L.R150-3, Burkholderia sp. strain Eb-6 (KJ865578.1) B.R157-2 and Enterobacter sp. L.L150-1.

Rice bran is a plentiful, inexpensive raw material and rich of functional compounds, antioxidants such as γ-oryzanol, ferulic acid and tocopherols. However, most of rice bran after milling is only used as a by-product. Therefore, the study on optimizting conditions for extracting γ-oryzanol and ferulic acid from rice bran of IR50404 variety by ultrasonic technology was done to enhance the value of this material source. Three independent variables in the extraction process including solid-to-ethanol solvent ratio (g/mL), temperature (°C) and time (min) were studied. The highst content of  γ-oryzanol and ferulic acid (1,544.552 mg/100g DM and 18.537 mg/100g DM, respectively) was obtained in the the extracting condition consisting of solid-to-ethanol solvent ratio of 1/20 g/mL, 40°C and 40 minutes. The study on the ratios of extracts/mixtures of solvents (methanol:acetone) used in γ-oryzanol enrichment showed that the appropriate ratio was 1:60 g/mL. The γ-oryzanol and ferulic acid content in the product increased 2,485.604 mg/100g DM and 27.748 mg/100g DM, respectively. Finally, the product was stored in dark glass jars at -18°C for 3 weeks and the results showed little change of γ-oryzanol, ferulic acid content and antioxidant activity of the product.

The purpose of this study is to optimize some conditions for human PBMCs in vitro culture. PBMCs were isolated within 4 hours from the EDTA – coagulated whole blood samples collected from the 10 healthy volunteers. 100 μL of a cell suspension (approximately 5x105 cells/mL)were added to each well in a 96 well microplate and incubated at 37°C, 95±5% humidity and 5% CO2 for 24 hrs. Then the isolation of PBMCs from 6 ml whole blood using 10 mL Leucosep® tube was optimized; cell viability using trypan blue dye was evaluated; the suitable solvents for the dissolution of formazan crystals in the MTT assay and the conditions of PBMCs in vitro culture such as PBMCs density per well, FBS concentration, time for PBMCs culture and PHA mitogen concentration for PBMCs proliferation were examined. The results of this study showed that the centrifuge speed and time for isolating PBMCs from 6 mL whole blood using Leucosep® tube was determined at 1200 xg for 20 minutes. After that, PBMCs viability was found above 95% using trypan blue and hemocytometer. The dissolution of formazan crystals in DMSO/NH3 was better than in either DMSO, isopropanol or isopropanol/HCl. Moreover, the optimal conditions for cell culture media containing 10% FBS, 1.5% PHA mitogen and the range of PBMCs density from 104 – 105 cells/well were determined. These results may be used for the further studies to assess the effects of medicinal plants or new drugs on in vitro PBMCs proliferation.

This study is aimed to optimize some significant factors affecting the bio-synthesis ability of lipase from Aspergillus niger by response surface methodology. The activity of lipase was then assessed its potential to remove lipid in synthetic dairy wastewater with enzyme concentration 0.1÷0.5%, w/v, temperature 30÷50oC, and fat concentration 200÷3.400 mg/L. Biogas volume, COD, color were determined to evaluate the treatment potential. Results showed that  lipase activity was 1.11 UI/mL with optimum conditions: moisture content of 59.42%, culture time of 92.34 hours, ratio of groundnut oil cake and bagasse of 7.13/2.87 (w/w). The enzyme was applied in dairy wastewater treatment. At the condition: enzyme concentrate of 0.2%, temperature of 40°C, and lipid concentration of 1000 mg/L, the performance of the anaerobic treatment was significantly improved, whereas the generated biogas volume is 1,668.78 cm3, COD and color removal efficiency are 90.9% and 93.4%, respectively. Lipid removal efficiency was over 99% in both wastewater samples after 5 days.

This study is aimed to investigate the hydrolysis of xylooligosccharide from sugar cane bagasse using endo-1,4-β-xylanase enzyme. Sugarcane bagasse was pre-treated to remove lignin, then investigated to receive xylan. The hydrolysis of xylan was carried out with 2 investigated factors: enzyme concentration and hydrolysis time. XOS solution was then concentrated at 65°C and freezed dried under condition: frozen temperature of -80oC, vacuum pressure of 3.5 Pa, drying time of 14 h. XOS powder was used to evaluate radical scavenging activities by 2, 2, diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the effect on the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum (L.  plantarum). Results showed that, sugarcane bagasse, pretreated with H2O2 6%, KOH 15%, was suitable for the collecting of xylan with the recovery yield of 36.73%. The highest XOS concentration of 1148.92 mg/L was obtained under favorable conditions (enzyme dose 75 U/g, reaction time of 8 h). After evaporation, the XOS content in the fluid increased to 13.6 times. At XOS concentration of 4 mg/mL, DPPH radical scavenging activity reached 50 %. In additions, other experiments proved that, L. plantarum used XOS as a source of carbon for growth.

Due to the emergence of multidrug­resistant strains of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), there is an urgent need for the identification of new targets for drug development. In this study, an in silico-based approach was used to investigate several protein/gene databases to find potential target proteins in MRSA. The results show that 158 ​​proteins are non-homologous essential proteins in which 49 proteins take part in 11 unique metabolic pathways. According to DrugBank database, two proteins namely respiratory nitrate reductase alpha chain (NarG) and tubulin homolog protein (FtsZ) was suggested as best putative targets against MRSA. The other proteins were considered as putative novel target. The identified drug targets are expected to be of great potential for discovery of novel therapeutic compounds against MRSA.

The study was conducted to support the development of the in vitro oocytes through the culture process needs to be supplemented with two different including (1) control (DC): TCM-199 + FBS (10%) compared with (2) treatment (TN): TCM-199 + FBS (10%) + sodium pyruvate (0.1 mg/ml) + hypoxanthine (4 mM) + estrogen (0.1 µg/ml). The cumulus-oocyte-granulosa complexes-COCGs are are cultured fixed by 1% agarose. After 13 days of culture, the results showed that the COCGs which had undergone in both treatment then formed antra, resulting in antral follicle-like structures on day 3 and 4 of culture. However, only in the TN treatment, these structures remained until day 13. In addition, the growth of follicle sizes was reported in both DC and TN treatments, respectively, from 95.2 ± 1.4 μm to 107 ± 6.4 μm and from 95.7 ± 1.7 μm to 113.6 ± 6.4 μm (p

In this study, the coffee pulp was pretreated by NaOH (0.2 g/g biomass) at 120oC in 20 minutes to remove lignin and hemicellulose. This pretreatment resulted in a removal of 46.11% hemicellulose and 76.63% lignin . After the pretreatment, the biomass was hydrolyzed with enzyme Viscozyme Cassava C (enzyme loading was 25 FPU/g) at temperature 50oC. After 96 hours of hydrolysis, the maximum concentration of reducing sugars and glucose was 37.33 g/L and 24.36 g/L, respectively. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast was added at a density of 3x108 cells/mL. The fermentation was processed at 35oC in 72 hours. The maximum production of 10.06 g/L ethanol was obtained. The result indicated that the coffee pulp, an inedible but plentiful material, will be a potential feedstock for bioethanol production in Vietnam.

Ngoc Linh ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) is a precious ginseng with high economical value, which is an endemic plant of Vietnam. In this study, experiments on the effects of sucrose concentrations and various sizes of erlenmeyer flasks and bioreactors were carried out to determine the appropriate medium for the growth of cell suspension. The results of sucrose concentration showed that the highest biomass obtained from the treatment of MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) supplemented with 1.5 mg/L NAA and 50 g/L sucrose (37.4 mg/mL of fresh weight and 3.6 mg/mL of dry weight). In 3 L, 5 L and 10 L bioreactor, the growth of cell suspension increased 2.1–2.3 times higher than the initial callus biomass after 4 weeks. The culture in liquid medium of 500 mL erlenmeyer flasks on rotary shaker at 120 rpmshowed that  the amount of cell suspension was increased and reached to the highest yield (50.2 mg/mL of fresh weight and 3.2 mg/mL of dry weight).

Research on isolation and identification of endophytic bacteria of Houttuynia cordata which have the antimicrobial activity to Staphylococcus aureus of human furuncle was conducted. Samples of Houttuynia cordata Thunb were collected from Phu Quoc district, Ha Tien and Rach Gia city of Kien Giang province. The antibacterial ability of endophytic bacterial strains in Houttuynia cordata Thunb against Staphylococcus aureus was done by disk diffusion assay. Then endophytic bacteria in Houttuynia cordata Thunb were identified based on the sequence of 16SrRNA. The results showed that 60 endophytic bacteria strains in Houttuynia cordata Thunb were isolated on the  potato dextrose agar medium. Fourteen strains inhibited the growth of Staphyloccocus aureus of human furuncle with the clear zone varied from 10- 40 mm. Three bacterial strains HTT2, PQT4 and RGT2 were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain CD2901, Bacillus megaterium strain 22 and Bacillus subtilis strain B237, respectively.

The hybridization and selection of salt tolerant and good quality rice varieties are the criteria for the current situation of climate change such as the present. Therefore, this study have transferred salinity tolerant genes of Pokkali to a good quality rice OM238 to determine the rice lines having both salinity tolerance and good quality. This study was caried out to: (1) to evaluate salinity tolerance phenotype by screening in artificial saline medium, (2) to test salinity tolerance gene by SSR technique, (3) to evaluate agronomic characteristics and grain quality based on International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) method. Breeding and selection to BC3F3 generation, then planted to tested at salty fields in BC3F4 and BC3F5 generations. The result revealed that two rice lines in the BC3F6 generation with both the salinity tolerant genes of Pokkali by RM1287 and high iron content in rice, amylose content £ 20%, gel consistency at group 1 (soft rice), low chalikiness of endosperm £ 8%, the long and slender rice grain to develop salinity tolerance and good quality rices.

The ground cherry (Physalis angulata L.) is a wild plant which grows popularly in Vietnam and tropical countries. It is used as a medicinal plant to help diuretic, anti-malarial, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. The biological activities and especially the ability to prevent diabetes of ground cherry extract are also being examined. In this study, the inhibitions of α-amylase and α-glucosidase from ground cherry extract were carried out. The extracts from leaves, stems and roots of the ground cherries were extracted by Soxhlet method with 96% ethanol solvent. Extracts were evaluated for their ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase by IC50. The results showed that leaf extract had a good inhibition on α-amylase (0.75±0.020 mg/mL) while stem extract had a good inhibition on α-glucosidase (3.93±0.124 mg/mL). The separation by n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol showed that fractional n-hexane of leaf extract had the best α-amylase inhibitory effect (0.563±0.002 mg/mL) whereas the fractional ethyl acetate of stem extract had the best α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (0.453±0.005 mg/mL). Qualitative analysis showed the presence of terpenoids, steroids and flavonoids in these samples. Alkaloids were present only in the fractional n-hexane of leaf extract. The inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities showed that ground cherry was a source of medicinal plants that could be used to study the prevention of diabetes mellitus.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of biofertilizer containing Rhodopseudomonas sp. VNW64, VNS89, TLS006 and VNS02 on growth and yield of rice cultivated on acid sulfate soil collected from Hon Dat district, Kien Giang province in the nethouse conditions. A two factorial experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design. The main factor was biofertilizers containing three components (mixed, single, and no application) and the minor factor was N fertilizer rates including four different levels (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg N ha-1). The results showed that treatments applied with biofertilizer containing mixture of four bacterial strains helped to increase plant height, panicle numbers per pot of rice. This resulted in an increase of rice grain yield. The treatment treated with biofertilizer containing mixed strains and a VNW64 strain produced the higher rice grain yield as compared to treatment without biofertilizer application, with increasing by 23.08 and 8.03%, respectively. Biofertilizer containing a mixture of strains and single strain contributed to reduce up to 50% chemical nitrogen fertilizer as compared to recommended formula.

Folk medicine was used to treat some common diseases such as diarrhea, inflammation, wound healing … by ethnic minorities at Bidoup – Nui Ba National Park, Lam Dong province. However, the usage of medicinal plants has been mainly based on experiences and this study aimed to evaluate antibacterial activity of the medicinal plants as a basis for further studies. Night water extracted folk medicinal plants that ethnic minorities used to treat diarrhea were tested for antibacterial activity against 16 indicator bacteria by well diffusion agar. These results showed that the recovery performance of the extract from folk medicinal plants was high (11,99% - 29,52%). The result of antibacterial activity showed that 5/9 water extracts had antibacterial activity. The extract from xidra nguon (Medinilla septentrionalis) had the highest antibacterial activity (against 16/16 indicator bacteria) with inhibition diameter zone from 9,3 mm to 11,0 mm; 4/9 water extracts had weak activity and 4/9 extracts had no antibacterial activity. The preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts that possessed the highest antibacterial activity showed the presence of some bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins. The results of this study showed that not all folk medicinal plant that was extracted by water are highly active, so there should be more intensive research.

Streptomyces from the saline soil can produce many biologically active substances. In this study, Streptomyces sp. TVS1 from the saline soil of Tra Vinh province was cultured to determine the suitable conditions to produce a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibitors. The culturing conditions were performed with different media (SCB, R, X and G), pH, and culturing periods. Determination of IC50 values showed that the G medium, which contained oatmeal as the rich nutrient source, had the best inhibitory effects on a-amylase and a-glucosidase about 2.67 and 0.062 mg/mL, respectively. The 5 days of culturing in the G-medium also gave the best IC50 values of about 2.64 and 0.073 mg/mL on a-amylase and a-glucosidase, respectively. G medium also showed that pH 8.0 was the most appropriate for the production of a-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors with the IC50 values of 2.66 mg/mL on a-amylase and 0.062 mg/mL on α-glucosidase. These results suggested that the Streptomyces sp. TVS1 was able to secrete the a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibitors. For further investigation, particular enzyme inhibitors in the culture solution of this Streptomyces species should be identified, and their potential application in diabetes prevention should be explored.

Sài đất ba thùy (Wedelia trilobata (L) Hitchc) là một loài thực vật xâm lấn, chúng mọc hoang dại tại rất nhiều nơi ở Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu này nhằm tìm hiểu khả năng ức chế nảy mầm hạt của sài đất ba thùy trong điều kiện phòng thí nghiệm. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy cao chiết xuất ethanol từ thân, lá và hoa của cây sài đất ba thùy tại nồng độ khảo sát 5 mg/mL có hiệu quả ức chế cao nhất sự nảy mầm đối với hạt cỏ lồng vực (Echinochloa crus-galli L.), hạt xà lách (Lactuca sativa L.) và hạt cải củ (Raphanus sativus L.). Kết quả định lượng các hợp chất polyphenol, flavonoid tổng số cho thấy polyphenol và flavonoid hiện diện ở cả thân, lá và hoa của cây sài đất ba thùy. Hàm lượng polyphenol cao nhất có trong hoa là 50,62 mg/g cao chiết, flavonoid có hàm lượng nhiều nhất ở hoa là 55,81 mg/g cao chiết. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, cây sài đất ba thùy là một loài thực vật hoang dại có tiềm năng trong nghiên cứu về các hợp chất kháng cỏ.

Silicon plays a vital role in supporting of enhancement of plant hardness, resistance to pest, pathogens and tolerance to environmental stresses. The aim of the study was to evaluate efficiency of the five selected silicate solubilizing bacteria on rice growth and yield under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted with intensively triple rice cultivated soil and with IR 50404 rice cultivar. The results revealed that all treatments inoculated with silicate solubilizing bacteria had significantly higher levels of soluble silicate concentration in soil, chlorophyll content in rice leaf, internode strength of no 1, 2, 3, panicle length, proportion of full grain in panicle, and full grain weight per pot as compared with control treatment. Moreover, positive correlations between soluble silicate concentration in soil at the end of the experiment and other parameters like panicle length, proportion of filled grains per panicle, internode strength, and total weight of filled grains per pot were found. The results indicated that the five silicate solubilizing bacteria selected had a function on enhancement of growth and yield of IR 50404 rice cultivar under greenhouse conditions.

Rice bran is one of large by-product from rice industry which consists of high content of protein. In order to improve the value from this protein source, the study on the hydrolysis of protein extracted from rice bran of rice variety IR 50404 using enzymatic method was done. Firstly, to find out the optimal conditions for papain and neutrase to hydrolize rice bran protein substrate, the experiment was set up with substrate concentration (1.75-2.5%), enzyme concentration (50-150 U) and hydrolyzing time (60-240 min). The hydrolytic protein solution was then spray dried at 170oC used as culture medium for Bacillus subtilis (incubating for 72 hours, sampling time 4 hours apart). The results showed that papain and neutrase were the most effective hydrolysis at 2.5% and 2% of substrate content, 100 U and 125 U of enzyme concentration in the same time of 180 minutes for hydrolysis efficiency was 20.97% and 14.66%, respectively. The results also showed that the hydrolytic solution of rice bran protein by papain and neutrase had high nutritional properties in case of using for Bacillus subtilis cultivation similar to commercial pepton (the count of Bacillus subtilis: 1x108 cfu/mL and 8.6x107 cfu/mL, reaching the maximum after 24 hours of incubation). This research indicates that protein from rice bran by-product could be used as a good value composition for cultivation of bacteria.

Lucuma (Pouteria campechiana) is a fruit plant that is rich in biologically active substances such as carotenoids. In this study, the data of 20 lucuma samples in Can Tho city were collected and evaluated based on morphological characteristics and ISSR molecular markers. 50 morphological characteristics of lucuma were analyzed. 20 lucuma samples were divided into seven groups with the similarity coefficient from 0.71 to 0.86. The Shannon index showed that 20 lucuma samples had high diversity value which the highest value peaked at 1.526. Electrophoretic analysis by 8 ISSR markers also showed the significance of polymorphism. There were 115 out of 119 bands were polymorphic with the ratio of 96.36%. Each marker amplified an average of 14.88±4.29 bands, of which 14.38±4.5 bands were polymorphic. The similarity coefficient was from 0.41 to 1.00 and able to cluster into 4 separate groups. Finally, the combined results of morphological characteristics and molecular markers analysis illustrated that total 20 samples were classified into 4 groups with high similarity ranging from 0.63 to 0.90. The overall result of this study showed that 20 lucuma samples have considerable diversity. These are valuable original information resource for lucuma selection and breeding as well as support for further studies about the biochemical characteristics of lucuma.

According to the Vietnam National  Institute of Burns since 2017, the number of burns has increased and is the second common accident type after traffic accident. With the development of beauty technology, requirement of the quick, complete, and without scarring treatment for burns wound is very interested and necessary. Bromelain in pineapple combine with curcumin from turmeric  to form an effective anti-inflammatory, quickwound healing. Applying nanotechnology to the preparation of the silica-curcumin-bromelain complex produces a nanoparticle complex that enhances the body's ability to be exposed and absorbed by the body while maintaining biological activity,as well as, support for the treatment of open wounds, burns, keloids, concave faster. In the test, nanosilica-bromelain-curcumin with size 10 - 100 nm was successfully assessmented on the fibroblasts cell line from white mice and optimal concentration of active ingredient at 7.5%. In addition, the application of nanosilica-bromelain-curcumin in the treatment of burns on the mouse model burns heat level II, after 18 days, burns scar was healed and hair growth faster than no treatment for 7 days.

The objective of this study was aimed to survey  the influence of Actinomucor elegans starter culture and fermentation conditions on the quality of traditional sufu produced in the Mekong Delta. The addition of A. elegans starter with level of 104, 105 and 106 cfu/gdw combined with incubation time 24, 36, 48 and 60 hours were researched. The result showed that, the most effective hydrolysis was obtained (about 12,0 U/mg protein) after 48 hours incubation time corresponding to ratio of  105cfu/gdw was applied. Moreover, the study of fermentation conditions showed that using 12% of sodium chloride, and 10% of ethanol enhanced the formation of amino nitrogen, decreased ammonia nitrogen and improved the quality of sufu.

Next generation sequencing (NGS) is one of the modern tools strongly supporting for DNA sequencing. Many applications of such innovative technology have been successfully conducted in various research areas worldwide. In Vietnam, especially Mekong delta region, there are several NGS systems installed in some research institutions, universities and hospitals. However, applications have been slowly implemented due to numerous barriers. With the aim of effectively exploring the installed NGS instruments, we are going to demonstrate some feasible applications related to plant classification, aquaculture and medicine. In medicine, the novel and remarkable applications of NGS in early detection of cancers, non-invasive prenatal testing, and common genetic diseases will be revealed. In aquaculture, the practicable applications on genetic breeding and pathology will be illustrated. In plant taxonomy, important gene regions involving in evolution will be described in detail. Additionally, this article also discusses current research achievements and potential applications of NGS in other fields in Vietnam.

Hibiscus sagittifolius is not only a beautiful flower, but also species having high medicinal value. This study is aimed to complete the process of in vitro propagation of H.sagittifolius from seeds and nodes. The results show that the percentage of uninfected and survived samples was 71.99% when the seeds and nodes were sterilized with 15% NaClO solution for 15 min. The seed germination rate was improved when seed was pre-treated by immersion in 20 mg/L GA3 for 120 min before being sterilized. The MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BA, 30.0 g/L sucrose, 100.0 mL/L coconut water, pH 5.8 was suitable for multiplication of in vitro shoots. After 45 days of culture, the number of shoots obtained was 6.6 shoots per sample and the shoots’ average height was 3.28 cm. Afterwards, the in vitro shoots were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L NAA for rooting. After 45 days of culture, the number of roots per shoot was 33.6 with an average length of 13 cm.

The study was conducted to examine the infection level of pathogenic microorganisms (including aerobic microorganisms, Coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella) in pork from 7 different markets in Ninh Kieu, Can Tho City. Influential factors in the E. coli resistance of garlic (Allium sativum L.) were also examined in this study. The examination of 21 ham samples indicated that 100% samples was contaminated with aerobic organisms, Coliforms and E. coli, whereas Salmonella infected 19.05% of the samples. Comparing to 4 microbiological criteria of Vietnam standard 7046:2009 about the meat safety, all of the samples from 7 markets were unqualified. The resistance of garlic (including garlic ratio, garlic marinating time and E. coli counts) against E. coli, indicated that pork measured in 3% garlic (measured in the total amount of pork) within 20 minutes, the number of E. coli decreased by about 99.85% or 99.86%. However, if E. coli contaminated in pork was more than 105 CFU/g, marinating in 3% garlic within 20 minutes was not effective to decrease E. coli counts in pork to an acceptable level for consumers.

The purpose of this study was to select rice line with high productivity that carry both aromatic characteristics gene and resistant brown planthopper gene. The experiment was conducted at Long Phu district, Soc Trang province in Winter-Spring 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was set up with three replications of 11 treatments including six tested rice lines and five parental rice varieties (control). The results showed that the six lines having medium plant in height and medium rice heading date. Growthtime of rice strains in the Winter – Spring season ranged from 97 to 113 days in group A2. These rice lines were found moderately and slightly resistant to BPH with a damage score from 3 to 5. All hybrid lines gave the evaluation results from slight-aroma to aroma characteristics. For genotype, six rice lines had aromatic gene while identified with 4 primers: ESP, EAP, IFAP and INSP. The PCR results indicated that marker RM225 linked to BPH resistance gene (bph4). From the results of this study, C12-14 strain has been choosen because of having not only  high productivity but also aromatic characteristics gene and brown planthopper gene.

A green-house and a field trial  were carried out to determine the effects of nitrogen fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the growth and yield of IR50404 rice cultivar. The results from the green-house showed that either treatments inoculated with individual bacterial strain (nitrogen fixing or phosphate solubilizing bacteria) in a combination with a reduction of inorganic nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer or inoculated with both strains with a reduction of inorganic nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer had plant height, root length, dry weight (DW) of plants and DW of roots similar to those of treatment applied with 100% recommeded dose of N and P2O5 without bacterial inoculation. The results from the field experiment showed that either treatments inoculated with individual strain in a combination with a reduction of inorganic nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer or inoculated with both strains with a reduction of inorganic nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer had plant height, root length, DW of plants, DW of roots, length of panicle, number of panicle/m2, filled grain percentage and DW of rice straw and grain yield similar to those of treatment with full nitrogen and phosphate dose application without bacterial innoculation. Rice inoculated with both bacterial strains together with 50%N and 50% P2O5 helped rice  growth better and increased 5.9% of rice yield as compared to those of the treatment received full dose application of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers.

Lactic acid fermentation can add value to molasse and reduce pollution. The objectives of this study were to select and analyze for the fermentation by seven strains of lactic acid bacteria (L7, L9, L11, L26, L30, L37 and the control strain of Lactobacillus thermotolerans) using sugarcane molasses, a low-cost material from Phung Hiep sugar factory. Among them, Lactobacillus casei L9 could ferment and create 10.20 g/L total acid content after 5 days which is higher than that of the control Lactobacillus thermotolerans (9.40 g/L after 7 days). The suitable conditions for lactic acid fermentation from molasses were determined at pH 6.0, 8% (w/v) total sugar, 107 cells/mL inoculum. In the suitable conditions, Lactobacillus casei L9 could create 18.30 g/L lactic acid after a 6-day fermentation.

Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata is a high medicinal as well as commercial plant. It is necessary to study and apply several organic compounds such as yeast extract and casein hydrolysate to replace inorganic nitrate source in culture medium in the process of production of in vitro A. formosanus biomass for supplying safe medicinal resource. In this study, A. formosanus shoots were cultured on Albert’s medium which was decreased nitrate-containing salt, vitamin supplement MS medium, 30 g. L-1 sucrose and organic compounds (yeast extract and casein hydrolysate) with different concentrations (1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0 g. L-1). The obtained biomass was assessed its bioactivity via antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The results showed that the most suitable medium for the rapid multiplication of A. formosanus biomass was Albert’s medium which had the decrease of 50% of nitrate-containing salt and the addition of 30 g. L-1 sucrose, 7.0 g. L-1 yeast extract, with explant height, fresh weight and dry weight after 6 weeks of culture were 9.411 cm, 1.824 g per explant and 0.186 g per explant, respectively. Biomass obtained on this medium also had the highest bioactivity with high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 2.4023 mg. mL-1) and resistance to 4 following microbial strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi; Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.

Ralstonia solanacearum is a phytopathogenic bacterium which has been recorded on more than 200 species belonging to 50 botanical families. To prevent wilt disease, farmers often use chemical compounds control the bacterium, however, this measure has shown negative impacts affecting the environment. Bacteriophage can infect bacteria and the use of bacteriophage is considered as a potential biological method in bio-controlling bacterial wilt disease. The aim of this study was carried out to isolate bacteriophages from the soil of medicinal plants that have lysis bacteria that cause wilt disease on plants. The bacteriophages were isolated from the soil and surveyed base on the double agar-plaque assay method. Thirty five bacteriophages were isolated from soil samples of medicinal plants such as Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa L., Coleus aromaticus Benth and Polyscias fruticosa L. The host range of bacteriophages showed that a total of 29 phages have clear plaques on 9 Ralstonia solanacearum strains. Particularly, seven bacteriophage strains named as ɸG7, ɸG8, ɸDL3, ɸDL6, ɸH6, ɸH23 and ɸH24 had wide host range and capable of lysis on Ralstonia solanacearum more than 72 hours in vitro conditions. Ralstonia solanacearum là vi khuẩn gây bệnh héo xanh trên 200 loài thực vật thuộc 50 họ khác nhau và được xếp thứ hai trong danh sách các tác nhân gây bệnh nguy hiểm nhất trên cây trồng. Để phòng trị bệnh héo xanh, nông dân thường sử dụng các biện pháp hóa học, tuy nhiên biện pháp này  đã cho thấy những tác động tiêu cực làm ảnh hưởng  đến  môi trường. Thực khuẩn thể ký sinh và ức chế vi khuẩn và sử dụng thực khuẩn thể được xem là biện pháp sinh học tiềm năng trong việc phòng trừ bệnh héo xanh. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm phân lập các dòng thực khuẩn thể từ đất trồng cây dược liệu có khả năng ly giải vi khuẩn gây bệnh héo xanh trên cây trồng. Thực khuẩn thể được phân lập từ đất và khảo sát vết tan dựa vào phương pháp agar 2 lớp. Ba mươi lăm dòng thực khuẩn thể có khả năng ức chế vi khuẩn Ralstonia solanacearum đã được phân lập từ mẫu đất trồng cây dược liệu như cây gừng (Zingiber officinale), nghệ (Curcuma longa L.), húng chanh (Coleus aromaticus Benth) và đinh lăng (Polyscias fruticosa L.). Kết quả đánh giá phổ ký chủ của các dòng thực khuẩn thể phân lập cho thấy có 29 dòng thực khuẩn thể tạo vết tan rõ ràng đối với 9 dòng vi khuẩn gây bệnh Ralstonia solanacearum. Đặc biệt 7 dòng thực khuẩn thể ký hiệu ɸG7, ɸG8, ɸDL3, ɸDL6, ɸH6, ɸH23 và ɸH24 có khả năng ly giải vi khuẩn hơn 72 giờ trong điều kiện phòng thí nghiệm.

In the world, avocado is highly appreciated for nutrition as well as benefits of fruit for health and beauty. In addition, the peel and seed also contain a lot of substances which could be applied in the pharmacology and cosmetics. The present study determined in vitro antioxidant activity, inhibition of α-glucosidase and in anti-breast cancer activity of avocado peel and seed (Booth 7). By testing antioxidant with DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), inhibiting α-glucosidase and sulforhodamine B method of 70% and 96% ethanol. Results showed that the ethanol extract of avocado peel and seed had efficiency in antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition. Particularly, the 96% ethanol extract of avocado seed is the strongest antioxidant (IC50 = 200.97 mg/mL), is about 11 times lower than vitamin C (IC50 = 18.19 mg/mL). In contrast, the peel avocado (96% ethanol) showed the strongest activity in α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 2.75 μg/mL), higher than acarbose positive (IC50 = 6.83 μg/mL) about 2.48 times. However, the breast anticancer activity of the negligible. Active ingredients for inhibiting oxidation and α-glucosidase should be further isolated and determined from avocado peel and seed.

Mushroom Cordyceps militaris is known as a high functional food that supports (restores, maintains or enhances) the function of body parts, with or without nutritional effects, makes body comfortable, increases resistance and reduce the risk of disease. Study of artificial media for increasing pharmaceutical values of the fungus was carried out on four artificial media including M-1 (purple rice, SBG (spent brewery grain), mineral nutrient), M-2 (Secale cereal, SBG, mineral nutrient), M-3 (purple rice, mineral nutrient) and M-4 (Secale cereal, mineral nutrient). These four types of artificial media cultured with the CM- China1 fungus at artificial conditions. The results showed that stromata (fruiting body or buffer) were formed on medium containing SBG. Two media added SBG showed pharmaceutical values of fruiting body higher than those without SBG. The M-2 medium containing SBG increased the highest levels of cordycepin and adenosine in fruiting bodies at 10.58 mg/g and 0.85 mg/g fresh stromata.

Three-leaf cayratia (Cayratia trifolia L.) is a source of biological compounds that have the antioxidant capacity. The aims of this study were to evaluate the total polyphenol and antioxidant capacity of three-leaf cayratia and to investigate the suitable conditions for wine fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae CM3.2. The suitable conditions for three-leaf cayratia wine fermentation were determined at 21.09 ºBrix, pH 4.5 and 105 cells/mL inoculation that could produce 12.46% v/v ethanol after 5 days of fermentation at 35°C. In 1 L scale fermentation, three-leaf cayratia wine had 12.63% v/v ethanol content with good sensorial properties. The total polyphenols and the antioxidant capacity of wine were 0.53 mg GAE/mL and 44.9%, respectively, which were not significantly different as in the three-leaf cayratia juice (polyphenol concentration of 0.61 mg GAE/mL and the antioxidant capacity of 51.4%).

Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) gen of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (LMP1 EBV) and the mutation in LMP1 EBV were important for the formation of malignant tumors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in patients with EBV infection. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency and loss 30 bp mutation of the LMP1 gene in the biopsy specimen of the NPC patient. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out of 65 biopsy specimes of patients, who was confirmed as nasopharynreal carcinoma at the Can Tho Oncology Hospital. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with LMP1 primer (168373-168174) was used to determine the frequency of LMP1 EBV gene and sequening technique was applied to identify LMP1 gene mutation. As a result, the rate of LMP1 EBV in nasopharyx biopsy specimens was 61.5% (40/65).  Besides, there was 57.5% (23/40) of 30 bp loss mutant on LMP1 EBV gene was indentified among of LMP1 EBV in nasopharyx biopsy specimens. In conclusions, the rate of LMP1 EBV on biopsy specimens of NPC in Can Tho was 61.5% with the common mutation pattern of 30bp loss.